12-4348-cv
     Douglas v. Merck

                          UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                              FOR THE SECOND CIRCUIT

                                     SUMMARY ORDER
     RULINGS BY SUMMARY ORDER DO NOT HAVE PRECEDENTIAL EFFECT. CITATION TO A SUMMARY ORDER FILED
     ON OR AFTER JANUARY 1, 2007, IS PERMITTED AND IS GOVERNED BY FEDERAL RULE OF APPELLATE
     PROCEDURE 32.1 AND THIS COURT’S LOCAL RULE 32.1.1. WHEN CITING A SUMMARY ORDER IN A
     DOCUMENT FILED WITH THIS COURT, A PARTY MUST CITE EITHER THE FEDERAL APPENDIX OR AN
     ELECTRONIC DATABASE (WITH THE NOTATION “SUMMARY ORDER”). A PARTY CITING A SUMMARY ORDER MUST
     SERVE A COPY OF IT ON ANY PARTY NOT REPRESENTED BY COUNSEL.

 1            At a stated term of the United States Court of Appeals
 2       for the Second Circuit, held at the Thurgood Marshall United
 3       States Courthouse, 40 Foley Square, in the City of New York,
 4       on the 20th day of October, two thousand fourteen.
 5
 6       PRESENT: DENNIS JACOBS,
 7                GUIDO CALABRESI,
 8                CHRISTOPHER F. DRONEY,
 9                              Circuit Judges.
10
11       - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -X
12       JAMES R. HOLLON,
13                Plaintiff,
14
15       GARY J. DOUGLAS,
16                Appellant,
17
18                      -v.-                                             12-4348-cv
19
20       MERCK & CO., INC.,
21                Defendant-Appellee.
22       - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -X
23
24       FOR APPELLANT:                        MICHAEL S. ROSS, Law Offices of
25                                             Michael S. Ross, New York, New
26                                             York.
27


                                                  1
 1   FOR APPELLEE:              PAUL F. STRAIN (with David J.
 2                              Heubeck, Venable LLP, Baltimore,
 3                              Maryland, Theodore V.H. Mayer,
 4                              William J. Beausoleil, Hughes
 5                              Hubbard & Reed LLP, New York,
 6                              New York, John H. Beisner,
 7                              Jessica D. Miller, Skadden Arps
 8                              Slate Meagher & Flom LLP,
 9                              Washington, D.C., on the brief),
10                              Venable LLP, Baltimore,
11                              Maryland.
12
13        Appeal from a judgment of the United States District
14   Court for the Southern District of New York (Keenan, J.).
15
16        UPON DUE CONSIDERATION, IT IS HEREBY ORDERED, ADJUDGED
17   AND DECREED that the judgment of the district court be
18   VACATED AND REMANDED.
19
20        Gary J. Douglas appeals from the judgment of the United
21   States District Court for the Southern District of New York
22   (Keenan, J.), imposing sanctions on him for his conduct in
23   delivering his closing argument during a trial in which the
24   plaintiff alleged defective design of Fosamax, a drug
25   manufactured by Merck & Co., Inc. We assume the parties’
26   familiarity with the underlying facts, the procedural
27   history, and the issues presented for review.
28
29        The district court described Douglas’ closing argument
30   as having been given “in an agitated tone, scuttling about
31   the well of the courtroom, oddly gesturing, singing, and
32   laughing.” The court described his style as “aggressive and
33   boisterous,” even “manic.” Counsel for Merck called it
34   “vaudeville.”
35
36        After an order to show cause and a hearing, the
37   district court imposed sanctions on the ground that Douglas
38   acted contrary to an earlier ruling that “punitive damages
39   [were] out of the case,” when Douglas “insidiously sought to
40   inject [the issue of punitive damages] into the trial during
41   his summation.” The court concluded that Douglas’ intent
42   could be inferred from his remarks, which included urging
43   the jury to “say something to Merck,” and describing Merck’s
44   conduct as “reprehensible” and “disgusting.”
45
46        A district court has inherent power to impose sanctions
47   if: (1) the challenged claim was without a colorable basis

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 1   and (2) the claim was brought in bad faith. Wolters Kluwer
 2   Fin. Servs., Inc. v. Scivantage, 

, 114 (2d Cir.
 3   2009). “[A] claim is colorable when it has some legal and
 4   factual support, considered in light of the reasonable
 5   beliefs of the individual making the claim.” Schlaifer
 6   Nance & Co. v. Estate of Warhol, 

, 337 (2d Cir.
 7   1999) (internal quotation marks omitted).
 8
 9        “We review a district court’s decision to impose
10   sanctions under its inherent powers for abuse of discretion.
11   Even under this deferential standard of review, however,
12   this Court must be careful to ensure that any such decision
13   to sanction a[n] . . . attorney is made with restraint and
14   discretion.” Wilson v. Citigroup, N.A., 

, 723
15   (2d Cir. 2012) (per curiam) (internal citations and
16   quotation marks omitted). “Because the trial court imposing
17   sanctions may act as accuser, fact finder and sentencing
18   judge all in one, our review of such an order is more
19   exacting than under the ordinary abuse-of-discretion
20   standard.” Enmon v. Prospect Capital Corp., 

,
21   143 (2d Cir. 2012) (internal quotation marks, citations and
22   alterations omitted).
23
24        “Bad faith can be inferred when the actions taken are
25   so completely without merit.” 

26   (internal quotation marks omitted). But Douglas’ remarks in
27   summation are not self-evidently improper, and the district
28   court did not expressly link these remarks with other
29   behaviors or other factors that might bear upon the issue of
30   bad faith. In short, the district court did not make the
31   requisite “factual findings of bad faith . . . characterized
32   by a high degree of specificity.” 

reason, the
33   record is insufficient to support the requisite review.
34
35        For the foregoing reasons, we hereby VACATE and REMAND
36   the judgment of the district court.
37
38                              FOR THE COURT:
39                              CATHERINE O’HAGAN WOLFE, CLERK
40




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