08-2121-cv
Golden v. New York City Dep’t of Envtl. Prot.



                                  UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                                      FOR THE SECOND CIRCUIT

                                                SUMMARY ORDER
RULINGS BY SUM M ARY ORDER DO NOT HAVE PRECEDENTIAL EFFECT. CITATION TO SUM M ARY
O RDERS FILED AFTER JANUARY 1, 2007, IS PERM ITTED AND IS GOVERNED BY THIS COURT’S
LOCAL RULE 32.1 AND FEDERAL RULE OF APPELLATE PROCEDURE 32.1. IN A BRIEF OR OTHER
PAPER IN WHICH A LITIGANT CITES A SUM M ARY ORDER, IN EACH PARAGRAPH IN WHICH A
CITATION APPEARS, AT LEAST ONE CITATION M UST EITHER BE TO THE FEDERAL APPENDIX OR
BE ACCOM PANIED BY THE NOTATION: “(SUM M ARY ORDER).” A PARTY CITING A SUM M ARY
O RDER M UST SERVE A COPY OF THAT SUM M ARY ORDER TOGETHER W ITH THE PAPER IN
W HICH THE SUM M ARY ORDER IS CITED ON ANY PARTY NOT REPRESENTED BY COUNSEL
UNLESS THE SUM M ARY ORDER IS AVAILABLE IN AN ELECTRO NIC DATABASE W HICH IS
PUBLICLY ACCESSIBLE W ITHOUT PAYM ENT OF FEE (SUCH AS THE DATABASE AVAILABLE AT
HTTP://W W W .CA2.USCOURTS.GOV/). IF NO COPY IS SERVED BY REASON OF THE AVAILABILITY
OF THE ORDER ON SUCH A D ATAB ASE, THE CITATION M UST INCLUDE REFERENCE TO THAT
DATABASE AND THE DOCKET NUM BER OF THE CASE IN W HICH THE ORDER W AS ENTERED.


       At a stated term of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, held
at the Daniel Patrick Moynihan United States Courthouse, 500 Pearl Street, in the City of
New York, on the 2 nd day of December, two thousand nine.

PRESENT:             REENA RAGGI,
                     PETER W. HALL,
                               Circuit Judges,
                     BRIAN M. COGAN,*
                               District Judge.

------------------------------------------------------
MICHAEL GOLDEN,
                         Plaintiff-Appellant,

                     v.                                         No. 08-2121-cv

NEW YORK CITY DEPARTMENT OF
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION,
                         Defendant-Appellee.
------------------------------------------------------



          *
         District Judge Brian M. Cogan of the United States District Court for the Eastern
District of New York, sitting by designation.
FOR APPELLANT:                      Michael Golden, pro se, Massapequa, New York.

FOR APPELLEE:                       Janet L. Zaleon, Senior Corporation Counsel, for
                                    Michael A. Cardozo, Corporation Counsel of the City of
                                    New York, New York, New York.


       Appeal from a judgment of the United States District Court for the Southern District

of New York (Denise Cote, Judge).

       UPON DUE CONSIDERATION, IT IS HEREBY ORDERED, ADJUDGED, AND

DECREED that the judgment and order of the district court entered on December 4, 2007,

and March 24, 2008, respectively, are AFFIRMED.

       Plaintiff Michael Golden, pro se, appeals from (1) an award of summary judgment in

favor of his employer, the New York City Department of Environmental Protection, on his

claims under the Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993 (FMLA), 29 U.S.C. § 2601 et seq.,

and (2) an order denying his motion for reconsideration. We assume the parties’ familiarity

with the facts and the record of prior proceedings, which we reference only as necessary to

explain our decision to affirm.

       1.     Standards of Review

       We review de novo a district court’s grant of summary judgment, viewing the

evidence in the light most favorable to the non-moving party. See Terry v. Ashcroft, 

, 137 (2d Cir. 2003). We will uphold a summary judgment award only where there

are no genuine issues of material fact and the moving party is entitled to judgment as a matter



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of law. See Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(c); Miller v. Wolpoff & Abramson, L.L.P., 

, 300

(2d Cir. 2003). We review a district court’s denial of a Rule 60(b) motion for abuse of

discretion. See Transaero, Inc. v. La Fuerza Aerea Boliviana, 

, 729 (2d Cir.

1998).

         2.     FMLA Framework and Claims

         The FMLA was enacted to provide, inter alia, “job security for employees who have

serious health conditions that prevent them from working for temporary periods.” 29 U.S.C.

§ 2601(a)(4). Eligible employees may take leave for up to 12 weeks during any 12-month

period. See 

It is “unlawful for any employer to interfere with, restrain, or

deny the exercise of or the attempt to exercise, any right provided under [the FMLA].” 

In order to be protected by the FMLA, an employee must provide the employer

with appropriate notice of an absence. See 29 C.F.R. §§ 825.302(c), 825.303(b). In the case

of an unforeseeable absence, “an employee should give notice to the employer of the need

for FMLA leave as soon as practicable.” 

An employer may require an

employee “to comply with the employer’s usual and customary notice and procedural

requirements for requesting leave.” 

         Plaintiff does not dispute that, with regard to the occasions on which he did not work

a full, seven-hour day, he failed to give notice of his intention to take leave, despite being




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        This was the language applicable at the time of the events at issue. The regulation
now provides that “an employee must provide notice to the employer as soon as practicable.”
29 C.F.R. § 825.303(a) (effective Jan. 16, 2009).
                                             3
notified in writing of the need to do so. Insofar as Plaintiff argues that he should have been

allowed to take paid leave in connection with several full-day absences, we conclude that he

failed to provide timely notice of leave for a serious medical condition and has not

demonstrated that it was his employer’s practice to allow paid leave under the relevant

circumstances. See Santos v. Knitgoods Workers’ Union, Local 155, 

, 178 (2d

Cir. 2001) (explaining that employer is not required to allow substitution of accrued paid

leave for FMLA leave in circumstance that would not otherwise qualify for paid leave).

       Plaintiff’s claim that his supervisor’s alleged harassment discouraged him from

submitting leave slips is not supported by the record. Like the district court, we conclude that

Golden failed to demonstrate either that he was unable to submit leave requests to

administrators other than his direct supervisor or that the supervisor’s conduct “would have

deterred an employee of ordinary firmness, in a situation similar to his, from requesting or

taking FMLA leave.” Golden v. New York City Dep’t of Envtl. Prot., No. 06 Civ. 1587,

, at *3 (S.D.N.Y. Dec. 3, 2007).

              4.      Reconsideration

       Finally, we conclude that the district court did not abuse its discretion in denying

Plaintiff’s Rule 60(b) motion because Plaintiff failed to show “exceptional circumstances”

warranting reconsideration of the district court’s order. See Ruotolo v. City of New York,

, 191 (2d Cir. 2008) (internal quotation marks omitted).

       We have considered all of Plaintiff’s remaining arguments on appeal and conclude



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that they are without merit. For the foregoing reasons, the judgment and order of the district

court are AFFIRMED.

                                    FOR THE COURT:
                                    CATHERINE O’HAGAN WOLFE, Clerk of Court


                                    By:__________________________




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