Case: 14-10864    Date Filed: 08/14/2014   Page: 1 of 8


                                                        [DO NOT PUBLISH]



           IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

                    FOR THE ELEVENTH CIRCUIT
                      ________________________

                             No. 14-10864
                         Non-Argument Calendar
                       ________________________

                   D.C. Docket No. 1:10-cv-01117-JEC

CLIFTON BELL,

                                                            Plaintiff-Appellant,

                                  versus

METROPOLITAN ATLANTA RAPID TRANSIT AUTHORITY,
CHIEF WANDA DUNHAM,
Personally,
ASSISTANT CHIEF JOSEPH DORSEY,
Personally,
A, B, AND C, BEING THOSE PERSONS, FIRMS OR
ENTITIES PRESENTLY UNKNOWN TO PLAINTIFF,

                                                        Defendants-Appellees.

                       ________________________

                Appeal from the United States District Court
                   for the Northern District of Georgia
                      ________________________

                             (August 14, 2014)
                 Case: 14-10864        Date Filed: 08/14/2014       Page: 2 of 8


Before WILSON, ROSENBAUM and ANDERSON, Circuit Judges.

PER CURIAM:

       Clifton Bell appeals the district court’s denial of his motion for relief from

summary judgment under Fed. R. Civ. P. 60(b)(3) and (4), and for sanctions under

Fed. R. Civ. P. 37. Bell argues that it was an abuse of discretion to find that Bell’s

former employer, Metro Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority’s (MARTA) failure to

maintain a particular memo (the “Memo”) in Bell’s personnel file, was not a

violation of law. Further, he argues that the summary judgment ruling was void

due to an erroneous application of the law. 1 Upon review of the record and

consideration of the parties’ briefs, we affirm.

                                       BACKGROUND

       Bell resigned from his position with the MARTA police department after he

was charged with four rules violations pertaining to false or incomplete testimony

and unauthorized written communications. The charges were made at the

conclusion of an internal investigation concerning purchases made on a Best Buy

account that Bell had opened without the proper authority. As a result of the


       1
          Bell raised several other issues, including whether the district court improperly declined
to exercise supplemental jurisdiction over his state law claims, and whether it abused its
discretion by “justifying and/or mitigating MARTA [sic] unlawful actions regarding MARTA’s
failure to maintain its files as required by Georgia law.” However, he failed to provide
substantive argument in support of these claims and, therefore, has abandoned them on appeal.
See Access Now, Inc. v. Sw. Airlines Co., 

, 1330 (11th Cir. 2004). He also failed
to provide substantive argument in support of his claim that sanctions were warranted, so he has
also abandoned that issue on appeal. 

14-10864     Date Filed: 08/14/2014   Page: 3 of 8


investigation, Bell was given the option of resignation or termination. He chose to

resign.

      Subsequently, Bell brought a 42 U.S.C. § 1983 action raising due process

and constructive discharge claims against MARTA, MARTA Chief of Police

Wanda Dunham, and MARTA Assistant Chief of Police Joseph Dorsey

(collectively, “MARTA”). Although Bell tendered his resignation on March 5,

2007, he alleged that he was actually terminated, unbeknownst to him, on March 2,

2007, without being given a name-clearing hearing.

      Following discovery, the Defendants filed a joint motion for summary

judgment. In support, they attached, among other things, excerpts from Dunham’s

deposition, in which she explained that she drafted Bell’s termination letter in

anticipation of the March 5, 2007 meeting, and she displayed the letter to Bell at

that March 5th meeting when she gave him the choice between resignation and

termination. MARTA also attached an excerpt of MARTA’s General Order 26-

103, which provided that terminated employees who are state certified have a right

to a name-clearing hearing scheduled within five days of termination.

      The district court granted summary judgment in favor of MARTA, finding

that Bell’s claims were untimely. Bell appealed, and we affirmed the district

court’s grant of summary judgment. Bell Metro. Atlanta Rapid Transit Auth., 521

F. App’x 862 (11th Cir. 2013) (per curiam). Bell then filed a motion for relief


                                          3
              Case: 14-10864     Date Filed: 08/14/2014   Page: 4 of 8


from the district court’s summary judgment order and for sanctions under Fed. R.

Civ. P. 60(b)(3) and (4) and Rule 37, respectively.

      The basis for Bell’s motion was the Memo, a document he obtained in April

2013 through an Open Records Act request to the Georgia Peace Officer Standards

and Training Council. The Memo was authored by Sergeant S. Reynolds, Internal

Affairs Commander of the MARTA police department. The Memo indicated that

Bell was terminated on March 2, 2007 for rules violations related to “false

testimony” and “written communications.” Bell asserted that the Memo was

fraudulently withheld by MARTA during discovery in his § 1983 case. According

to Bell, the Memo raised a question of fact as to whether he was terminated or

resigned, and thus was a factual issue for a jury to decide. He contended that the

Memo also called into question all the district court’s findings underlying its

decision to grant MARTA’s motion for summary judgment. Furthermore, Bell

contended, the statute of limitations could not have begun to run until he

discovered the Memo in April 2013. Finally, he argued that the court should issue

sanctions because the Memo, which MARTA concealed, destroyed, and

intentionally withheld from the court, was critical to his prima facie showing of the

merits of his complaint.

      The district court denied Bell’s motion. He timely appealed. Now on

appeal, Bell argues that the Memo was material because it contradicted MARTA’s


                                          4
               Case: 14-10864     Date Filed: 08/14/2014    Page: 5 of 8


assertion that Bell was not terminated, but that he chose to resign. Thus, MARTA

violated his substantive and procedural due process rights by terminating him

without providing a name-clearing hearing. MARTA’s withholding of the Memo

affected the district court’s conclusion about Bell’s separation status and the

calculation of the statute of limitations. He contends that he was prevented from

an opportunity to clearly and properly present his case.

                                    DISCUSSION

      We typically review a district court’s order under Rule 60(b) for abuse of

discretion. Am. Bankers Ins. Co. of Florida v. Northwestern Nat’l Ins. Co., 

, 1338 (11th Cir. 1999). However, we review de novo a district court’s

ruling on a Rule 60(b)(4) motion to set aside a judgment as void, because the

question of the validity of a judgment is a legal one. Burke v. Smith, 

, 1263 (11th Cir. 2001).

      Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 60(b) states: “On motion and just terms, the

court may relieve a party or its legal representative from a final judgment, order, or

proceeding for the following reasons: . . . (3) fraud . . ., misrepresentation, or

misconduct by an opposing party; (4) the judgment is void . . .”. Fed. R. Civ. P.

60. However, “[a]n appeal of a ruling on a Rule 60(b) motion . . . is narrow in

scope, addressing only the propriety of the denial or grant of relief and does not




                                            5
                 Case: 14-10864    Date Filed: 08/14/2014     Page: 6 of 8


raise issues in the underlying judgment for review.” Am. Bankers Ins. 

.

       To prevail on a Rule 60(b)(3) motion, the movant must prove by “clear and

convincing evidence that an adverse party has obtained the [judgment] through

fraud, misrepresentation, or other misconduct.” Frederick v. Kirby Tankships, Inc.,

, 1287 (11th Cir. 2000). Additionally, the moving party must show

that the opposing party’s conduct prevented him from “fully and fairly presenting

his case.” 

Rule 60(b)(4), a court may relieve a party from a final judgment

or order that is void. 

. “Generally, a judgment is void

under Rule 60(b)(4) if the court that rendered it lacked jurisdiction, . . . if it acted in

a manner inconsistent with due process of law[, or] if the rendering court was

powerless to enter it.” 

marks omitted).

       In a Rule 60(b) motion, “[t]he losing party must do more than show that a

grant of [the] motion might have been warranted; he must demonstrate a

justification for relief so compelling that the district court was required to grant

[the] motion.” Maradiaga v. United States, 

, 1291 (11th Cir. 2012)

(internal quotation marks omitted).

       The district court here did not abuse its discretion by denying Bell relief

under Rule 60(b)(3). Bell did not produce clear and convincing evidence of fraud


                                            6
               Case: 14-10864     Date Filed: 08/14/2014    Page: 7 of 8


or misconduct by the defendants sufficient to support relief under Rule 60(b)(3).

. The court accepted MARTA’s explanation for why

the Memo was not produced in discovery—it was not placed or maintained in

Bell’s personnel file because it did not accurately reflect the fact that Bell resigned

in lieu of termination—and there was no evidence to suggest otherwise.

      Further, the court did not abuse its discretion in concluding that the Memo

did not affect its substantive rulings or its statute of limitations ruling. Although

Bell discovered the Memo in April 2013, he was aware of all the facts which

would support a cause of action when MARTA responded to his initial Open

Records Act request in January 2008, but he did not file the underlying § 1983

action until April 2010, outside of the limitations period. Therefore, the memo did

not affect the district court’s statute of limitations ruling, which we previously

affirmed. See Bell, 521 Fed App’x at 865. Bell certainly did not provide

justification for relief so compelling that the district court was required to grant the

motion. 

. Moreover, he did not show that MARTA’s

failure to produce the Memo in discovery prevented him from fully and fairly

presenting his case. 

. He enjoyed a full opportunity to

litigate the issue of whether he was terminated or resigned, and the discovery of the

Memo did not change the basic facts underlying the complaint, including his

admission that he resigned from his position in lieu of being terminated.


                                           7
              Case: 14-10864     Date Filed: 08/14/2014    Page: 8 of 8


      Furthermore, the district court did not err by denying relief under Rule

60(b)(4), as Bell identified no jurisdictional or other defect that would render the

judgment void, nor did he show that the district court acted in a manner

inconsistent with due process of law. 

.

      Accordingly, we affirm.

      AFFIRMED.




                                          8