Filed: Jan. 03, 2017
Latest Update: Mar. 03, 2020
Summary: 16-140-cv Certified Multi-Media v. Preferred Contractors UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE SECOND CIRCUIT SUMMARY ORDER RULINGS BY SUMMARY ORDER DO NOT HAVE PRECEDENTIAL EFFECT. CITATION TO A SUMMARY ORDER FILED ON OR AFTER JANUARY 1, 2007, IS PERMITTED AND IS GOVERNED BY FEDERAL RULE OF APPELLATE PROCEDURE 32.1 AND THIS COURT'S LOCAL RULE 32.1.1. WHEN CITING A SUMMARY ORDER IN A DOCUMENT FILED WITH THIS COURT, A PARTY MUST CITE EITHER THE FEDERAL APPENDIX OR AN ELECTRONIC DATABASE (WITH TH
Summary: 16-140-cv Certified Multi-Media v. Preferred Contractors UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE SECOND CIRCUIT SUMMARY ORDER RULINGS BY SUMMARY ORDER DO NOT HAVE PRECEDENTIAL EFFECT. CITATION TO A SUMMARY ORDER FILED ON OR AFTER JANUARY 1, 2007, IS PERMITTED AND IS GOVERNED BY FEDERAL RULE OF APPELLATE PROCEDURE 32.1 AND THIS COURT'S LOCAL RULE 32.1.1. WHEN CITING A SUMMARY ORDER IN A DOCUMENT FILED WITH THIS COURT, A PARTY MUST CITE EITHER THE FEDERAL APPENDIX OR AN ELECTRONIC DATABASE (WITH THE..
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16‐140‐cv
Certified Multi‐Media v. Preferred Contractors
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE SECOND CIRCUIT
SUMMARY ORDER
RULINGS BY SUMMARY ORDER DO NOT HAVE PRECEDENTIAL EFFECT. CITATION TO A SUMMARY
ORDER FILED ON OR AFTER JANUARY 1, 2007, IS PERMITTED AND IS GOVERNED BY FEDERAL RULE
OF APPELLATE PROCEDURE 32.1 AND THIS COURTʹS LOCAL RULE 32.1.1. WHEN CITING A
SUMMARY ORDER IN A DOCUMENT FILED WITH THIS COURT, A PARTY MUST CITE EITHER THE
FEDERAL APPENDIX OR AN ELECTRONIC DATABASE (WITH THE NOTATION ʺSUMMARY ORDERʺ). A
PARTY CITING A SUMMARY ORDER MUST SERVE A COPY OF IT ON ANY PARTY NOT REPRESENTED
BY COUNSEL.
At a stated term of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second
Circuit, held at the Thurgood Marshall United States Courthouse, 40 Foley Square, in
the City of New York, on the 3rd day of January, two thousand seventeen.
PRESENT: JOHN M. WALKER, JR.,
DENNY CHIN,
SUSAN L. CARNEY,
Circuit Judges.
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CERTIFIED MULTI‐MEDIA SOLUTIONS, LTD.,
Plaintiff‐Appellee,
ST. PAUL FIRE & MARINE INSURANCE
COMPANY, TRAVELERS,
Intervenor‐Plaintiff‐Appellee,
v. 16‐140‐cv
PREFERRED CONTRACTORS INSURANCE
COMPANY RISK RETENTION GROUP, LLC,
Defendant‐Appellant.
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FOR PLAINTIFF‐APPELLEE: ANITA NISSAN YEHUDA, Anita Nissan Yehuda,
P.C., Roslyn Heights, New York.
FOR INTERVENOR‐PLAINTIFF‐ THOMAS A. MARTIN (James M. Strauss, on the
brief), Putney Twombly Hall
APPELLEE: & Hirson LLP, New York, New York.
FOR DEFENDANT‐APPELLANT: CHERYL P. VOLLWEILER (Meryl R. Lieberman, on
the brief), Traub Lieberman Straus &
Shrewsberry LLP, Hawthorne, New York.
Appeal from the United States District Court for the Eastern District of
New York (Spatt, J.).
UPON DUE CONSIDERATION, IT IS HEREBY ORDERED,
ADJUDGED, AND DECREED that the judgment of the district court is AFFIRMED.
Defendant‐appellant Preferred Contractors Insurance Company Risk
Retention Group, LLC (ʺPCICʺ) appeals the district courtʹs judgment, entered January
29, 2016, resolving the underlying insurance action in favor of plaintiff‐appellee
Certified Multi‐Media Solutions, Ltd. (ʺCertifiedʺ) and intervenor‐plaintiff‐appellee St.
Paul Fire & Marine Insurance Company, Travelers (ʺTravelersʺ) (together, ʺplaintiffsʺ).
The parties dispute the scope of certain contractual provisions that purportedly limit
the amount of insurance coverage provided by PCIC to $10,000. We assume the partiesʹ
familiarity with the underlying facts, procedural history, and issues on appeal.
In 2008, non‐party Getronics USA Inc. (ʺGetronicsʺ) hired Certified, an
electrical contracting company, to provide electrical services at a shopping mall in the
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Bronx, New York. Getronics was insured under a commercial general liability policy
issued by Travelers.
On March 14, 2009, PCIC issued to Certified an insurance policy (the
ʺPolicyʺ) consisting of (1) a commercial general liability policy containing a standard set
of provisions and (2) a specific set of provisions known as the Manuscript Policy
Provisions, which included Endorsement 23.
On March 19, 2009, non‐party Anthony Balzano, an employee of Certified,
was injured while performing electrical work at the shopping mall. In New York state
court he sued the mall owner, the lessee of the premises, and the general contractor.
The lessee filed a third‐party complaint for, inter alia, breach of contract against
Certified and sought indemnification and contribution. The general contractor filed a
third‐party complaint for breach of contract and negligence against Getronics which, in
turn, filed a third‐party complaint against Certified for breach of contract and
negligence and sought indemnification. Certified sought coverage under the Policy for
its defense and directed Travelers, which was defending Getronics in litigation, to seek
indemnification from PCIC as well. PCIC informed Certified in January 2012 that,
pursuant to Endorsement 23 in the Policy, it would provide only up to $10,000 of
coverage, rather than the full coverage of $1 million, for the claims arising from
Balzanoʹs injuries.
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Certified filed this diversity action against PCIC in September 2014
seeking a declaratory judgment that the Policy provides up to $1 million in coverage
and that PCIC is required to defend and indemnify it in the state court litigation.
Travelers intervened and sought a declaratory judgment requiring PCIC also to pay its
defense and indemnity costs in the state court litigation. In December 2015, the district
court awarded summary judgment in favor of Certified, holding that, based on the
unambiguous and plain meaning of the Policy, the $10,000 cap on insurance coverage in
Endorsement 23 does not apply to the claims arising from Balzanoʹs injuries. The court
entered judgments for Certified and Travelers shortly thereafter.
We review an award of summary judgment de novo and will affirm only if
the record, viewed in the light most favorable to the party against whom judgment was
entered, shows that there are no genuine issues of material fact and that the moving
party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law. Barfield v. N.Y.C. Health & Hosps. Corp.,
537 F.3d 132, 140 (2d Cir. 2008).
In New York, ʺinsurance policies are interpreted according to general
rules of contract interpretation.ʺ Olin Corp. v. Am. Home Assurance Co., 704 F.3d 89, 98
(2d Cir. 2012). ʺ[T]he initial question for the court on a motion for summary judgment
with respect to a contract claim is whether the contract is unambiguous with respect to
the question disputed by the parties.ʺ Law Debenture Tr. Co. of N.Y. v. Maverick Tube
Corp., 595 F.3d 458, 465 (2d Cir. 2010) (internal quotation marks omitted). ʺLanguage
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whose meaning is otherwise plain does not become ambiguous merely because the
parties urge different interpretations in the litigation.ʺ Olin, 704 F.3d at 99 (quoting
Hunt Ltd. v. Lifshultz Fast Freight, Inc., 889 F.2d 1274, 1277 (2d Cir. 1989)). The court is to
give the words and phrases in a contract their plain meaning, construe the contract to
give full meaning and effect to all its provisions, and avoid contract interpretations that
render a clause superfluous or meaningless. Id.
If the disputed language in the contract is ambiguous in that it is
objectively and reasonably capable of more than one meaning in the context of the
entire agreement, the court may use extrinsic evidence to discern the partiesʹ intent at
contract formation and interpret the disputed language accordingly. Id. If the court still
cannot ascertain the partiesʹ intent, it may then apply other rules of contract
interpretation such as the New York rule resolving contractual ambiguity in favor of the
insured. Id.
In this case, the disputed language is contained in the coverage‐limiting
provisions in Endorsement 23, which is entitled ʺAction Overʺ:
Notwithstanding the limit of coverage shown in the Declarations and/or
Section III . . . , $10,000 only is the most we4 will pay as damages for any
and all claims, including any claim for contractual indemnification, arising
from or related to any ʺbodily injuryʺ, ʺproperty damageʺ or ʺpersonal
injuryʺ sustained by an employee of an insured while injured, harmed or
damaged in the scope of such employment.
In any action brought by such employee, if you5 are impleaded into said
action, or if any third party action over is commenced against you,
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irrespective of the claims or theories set forth therein, the $10,000 limit of
coverage as provided in this endorsement shall apply when:
1. The injury sustained by the employee is a ʺgrave injuryʺ as
defined by Section 11 of the New York State Workersʹ
Compensation Law, as follows: [list of qualifying injuries]; and
2. You are required by contract, regulation or law to be insured
under a workers’ compensation policy providing liability coverage
for claims arising from injuries to employees.
‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐
4 The words ʺweʺ and ʺourʺ refer to the company providing this insurance.
5 The words ʺyouʺ and ʺyourʺ refer to the Named Insured shown in the
Declarations, and any other person or organization qualifying as a Named
Insured under this policy.
J. App. at 97‐98. Footnote 5 defines ʺyouʺ to mean the ʺNamed Insured shown in the
Declarations,ʺ and ʺNamed Insuredʺ is defined in the Manuscript Policy Provisions as
ʺthe Member identified on the Declarations of the Policy.ʺ J. App. at 31, 97. The
ʺCommon Policy Declarationsʺ page identifies the ʺMemberʺ as Certified. J. App. at 23.
Although the parties agree that the second paragraph in Endorsement 23
does not apply in this action because Balzano did not suffer a ʺgrave injury,ʺ they
dispute whether the first paragraph, read in tandem with the second, imposes a $10,000
cap on damages for claims arising from Balzanoʹs bodily injuries. The crux of the
partiesʹ dispute is whether the phrase ʺan insuredʺ in the first paragraph extends to the
ʺNamed Insured,ʺ which in this case is Certified. PCIC contends that ʺan insuredʺ
includes the ʺNamed Insured,ʺ and that therefore the $10,000 cap applies as Balzano
was an employee of Certified. Plaintiffs counter that the phrase ʺan insuredʺ cannot be
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read to include the ʺNamed Insuredʺ because such a construction would render the
second paragraph superfluous.
The district court agreed with plaintiffs, concluding that (1) the plain
meaning of the language in the Policy was clear, (2) the Policy used the phrases ʺan
insuredʺ and the ʺNamed Insuredʺ to refer to different sets of entities, (3) the first
paragraph in Endorsement 23 applied the $10,000 cap to claims involving an employee
of ʺan insured,ʺ and (4) the second paragraph applied the $10,000 cap to claims
involving the ʺNamed Insured.ʺ See Parks Real Estate Purchasing Grp. v. St. Paul Fire &
Marine Ins. Co., 472 F.3d 33, 42 (2d Cir. 2006) (ʺWhen the provisions [in an insurance
contract] are unambiguous and understandable, courts are to enforce them as written.ʺ).
The district courtʹs reading makes sense. The first paragraph of
Endorsement 23 covers claims arising from injuries or property damage sustained ʺby
an employee of an insured,ʺ while the second paragraph applies ʺif you5 are impleaded
into said actionʺ or ʺif any third party action over is commenced against you.ʺ J. App. at
97. As noted, ʺyouʺ refers to the ʺNamed Insured shown in the Declarations,ʺ which is
Certified. Id. The use of ʺyouʺ indicates that the second paragraph applies specifically
to Certified, while the first paragraph applies generically to any insured. See Aramony v.
United Way of Am., 254 F.3d 403, 413 (2d Cir. 2001) (describing, as a rule of contract
interpretation, that specific language in a contract should be ʺgiven greater weightʺ than
general language). In addition, throughout the Policy there are references to the
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ʺNamed Insured,ʺ ʺInsured,ʺ and ʺNamed Insured and/or Insured,ʺ suggesting that the
two are distinct and not the same entities.
On the other hand, PCIC maintains that the definitional provisions in
Section II of the Policy suggest that where, as here, the Named Insured is a company or
organization, the ʺNamed Insuredʺ is included within the definition of ʺan insured.ʺ
Section II, entitled ʺWho Is An Insured,ʺ provides that:
1. If you are designated in the Declarations as:
a. An individual, you and your spouse are insureds, but only with
respect to the conduct of a business of which you are the sole
owner.
b. A partnership or joint venture, you are an insured. Your
members, your partners, and their spouses are also insureds,
but only with respect to the conduct of your business.
c. A limited liability company, you are an insured. Your members
are also insureds, but only with respect to the conduct of your
business. Your managers are insureds, but only with respect to
their duties as your managers.
d. An organization other than a partnership, joint venture or
limited liability company, you are an insured. Your ʺexecutive
officersʺ and directors are insureds, but only with respect to
their duties as your officers or directors. Your stockholders are
also insureds, but only with respect to their liability as
stockholders.
e. A trust, you are an insured. Your trustees are also insureds, but
only with respect to their duties as trustees.
J. App. at 43. The next subsection in Section II identifies other individuals ‐‐ such as
ʺvolunteer workersʺ ‐‐ covered by ʺan insured.ʺ PCIC focuses on the statements in
subsection 1 of Section II providing that ʺyou are an insuredʺ if ʺyouʺ are, for example, a
partnership, limited liability company, etc. As the Policy elsewhere explains, ʺ[t]he
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word ʹinsuredʹ means any person or organization qualifying as such under Section II –
Who Is An Insured.ʺ J. App. at 34. Because Certified is an organization designated in
the Declarations, this could suggest that it is both the ʺNamed Insuredʺ and ʺan insuredʺ
under the Policyʹs definitions.
Certified responds that the Manuscript Policy Provisions expressly
provide that their provisions and endorsements control, govern, and supersede any
conflicting or varying provisions in the commercial general liability policy. We agree
that this conflict provision makes clear that any inconsistencies between how the phrase
ʺan insuredʺ is defined or used in Section II and how it is defined or used in
Endorsement 23 are to be resolved by looking to the latter. Accordingly, while we find
Certifiedʹs reading more plausible, we need not reconcile the inconsistent usages of ʺan
insuredʺ and the ʺNamed Insured,ʺ as, by the plain language of the Policy, the
Manuscript Policy Provisions control.
As the district court concluded, PCICʹs reading of the Policy would render
the second paragraph superfluous. If ʺan insuredʺ in the first paragraph included the
Named Insured, there would be no need for the second paragraph. And PCICʹs reading
would create a contradiction, as the first paragraph would impose a $10,000 cap with
respect to Certified generally, while the second paragraph would impose a $10,000 cap
with respect to Certified only when there was a ʺgrave injury.ʺ Plaintiffsʹ reading of the
Policy avoids this contradiction and gives ready effect to both paragraphs in
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Endorsement 23. See Olin, 704 F.3d at 99 (ʺAny interpretation of a contract that ʹhas the
effect of rendering at least one clause superfluous or meaningless . . . is not preferred
and will be avoided if possible.ʹʺ (quoting LaSalle Bank Natʹl Assʹn v. Nomura Asset
Capital Corp., 424 F.3d 195, 206 (2d Cir. 2005))).
Accordingly, because Balzano was an employee of Certified and did not
suffer grave injuries, the $10,000 cap did not apply to claims arising from his injuries
and plaintiffs are entitled to up to $1 million in coverage under the Policy.
We have considered all of PCICʹs other arguments and find them to be
without merit. Accordingly, we AFFIRM the judgment of the district court.
FOR THE COURT:
Catherine OʹHagan Wolfe, Clerk
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