11-1707-cv
Gengo v. City Univ. of New York

                                      UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                                         FOR THE SECOND CIRCUIT

                                               SUMMARY ORDER
Rulings by summary order do not have precedential effect. Citation to a summary order filed
on or after January 1, 2007, is permitted and is governed by Federal Rule of Appellate
Procedure 32.1 and this court’s Local Rule 32.1.1. When citing a summary order in a document
filed with this court, a party must cite either the Federal Appendix or an electronic database
(with the notation “summary order”). A party citing a summary order must serve a copy of it
on any party not represented by counsel.

       At a stated term of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, held at
the Daniel Patrick Moynihan United States Courthouse, 500 Pearl Street, in the City of New
York, on the 15th day of June, two thousand twelve.

PRESENT:

           GUIDO CALABRESI,
           JOSÉ A. CABRANES,
           RAYMOND J. LOHIER, JR.,
                                Circuit Judges.
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PAUL J. GENGO,

                     Plaintiff-Appellant,

                     -v.-                                                                  No. 11-1707-cv

CITY UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK,

                     Defendant-Appellee.

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FOR APPELLANT:                                                                             WARREN S. HECHT, Forest Hills,
                                                                                           NY.

FOR APPELLEE:                                                                              ANN P. ZYBERT, Assistant Solicitor
                                                                                           General (Barbara D. Underwood,
                                                                                           Solicitor General, Richard
                                                                                           Dearing, Deputy Solicitor
                                                                                           General, of counsel), for Eric T.
                                                                                           Schneiderman, Attorney General

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                                                                        of the State of New York, New
                                                                        York, NY.


        Appeal from a judgment of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of New

York (Kiyo A. Matsumoto, Judge).

        UPON DUE CONSIDERATION, IT IS HEREBY ORDERED, ADJUDGED, AND

DECREED that the judgment of the District Court be AFFIRMED.

        Appellant Paul Gengo appeals from a judgment of the District Court granting the motion for

summary judgment of defendant City University of New York (“CUNY”). We assume the parties’

familiarity with the underlying facts and procedural history of this case.

        This appeal arises out of allegations that CUNY engaged in a systematic program of

discrimination and retaliation against Gengo, a former untenured member of the faculty at Queens

Community College, which ultimately concluded in denial of tenure and his termination as a faculty

member. Gengo, a 68-year-old Italian-American man, alleges that he requested promotion five times

between 2003 and 2006, and that each of his petitions was denied (1) because of CUNY’s invidious

discrimination against Italian-Americans, and (2) in retaliation for a successful claim of discrimination

Gengo brought in 1994. Soon after the fifth adverse decision from CUNY’s promotions board, Gengo

filed the instant complaint.

        This complaint was filed on February 16, 2007. The complaint asserts claims against CUNY

under Title VII, 42 U.S.C. § 2000e, et seq.; the Age Discrimination in Employment Act, 29 U.S.C. § 621;

the Employee Retirement Income Security Act, 29 U.S.C. §§ 1132, 1140; the New York State Human

Rights Law, N.Y. Executive Law § 296; and the New York City Human Rights Law, N.Y.C.

Administrative Code § 8-107. At the conclusion of discovery, defendant moved for summary judgment.

        On March 29, 2011, the District Court adopted a December 2, 2010 Report and

Recommendation issued by a Magistrate Judge to which the motion had been referred (Joan M. Azrack,

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Magistrate Judge) and granted the motion for summary judgment. Gengo v. City Univ. of N.Y., No. 07-cv-

681(KAM)(JMA), 

, at *9 (Mar. 29, 2011). The District Court first determined that the

promotion system that was allegedly biased against Gengo was controlled entirely by CUNY’s central

administration rather than QCC, and that therefore the appropriate defendant was the CUNY central

administration.1 

because CUNY’s central administration is an “arm[ ] of the

state” and therefore enjoyed sovereign immunity from suit, 

City Univ. of N.Y., 

(2d Cir. 2004)), the Court held that all but one of Gengo’s claims were barred by the Eleventh

Amendment.2 The District Court then addressed, in the alternative, the merits of each of Gengo’s

claims, and found them to be meritless. 

appeal followed. On appeal, Gengo makes five arguments: (1) CUNY (evidently meaning

Queens Community College) is not entitled to sovereign immunity; (2) the District Court erroneously

determined that he had not made out a prima facie case of discrimination; (3) the District Court

erroneously determined that he had not made out a prima facie case of retaliation; (4) the question of

whether CUNY’s stated reason for the alleged adverse employment action was mere pretext was a

question of fact not to be resolved on a motion for summary judgment; and (5) that, should we reject

the District Court’s conclusion that CUNY was entitled to sovereign immunity, we should remand his

action to the District Court with instructions to dismiss his NYCHRL claim without prejudice.

         We review the District Court’s grant of summary judgment de novo. See Weinstock v. Columbia

Univ., 

, 40 (2d Cir. 2000).




         1
             The District Court’s conclusion was informed in large part by an affidavit from the New York State Attorney
General’s Office stating that the party responsible for paying any judgment won by Gengo would be the State of New York,
rather than the City of New York. Gengo v. City Univ. of N.Y., No. 07-cv-681, 

, at *5–6 (March 29, 2011);
see Hess v. Port Auth. Trans–Hudson Corp., 

, 48 (1994); Pikulin v. City Univ. of N.Y., 

, 600 (2d Cir. 1999).
         2
           The District Court dismissed Gengo’s Title VII claims on their merits, as Title VII specifically abrogates state
sovereign immunity. Gengo, 

, at *3 n.4, 6, 8; see Fitzpatrick v. Bitzer, 

, 456 (1976).

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                                             CONCLUSION

       We have reviewed the record and Gengo’s arguments on appeal and have determined that they

are meritless. Accordingly, we AFFIRM the judgment of the District Court in its entirety, for

substantially the reasons stated by the District Court.



                                                FOR THE COURT,

                                                Catherine O’Hagan Wolfe, Clerk of Court




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