17-1553
    Dembski v. SEC


                      UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                          FOR THE SECOND CIRCUIT

                                    SUMMARY ORDER

RULINGS BY SUMMARY ORDER DO NOT HAVE PRECEDENTIAL EFFECT. CITATION TO A
SUMMARY ORDER FILED ON OR AFTER JANUARY 1, 2007, IS PERMITTED AND IS GOVERNED BY
FEDERAL RULE OF APPELLATE PROCEDURE 32.1 AND THIS COURT=S LOCAL RULE 32.1.1. WHEN
CITING A SUMMARY ORDER IN A DOCUMENT FILED WITH THIS COURT, A PARTY MUST CITE
EITHER THE FEDERAL APPENDIX OR AN ELECTRONIC DATABASE (WITH THE NOTATION
“SUMMARY ORDER”). A PARTY CITING TO A SUMMARY ORDER MUST SERVE A COPY OF IT ON
ANY PARTY NOT REPRESENTED BY COUNSEL.

          At a stated term of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second
    Circuit, held at the Thurgood Marshall United States Courthouse, 40 Foley
    Square, in the City of New York, on the 27th day of February, two thousand
    eighteen.

    PRESENT:
                 BARRINGTON D. PARKER,
                 PETER W. HALL,
                 RAYMOND J. LOHIER, JR.,
                     Circuit Judges.



    TIMOTHY S. DEMBSKI,

                      Petitioner,

                 v.                                         No. 17-1553-ag

    UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE
    COMMISSION,

                      Respondent.


    For Petitioner:            Paul Batista, Paul Batista, P.C., New York, NY.

    For Respondent:            Michael A. Conley, Solicitor, Dominick V. Freda,
                               Assistant General Counsel, John B. Capehart, Senior
                               Counsel, for Robert B. Stebbins, General Counsel,
                               Securities and Exchange Commission, Washington, D.C.

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      Petition for a review of a decision of the United States Securities and Exchange

Commission.

      UPON      DUE     CONSIDERATION,           IT   IS    HEREBY      ORDERED,

ADJUDGED, AND DECREED that the petition for review is DENIED.

      Petitioner Timothy S. Dembski petitions for review of a March 24, 2017

decision issued by the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC” or

the “Commission”) finding that he violated, and aided, abetted, and caused violations

of antifraud provisions of the federal securities laws and imposing remedial

sanctions. The SEC initiated an investigation of Dembski and his investment

advising firm, Reliance Financial Advisors, LLC, and then upheld an Administrative

Law Judge’s findings that Dembski violated Section 17(a)(2) of the Securities Act of

1933, Section 10(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and Exchange Act Rule

10b-5, and that Dembski violated Section 206 of the Investment Advisers Act of 1940

and Advisers Act Rule 206(4)-8, by making material misstatements and omissions in

the offer and sale of securities. The SEC barred Dembski for life from the securities

industry, ordered him to cease-and-desist from further securities law violations, and

imposed disgorgement plus prejudgment interest and two third-tier civil monetary

penalties. We assume the parties’ familiarity with the underlying facts, the

procedural history of the case, and the issues on appeal.

      We will affirm the Commission’s findings of fact if they are supported by

substantial evidence. VanCook v. SEC, 

, 137 (2d Cir. 2011); see MFS Sec.

Corp. v. SEC, 

, 617 (2d Cir. 2004). “Substantial evidence” is evidence



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that amounts to “more than a mere scintilla,” and has been defined as “such relevant

evidence as a reasonable mind might accept as adequate to support a conclusion.”

Richardson v. Perales, 

, 401 (1971) (quoting Consolidated Edison Co. v.

NLRB, 

, 229 (1938)). Under the Administrative Procedure Act, which

applies to our review of Commission orders, we will set aside the actions, findings, or

conclusions of law only if they are “arbitrary, capricious, an abuse of discretion, or

otherwise not in accordance with law.” 5 U.S.C. § 706(2)(A); see D’Alessio v. SEC, 

, 120 (2d Cir. 2004). We will not disturb the Commission’s choice of sanction

unless it is “unwarranted in law or without justification in fact.” 

(quoting Butz v. Glover Livestock Comm’n Co., 

, 186 (1973)).

      In order to establish primary liability under Section 10(b) and Rule 10b‐5, the

SEC must show “that in connection with the purchase or sale of a security the

defendant [here Dembski], acting with scienter, made a material misrepresentation

(or a material omission if the defendant had a duty to speak) or used a fraudulent

device.” SEC v. First Jersey Sec., Inc., 

, 1467 (2d Cir. 1996). A violation

under Section 17(a)(2) does not require scienter. In re David Henry Disraeli, Release

No. 2686, 

, at *5 (Dec. 21, 2007). Facts supporting a Securities Act

Section 17(a) or an Exchange Act Section 10(b) violation by an investment adviser

will also support a showing of a Section 206 violation under the Advisers Act. SEC v.

Haligiannis, 

, 383 (S.D.N.Y. 2007). Advisers Act Section 206

therefore “prohibits failures to disclose material information, not just affirmative

frauds.” Disraeli, 

, at *8; see also SEC v. Capital Gains Research



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Bureau, Inc., 

, 191–92 (1963). Scienter is required for a Section 206(1)

violation but need not be found for a violation of Sections 206(2) or (4). Disraeli, 

, at *8.

      At the initial hearing, the ALJ heard eleven fact witnesses, one expert witness,

and admitted 296 exhibits. See In re Reliance Financial Advisors, LLC, SEC Release

No. 941, 

, at *1 (ALJ Jan. 11, 2016). Substantial and probative

evidence supports the Commission’s findings that Dembski made, or caused to be

made, a significant number of false statements or misrepresentations to his client-

investors. Eight of the nineteen client-investor witnesses all provided consistent and

overlapping accounts of the multiple misrepresentations that Dembski made to them

regarding investing in the Prestige Fund (the Fund) and the “tested and proven” low-

risk associated therewith. See 

*7–13; see also Markowski v. SEC, 

, 104–05 (2d Cir. 1994). Those misrepresentations included, but were not limited

to, informing the client-investors that the Fund was FDIC-insured, that Dembski was

working on patenting the algorithm, that backtesting of the algorithm involved real

trades and orders and was tested and proven to demonstrate losses would be limited

to 1%, that investments in the Fund could be withdrawn at any time, and that the

Fund’s daily trading would be run by someone with significant experience in

securities trading. Reliance Financial Advisors, 

, at *13–14.

      Substantial evidence also supports the Commission’s findings that the

misrepresentations were material and that Dembski made them with scienter or

recklessly. See Basic Inc. v. Levinson, 

, 231–32 (1988) (stating a



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misrepresentation is material if there is “a substantial likelihood that the disclosure

of the omitted fact would have been viewed by the reasonable investor as having

significantly altered the ‘total mix’ of information made available” (internal quotation

marks omitted)); First Jersey Sec., 

(“Scienter, as used in

connection with the securities fraud statutes, means intent to deceive, manipulate,

or defraud; or at least knowing misconduct.” (citations omitted)). The client-investor

testimony was corroborated by the testimony of Dembski’s partners in Reliance and

the Fund, who confirmed Dembski made the false statements knowingly or

negligently with the intent to induce his clients to invest in the Fund. See Reliance

Financial Advisors, 

, at *3–6, *13–14. The documentary exhibits

further demonstrated that Dembski knowingly submitted false information about

Stephan’s work experience to be included in the private placement memorandum for

the same purpose. The witness testimony and the documentary evidence constitute

substantial evidence supporting the Commission’s findings that Dembski, with intent

to deceive, manipulate, or defraud, made material misrepresentations either

recklessly or with scienter. 

; First Jersey Sec., 

. As both co-founder and managing member of the Fund, Dembski was liable

for his own material misrepresentations and those of the Fund that were made in his

capacity as an investment adviser. See Abrahamson v. Fleschner, 

, 870

(2d Cir. 1977).

      In challenging the Commission’s Opinion and Order, Dembski asserts that

every witness, other than he, who took the stand at the hearing before the ALJ



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committed perjury. We decline, however, to disturb credibility determinations on

appeal absent a showing that the factfinder’s decision was “arbitrary, capricious, an

abuse of discretion, or otherwise not in accordance with law.” See 

(quoting 5 U.S.C. § 706(2)). Dembski makes no such showing here.

      Dembski’s reliance on advice of his counsel is similarly unavailing. To invoke

this principle, Dembski would need to show “that he made complete disclosure to

counsel, sought advice as to the legality of his conduct, received advice that his

conduct was legal, and relied on that advice in good faith.” 

–05. Dembski does not meet that test here. And even if these prerequisites were

satisfied, such reliance is not a complete defense, but only one factor for consideration.

of the substantial evidence supporting the Commission’s findings in this

case, Dembski’s reliance upon advice of counsel, even if established, would not furnish

a ground for reversal.

      Finally, Dembski challenges the sanctions as too severe and contends that the

Commission abused its discretion in affirming the sanctions but increasing the civil

penalty. However, we will not overturn the setting of sanctions by an administrative

body unless the sanctions are “unwarranted in law or without justification in fact.”

  (quoting 

). The Commission found

that the egregiousness of Dembski’s misconduct and the need for appropriate

deterrence warranted the sanctions imposed. We affirm the sanctions as both

warranted in law and justified in fact.




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Accordingly, we DENY the petition for review.

                               FOR THE COURT:
                               Catherine O’Hagan Wolfe, Clerk




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