Case: 17-14891   Date Filed: 06/14/2018   Page: 1 of 8


                                                        [DO NOT PUBLISH]



            IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

                    FOR THE ELEVENTH CIRCUIT
                      ________________________

                            No. 17-14891
                        Non-Argument Calendar
                      ________________________

                 D.C. Docket No. 2:17-cv-00291-JES-CM

ROBERT R. PRUNTY, JR.,

                                                           Plaintiff-Appellant,

                                  versus

DESOTO COUNTY SCHOOL BOARD AND DISTRICT,
KARYN E. GARY,
Dr., former superintendent,
ANGELA STALEY,
Dr., ESE Director,
AGENCY FOR HEALTHCARE ADMINISTRATION,
AHCA,
SHEVAUN HARRIS,
Asst. Deputy Secretary, et al.,

                                                        Defendants-Appellees.

                      ________________________

               Appeal from the United States District Court
                   for the Middle District of Florida
                     ________________________

                             (June 14, 2018)
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Before ED CARNES, Chief Judge, MARTIN, and JILL PRYOR, Circuit Judges.

PER CURIAM:

      Robert Prunty, proceeding pro se, appeals the district court’s dismissal of his

amended complaint for failure to exhaust administrative remedies under the

Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA). He also appeals the denial of

his motion for reconsideration.

                                          I.

      Prunty is an African-American parent of school-aged children who have

been diagnosed with autism. In 2017 he filed a lawsuit against the School District

of Desoto County and the Agency for Health Care Administration (and several

related individuals) alleging a violation of the IDEA. The IDEA ensures that

disabled children “have available to them a free appropriate public education.” 20

U.S.C. § 1400(d)(1)(A). “Under the IDEA, an individualized education program,

called an IEP for short, serves as the primary vehicle for providing each child with

the promised [free appropriate public education].” Fry v. Napoleon Cmty. Schs.,

580 U.S. __, 

, 749 (2017) (quotation marks omitted). An IEP is a

written statement of the child’s level of academic achievement, goals, and special

education services to be provided to the child. CP v. Leon Cty. Sch. Bd. Fla., 

, 1153 (11th Cir. 2007).




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       Prunty alleged that the school district and health agency violated the IDEA

by mailing already-completed IEP forms to the parents, thereby excluding parents

from the process of creating IEPs. See 

mandates that schools

and parents together develop an [IEP].”); see also 20 U.S.C. § 1415(b)(1)

(providing that parents must be allowed to “participate in meetings with respect to

the identification, evaluation, and educational placement of the child”).1 He also

alleged that a third defendant, the Jack Nicklaus Miami Children’s Hospital,

conspired with the other two defendants by refusing to allow African-American

parents of disabled children to apply for programs or services at the hospital, in

violation of the Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act.

       Prunty’s amended complaint contained 12 claims against the defendants.

Although the basis for his claims was that the defendants violated the IDEA, he

alleged conspiracy claims against all three defendants under 42 U.S.C. § 1985(3); a

claim against all three defendants for the violation of his fundamental

constitutional right to manage the care of his children; 2 claims for violations of his

civil and constitutional rights under 42 U.S.C. § 1983, and related common law

claims, against the school district and health agency; and a claim against the

children’s hospital under the Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act.

       1
       Parents are “entitled to prosecute IDEA claims on their own behalf.” Winkelman ex rel.
Winkelman v. Parma City Sch. Dist., 

, 535, 

, 2006 (2007).
       2
           Prunty did not allege a statutory basis for this claim.

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He also challenged the validity of two Florida statutes on the grounds that they

allowed the defendants to circumvent the IDEA’s procedural requirements.

      Each defendant filed a separate motion to dismiss the amended complaint.

Those motions alleged that Prunty’s claims had to be dismissed because he failed

to exhaust the IDEA’s administrative remedies, even though he ostensibly brought

his claims under different statutes. See 20 U.S.C. § 1415(l) (providing that

plaintiffs must exhaust the IDEA’s remedies, even if they bring claims under

different statutes, if the sought-after relief is available under the IDEA). Prunty

filed several motions in response, contending that the IDEA’s exhaustion

requirement did not apply to his claims because he brought non-IDEA claims,

exhaustion was futile, and he had already engaged in the administrative process.

He also attached several documents to those motions, one of which was a February

2014 letter he sent to the school district indicating that he had changed his mind

about attending a state-sponsored due process hearing and that he would pursue

relief in federal court. See 20 U.S.C. § 1415(a), (f) (establishing procedural

safeguards for parents with disabled children, one of which is the right to an

impartial due process hearing conducted by the state or local educational agency).

      The district court granted all three motions to dismiss. It first noted that

Prunty had filed three previous lawsuits alleging similar violations against many of

the same defendants, all of which were dismissed without prejudice for failure to


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exhaust the IDEA’s administrative remedies. It ruled that this case must also be

dismissed without prejudice for the same reason because the IDEA’s exhaustion

requirement applied to all of Prunty’s claims and his amended complaint did not

indicate that he had exhausted his administrative remedies. Prunty filed a motion

for a new trial under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 59(a), which the court

construed as a motion to alter or amend the judgment under Rule 59(e) and denied.

This is Prunty’s appeal.

                                                 II.

       We review de novo the dismissal of a complaint for failure to exhaust

administrative remedies. Babicz v. Sch. Bd., 

, 1421 (11th Cir.

1998). And we review for abuse of discretion the court’s denial of Prunty’s Rule

59 motion. Lambert v. Fulton County, 

, 598 (11th Cir. 2001). Prunty

contends that the district court erred in dismissing his amended complaint and

denying his Rule 59 motion because he is not actually seeking relief under the

IDEA, and as a result the Act’s exhaustion requirement does not apply to his

claims. 3


       3
          Prunty also challenges two Florida statutes on vagueness grounds, but we do not
consider those arguments because he raises them for the first time on appeal. See Access Now,
Inc. v. Sw. Airlines Co., 

, 1331 (11th Cir. 2004) (“This Court has repeatedly held
that an issue not raised in the district court and raised for the first time in an appeal will not be
considered by this court.”) (quotation marks omitted). He has also abandoned his § 1985
conspiracy claims and state law claims by failing to raise them on appeal. See Timson v.
Sampson, 

, 874 (11th Cir. 2008) (“[I]ssues not briefed on appeal by a pro se litigant
are deemed abandoned.”). And his passing reference to the hospital’s alleged violation of the
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       That argument fails. The gravamen of his amended complaint is that the

defendants violated the IDEA’s requirement that disabled children receive a free

appropriate public education. See 

(concluding that the

IDEA’s exhaustion requirement applies where a student “seeks relief for the denial

of a [free appropriate public education],” and that to determine “whether a suit

indeed seeks relief for such a denial, a court should look to the substance, or

gravamen, of the plaintiff’s complaint”) (quotation marks omitted). Prunty’s

amended complaint repeatedly alleges that the defendants denied his children a

free appropriate public education by excluding him from the process of creating

IEPs, and he seeks relief from that alleged violation. As the Supreme Court stated

in Fry, one “clue to whether the gravamen of a complaint against a school concerns

the denial of a [free appropriate public education], or instead addresses disability-

based discrimination, can come from asking a pair of hypothetical questions”:

(1) “[C]ould the plaintiff have brought essentially the same claim if the alleged

conduct had occurred at a public facility that was not a school” (such as a public

library), and (2) “could an adult at the school — say, an employee or visitor —

have pressed essentially the same grievance?” 

Here, “no” is the answer

to both questions because Prunty alleges that the defendants excluded him from the

Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act is not enough to preserve that claim for
review. See id.; see also Sapuppo v. Allstate Floridian Ins. Co., 

, 681 (11th Cir.
2014) (stating that an appellant abandons a claim “by making nothing more than a passing
reference to it in the initial brief”) (quotation marks omitted).

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IEP process (something that could take place only at a school) and an employee or

visitor could not claim an IEP violation because IEPs are created for disabled

children. See 

if the answer to both questions is “no, then the

complaint probably does concern a [free appropriate public education], even if it

does not explicitly say so”).

      Because the gravamen of Prunty’s complaint is that the defendants denied

his children a free appropriate public education by excluding him from the IEP

process, the IDEA’s exhaustion requirement applies to his claims. 

That

Prunty brings claims under different statutes, such as § 1983, does not allow him to

circumvent that requirement. See 

n.10 (“Any student

who wants relief that is available under the IDEA must use the IDEA’s

administrative system, even if he invokes a different statute.”) (quotation marks

omitted); see also M.T.V. v. DeKalb Cty. Sch. Dist., 

, 1157–58 (11th

Cir. 2006) (concluding that claims based on § 1983, the Americans with

Disabilities Act, the Rehabilitation Act, and the First Amendment were all subject

to the IDEA’s exhaustion requirement); N.B. by D.G. v. Alachua Cty. Sch. Bd., 

, 1379 (11th Cir. 1996) (concluding that the IDEA’s exhaustion

requirement applied to plaintiff’s § 1983 claim for money damages).

      There is no indication that Prunty has exhausted the IDEA’s administrative

remedies. The record actually indicates that he withdrew from the administrative


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process after he declined to attend a due process hearing. And nothing in the

record supports his argument that the IDEA’s remedies are futile. As a result, the

district court did not err in dismissing his amended complaint for failure to exhaust

the IDEA’s administrative remedies. And because that ruling was not erroneous,

the court did not abuse its discretion in denying Prunty’s motion to alter or amend

the judgment. See 

.

      AFFIRMED.




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