Case: 15-14592    Date Filed: 09/13/2016   Page: 1 of 8


                                                          [DO NOT PUBLISH]



             IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

                     FOR THE ELEVENTH CIRCUIT
                       ________________________

                             No. 15-14592
                         Non-Argument Calendar
                       ________________________

                 D.C. Docket No. 4:14-cv-00081-JRH-GRS



JENNIFER WRENE MARSHALL,

                                                             Plaintiff-Appellant,

                                   versus

COMMISSIONER, SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION,

                                                            Defendant-Appellee.

                       ________________________

                Appeal from the United States District Court
                   for the Southern District of Georgia
                      ________________________

                             (September 13, 2016)



Before TJOFLAT, JILL PRYOR and BLACK, Circuit Judges.

PER CURIAM:
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       Jennifer Marshall appeals the district court’s order affirming the

Commissioner’s denial of Supplemental Security Income (SSI), under 42 U.S.C.

§ 1383(c)(3), and Child’s Insurance Benefits, under 42 U.S.C. § 402(d)(1).

Marshall asserts two issues on appeal,1 which we address in turn. After review,2

we affirm.

                                       I. DISCUSSION

A. ALJ’s discrediting of medical opinions

       Marshall argues the Administrative Law Judge (ALJ) erred by discrediting

the opinions of her treating psychiatrist, Dr. Kevin Winders, and

psychopharmacologist, Dr. Patrice Butterfield, and by instead crediting the

evaluation of an examining psychiatrist, Dr. Thomas Pedigo.

       Medical opinions are always considered when determining whether an

applicant qualifies for disability benefits. See 20 C.F.R. § 404.1527(b). Factors

that increase the weight of a medical opinion include, inter alia, whether the source


       1
           Marshall waived her argument the ALJ erred by failing to make explicit credibility
findings as to her mother’s testimony, as she did not preserve that argument by raising it in the
district court. See Stewart v. Dept. of Health and Human Serv’s, 

, 115 (11th Cir.
1994) (explaining we will not consider an issue the Social Security claimant failed to raise and
preserve in the district court). Marshall only argued the ALJ erred in discrediting her own
testimony, which was consistent with her mother’s testimony. Accordingly, we decline to
consider this argument on appeal.
       2
          We review the ALJ’s decision for substantial evidence and its application of legal
principles de novo. Moore v. Barnhart, 

, 1211 (11th Cir. 2005). When the
Appeals Council denies review of the ALJ’s decision, we review the ALJ’s decision as the
Commissioner’s final decision. Doughty v. Apfel, 

, 1278 (11th Cir. 2001).


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of the opinion examined or treated the applicant, the length and nature of the

relationship between the source and the applicant, whether the evidence supports

the source’s opinion, and the degree of consistency between the opinion and the

record as a whole. See 

      An ALJ must give a treating physician’s opinion “substantial or considerable

weight” unless there is good cause not to do so. Winschel v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec.,

, 1179 (11th Cir. 2011); see also 20 C.F.R. § 404.1527(c)(2)

(providing a treating source’s opinion is given controlling weight if it is supported

by medically acceptable techniques and is not inconsistent with the other

substantial evidence). Good cause exists when a treating physician’s opinion is not

supported by the evidence, the evidence supports a different conclusion, or the

treating physician’s opinion is conclusory or inconsistent with his own medical

records. 

; Phillips v. Barnhart, 

, 1240-41

(11th Cir. 2004) (finding “good cause” where treating physician’s assessment

conflicted with his treatment notes and the applicant’s admitted daily activities).

The ALJ must clearly articulate the reasons for disregarding a treating physician’s

opinion. 

. The ALJ must also state with particularity

the weight given to different medical opinions and the reasons therefor. 

had “good cause” for rejecting Dr. Winders’ opinions because his

medical opinions that Marshall could not sustain gainful activity were inconsistent


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with his own treatment records. See 

. Dr. Winders’

statements in his impairment questionnaire that said Marshall was incapable of

gainful employment and did not have good days were inconsistent with his

treatment notes that indicated that Marshall was “doing fairly well,” “doing okay,”

and “doing good.” The ALJ specifically noted these inconsistencies, as well as

Dr. Winders’ repeatedly assessing Marshall with global assessment of functioning

(GAF) scores indicating only mild limitation.

       Additionally, there was “good cause” for the ALJ to reject Dr. Butterfield’s

opinion because the GAF scores of 40 and findings that Marshall was markedly

limited were not consistent with the rest of the medical evidence, including

Marshall’s reported daily activities. See 

Butterfield twice

determined that Marshall had a GAF score of 40, Dr. Pedigo assessed Marshall a

GAF score of 65, and Dr. Winders gave Marshall GAF scores between 55 and 75.3

Therefore, the disparity in Dr. Butterfield’s GAF scores and Drs. Pedigo’s and

Winders’ consistent GAF scores showed an inconsistency between

Dr. Butterfield’s opinion and the rest of the record evidence. See 

. The ALJ noted that Butterfield’s GAF score was inconsistent with

the rest of the record evidence, as well as Marshall’s self-reported activities.
       3
          It was not improper for the ALJ to consider the GAF scores in determining that
Dr. Butterfield’s opinion was inconsistent with the rest of the evidence because the ALJ was not
using the GAF scores to determine whether Marshall met one of the Listings. See Revised
Medical Criteria for Evaluating Mental Disorders and Traumatic Brain Injury, 65 Fed. Reg. at
50,764-65.
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      Further, it was not improper for the ALJ to discount Dr. Butterfield’s

opinion because he believed that Dr. Butterfield was trying to help Marshall obtain

benefits, even though he did not give independent reasons for this perceived bias

beyond his other “good cause” for rejecting Dr. Butterfield’s opinion. He did,

however, note that Dr. Pedigo, unlike Dr. Butterfield, rendered his opinion before

Marshall applied for benefits and thus could not have been biased by her

application. Marshall’s argument the ALJ mischaracterized her daily activities

also fails because the ALJ only noted her daily activities as one of the

inconsistencies between the level of ability that Dr. Butterfield’s GAF score

indicated and the rest of the medical evidence, rather than relying on them solely to

determine her level of impairment. Accordingly, the ALJ did not err in

discounting the opinions of Drs. Winders and Butterfield as they both were

internally inconsistent and inconsistent with the rest of the evidence.

      Marshall’s argument the ALJ gave improper weight to Dr. Pedigo’s opinion

fails because the ALJ must consider medical opinions when determining whether a

claimant qualifies for disability benefits. See 20 C.F.R. § 404.1527(b). First,

Marshall’s argument that Dr. Pedigo did not render an “opinion” because he did

not address her functional capacity fails because the ALJ did not extrapolate

Dr. Pedigo’s opinion as to Marshall’s functional capacity. He instead relied solely

on Dr. Pedigo’s account of Marshall’s performance during her evaluation, her


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self-reported daily activities, GAF score of 65, and ADHD diagnosis. Second, the

ALJ properly accorded Dr. Pedigo’s opinion increased weight over other medical

evidence because he was an examining source and the ALJ discredited the only

treating sources’ opinions. See 20 C.F.R. § 404.1527(c). Finally, the ALJ

correctly noted that Dr. Pedigo’s opinion was the only one rendered before

Marshall applied for benefits. Therefore, the ALJ did not err in giving weight to

Dr. Pedigo’s opinion.

      Accordingly, substantial evidence supported the ALJ’s decisions to discount

Drs. Winders’ and Butterfield’s opinions and to credit Dr. Pedigo’s opinion. See

Moore v. Barnhart, 

, 1211 (11th Cir. 2005).

B. Severity of impairment

      Marshall further contends the ALJ erred by discrediting her testimony at the

hearing. When a claimant attempts to establish disability through his or her own

testimony of pain or other subjective symptoms, we apply a “pain standard” test,

which requires: (1) evidence that the claimant has an underlying medical condition;

and either (2) objective medical evidence that confirms the severity of the alleged

pain arising from that condition; or (3) that the objectively determined medical

condition is of such a severity that it can be reasonably expected to give rise to the

alleged pain. Wilson v. Barnhart, 

, 1225 (11th Cir. 2002). The

“pain standard” test is also applicable to other subjective symptoms. Dyer v.


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Barnhart, 

, 1210 (11th Cir. 2005). The ALJ must give specific

reasons for disbelieving the claimant’s subjective-symptom testimony. Holt v.

Sullivan, 

, 1223 (11th Cir. 1991). We will not disturb a credibility

finding that is supported by substantial evidence. Foote v. Chater, 

,

1562 (11th Cir. 1995).

      Substantial evidence supported the ALJ’s decision to discredit Marshall’s

testimony to the extent it was inconsistent with the ALJ’s determination of

Marshall’s residual functional capacity (RFC). The ALJ explained his reasons for

discounting Drs. Winders’ and Butterfield’s opinions, which supported Marshall’s

testimony but were inconsistent with their own treatment notes and the other

record medical evidence. Further, the ALJ stated that Marshall’s performance in

Dr. Pedigo’s evaluation, Dr. Pedigo’s assessed GAF score of 65 and Attention

Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder diagnosis, and the daily activities Marshall reported

to Dr. Pedigo were not consistent with her claimed severity of disability. The ALJ

noted Marshall had chosen to stop taking her medicine in favor of her art and had

not followed the recommendations of her Vocational Rehabilitation counselor,

even though they may have helped. The ALJ reasoned she had taken

regular-education classes, with the exception of math, and had graduated high

school with a diploma, indicating she had been able to maintain attention and

concentrate. Finally, the ALJ explained Marshall had been able to volunteer


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registering voters, indicating she had been able to maintain some level of social

functioning, concentration, persistence, and pace. Accordingly, substantial

evidence supported the ALJ’s decision to discredit Marshall’s subjective-symptom

testimony. See 

; 

.

                                II. CONCLUSION

      The district court’s order affirming the Commissioner’s denial of SSI and

CIB is

      AFFIRMED.




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