19-1560
1199 SEIU United Healthcare Workers E. v. Alaris Health at Hamilton Park

                               UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                                   FOR THE SECOND CIRCUIT

                                          SUMMARY ORDER

RULINGS BY SUMMARY ORDER DO NOT HAVE PRECEDENTIAL EFFECT. CITATION TO A
SUMMARY ORDER FILED ON OR AFTER JANUARY 1, 2007, IS PERMITTED AND IS GOVERNED
BY FEDERAL RULE OF APPELLATE PROCEDURE 32.1 AND THIS COURT’S LOCAL RULE 32.1.1.
WHEN CITING A SUMMARY ORDER IN A DOCUMENT FILED WITH THIS COURT, A PARTY
MUST CITE EITHER THE FEDERAL APPENDIX OR AN ELECTRONIC DATABASE (WITH THE
NOTATION “SUMMARY ORDER”). A PARTY CITING A SUMMARY ORDER MUST SERVE A COPY
OF IT ON ANY PARTY NOT REPRESENTED BY COUNSEL.


        At a stated Term of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, held at the
Thurgood Marshall United States Courthouse, 40 Foley Square, in the City of New York on the
17th day of June, two thousand twenty.

Present:    ROSEMARY S. POOLER,
            REENA RAGGI,
            WILLIAM J. NARDINI,
                        Circuit Judges.
_____________________________________________________

1199 SEIU UNITED HEALTHCARE WORKERS EAST,

                                           Petitioner-Appellee,
                 v.

ALARIS HEALTH AT HAMILTON PARK AND
CONFIDENCE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS, LLC,

                                  Respondents-Appellants,                      19-1560-cv
and

ATRIUM AT HAMILTON PARK,

                        Intervenor-Defendant-Appellant.
_____________________________________________________

Appearing for Appellant:          Katherine H. Hansen, Gladstein, Reif & Meginniss, LLP (Kent Y.
                                  Hirozawa, on the brief), New York, N.Y.

Appearing for Appellee:           David F. Jasinski, Jasinski, P.C. (Jennifer C. Van Syckle, on the
                                  brief), Newark, N.J.


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Appeal from the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York (Rakoff, J.).

     ON CONSIDERATION WHEREOF, IT IS HEREBY ORDERED, ADJUDGED,
AND DECREED that the order of said District Court be and it hereby is AFFIRMED.

        Alaris Health at Hamilton Park, Confidence Management Systems, LLC (“CMS”), and
Atrium at Hamilton Park (together, “Appellants”) appeal from the May 16, June 20, and June 24,
2019 final orders of the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York
(Rakoff, J.), holding Alaris and CMS in contempt for their failure to comply with a confirmed
arbitration award, and awarding 1199 SEIU United Healthcare Workers East (“Union”)
attorneys’ fees as a contempt sanction. We assume the parties’ familiarity with the underlying
facts, procedural history, and specification of issues for review.

         The power to punish parties for contempt is inherent in all courts, and “[a] sanction
imposed to compel obedience to a lawful court order or to provide compensation to a
complaining party is civil” in nature. N.Y. State Nat’l Org. for Women v. Terry, 

,
1351 (2d Cir. 1989). Orders of contempt are reviewed for abuse of discretion. OSRecovery, Inc.
v. One Groupe Int’l, Inc., 

, 93 (2d Cir. 2006). However, “because the power of a
district court to impose contempt liability is carefully limited, our review of a contempt order for
abuse of discretion is more rigorous than would be the case in other situations in which abuse-of-
discretion review is conducted.”

marks and citation omitted).

        A court may hold a party in contempt if the court determines that “(1) the order the party
failed to comply with is clear and unambiguous, (2) the proof of noncompliance is clear and
convincing, and (3) the party has not diligently attempted to comply in a reasonable manner.”
CBS Broad. Inc. v. FilmOn.com, Inc., 

, 98 (2d Cir. 2016). Civil contempt sanctions
serve two purposes: to coerce a party into compliance, or to compensate the adverse parties for
any losses suffered as a result of the lack of compliance. See United States v. United Mine
Workers of Am., 

, 303-04 (1947). The latter purpose is “met by awarding to the
plaintiff any proven damages,” including “appropriate attorney fees and costs to a victim of
contempt.” Weitzman v. Stein, 

, 719 (2d Cir. 1996). Independent of the contempt
regime, a district court may also assess attorneys’ fees when a party has acted in bad faith,
vexatiously, wantonly, or for oppressive reasons. Chambers v. NASCO, Inc., 

, 45
(1991).

       The district court did not abuse its discretion in sanctioning Alaris and CMS for
contempt. The district court’s confirmation order was not ambiguous, and Appellants did not
suggest that it was until two and a half months after that order was issued, when the Union
moved for contempt. In any event, the district court clarified Appellants’ obligations under the
confirmed award in its January 29, 2019 order. Even assuming the district court’s confirmation
order was ambiguous as to what was required by the arbitration award, the district court’s
subsequent orders, including the January 29, 2019, were patently clear, and it took months for
Appellants to comply.

       Appellants also argue that the court improperly resolved certain wage-related disputes,
because the parties’ collective bargaining agreement makes arbitration the exclusive remedy for


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settling disputes about express terms or conditions of the agreement, and because the arbitration
award directed that disputes over past damages be adjudicated in an arbitration proceeding. As to
the collective bargaining agreement, that agreement’s exclusive remedy provision explicitly
exempts actions, like the Union’s action here, to “enforce, vacate or modify awards.” App’x
520. As to the arbitration award’s direction, Appellants did not dispute the appropriate wage
rates until months after the district court ordered Appellants to pay employees at those rates.
Thus, the district court properly concluded that any objection to the rates was waived. Moreover,
the dispute concerned not only the employees’ past damages, but the appropriate relief for these
employees on a going-forward basis. Accordingly, the court did not exceed his authority in
addressing the wage disputes.

        Nor do we find the sanction imposed improperly punitive. Appellants contend that the
court did not impose the sanction for a proper coercive or compensatory purpose, but instead
merely because Appellants took too long to comply with its orders. To the contrary, months
before it issued its contempt finding and fee award the district court made clear that that it
planned to consider the Union’s request for attorneys’ fees:

               As a final point, the Union has indicated that it would like to move
               for an award of attorneys’ fees in connection with its prosecution of
               the instant sanctions motions. Although a motion for attorneys’ fees
               would be far from frivolous in these circumstances, the Court
               declines to entertain the request at this time. Not only are the
               document-production issues arising out of the Court’s September 16
               Order still unresolved, but the Union has also indicated that
               respondents may (still) be violating the Court’s August 31 Order. As
               such, to avoid serial requests for attorneys’ fees, the Court will
               reserve the issue for now, without prejudice to the Union renewing
               it at a later date.

App’x at 71-72.

        “Judicial sanctions in civil contempt proceedings may, in a proper case, be employed for
either or both of two purposes; to coerce the defendant into compliance with the court’s order,
and to compensate the complainant for losses sustained.” F.T.C. v. Verity Int’l, Ltd., 

,
70 (2d Cir. 2006) (internal quotation marks omitted). The sanctions imposed here were proper
for both purposes. After exhibiting considerable patience, the district court imposed a series of
escalating sanctions designed to compel compliance with its orders. That is the definition of a
coercive sanction. Subsequently, the district court ensured that the sanctions also served a
compensatory purpose by ordering that they be paid to the opposing party (rather than to the
court) to offset fees incurred in seeking compliance. That is a classic compensatory sanction.
The $100,000 award — half of what the Union requested, and a third of the tab for the coercive
sanctions initially imposed — was entirely within the bounds of the district court’s discretion.

       Finally, Appellants argue in their reply brief that a compensatory contempt sanction
cannot be awarded in the absence of a finding of willfulness. We need not address this argument
because “[i]ssues raised for the first time in a reply brief are generally deemed waived.” Conn.


                                                3
Bar Ass’n v. United States, 

, 91 n.13 (2d Cir. 2010). In any event, we have stated
previously that “willfulness may not necessarily be a prerequisite to an award of attorneys’ fees
and costs” for contempt, although such a finding “strongly supports granting them.” 

.

        We have considered the remainder of Appellants’ arguments and find them to be without
merit. Accordingly, the order of the district court hereby is AFFIRMED.

                                                     FOR THE COURT:
                                                     Catherine O’Hagan Wolfe, Clerk




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