Opinions of the United
2004 Decisions                                                                                                             States Court of Appeals
                                                                                                                              for the Third Circuit


9-30-2004

Valdivia v. Atty Gen USA
Precedential or Non-Precedential: Non-Precedential

Docket No. 03-2497




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                                               NOT PRECEDENTIAL

      UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
           FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT


              Nos. 03-2497 and 03-3406




               GUSTAVO VALDIVIA,

                                Petitioner

                           v.

JOHN ASHCROFT, Attorney General of the United States

                                Respondent




     On Petition for Review of an Order Entered in
          The Board of Immigration Appeals
                  (No. A 29-744-464)




      Submitted Under Third Circuit LAR 34.1(a)
                 September 17, 2004


 Before: ALITO, AMBRO and FISHER, Circuit Judges


             (Filed: September 30, 2004)




                      OPINION
AM BRO, Circuit Judge

       Gustavo Valdivia 1 seeks review of the decision of the Board of Immigration

Appeals (“Board”) affirming the decision by an Immigration Judge (“IJ”) terminating

conditional permanent resident status and ordering him to be removed based on the

finding that his marriage to a United States citizen was not bona fide. Valdivia also seeks

review of the denial by the Board of his motion to reconsider its earlier decision. Because

we conclude that (i) the IJ’s decision was supported by substantial evidence and (ii)

Valdivia failed to demonstrate that the Board abused its discretion in denying his motion

to reconsider, we affirm.

                            I. Factual and Procedural History

        Valdivia is a native and citizen of Peru. He married a U.S. citizen, Olga Lopez,

in 1990. This was but a month after they met. Valdivia claims that they were introduced

through common friends and corresponded approximately five or six months before

Lopez traveled to Peru and married him. At the time of their marriage, Lopez was

pregnant with a child from another relationship. Valdivia claims that he was not aware of

her pregnancy then.

       Shortly after their marriage, Lopez filed an immigrant visa petition on behalf of

Valdivia at the U.S. Embassy in Lima, Peru. The petition was denied. Shortly thereafter




  1
   The record before us uniformly shows that the Appellant’s last name is “Valdivia,”
even though it is spelled as “Valdiva” on the cover of the Appellant’s Brief.

                                             2
Lopez came back to the United States and filed another visa petition on behalf of Valdivia

without disclosing her initial petition. Valdivia was granted conditional permanent

resident status based on this second petition and entered the United States in 1992. Then,

according to Valdivia, Lopez, her daughter, and he lived in one room at his brother’s

apartment in New Jersey for almost a year until they were separated due to marital

difficulties.

       In 1994, Valdivia and Lopez jointly moved to remove the conditional status of

Valdivia’s residency. The Immigration and Naturalization Service (“INS”) 2 denied the

petition, concluding that the marriage was entered only for the purpose of procuring an

immigration benefit. Subsequently, Valdivia and Lopez were divorced and Valdivia

applied for a waiver of the joint petition requirement based upon the good faith of his

marriage to Lopez. The INS again denied Valdivia’s application. In 1996, Valdivia

married Josefina Valdivia, who was then a permanent resident in the United States.

       The INS began removal proceedings against Valdivia in December 1997. In

October 1999, the IJ ordered him removed to Peru, ruling that his conditional permanent

resident status was terminated as of January 30, 1994. The IJ found that his marriage to

Lopez was for immigration purposes only. She pointed to inconsistencies in Valdivia’s

testimony and noted that there was no evidence other than Valdivia’s own testimony that



  2
  On March 1, 2003, the INS ceased to exist as an independent agency within the
Department of Justice. It is currently called U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services, a
Bureau of the Department of Homeland Security.

                                             3
he ever lived with Lopez.

         In December 2001, after Josefina acquired U.S. citizenship, she filed an

immigration petition on behalf of Valdivia. That petition was approved. He then moved

the Board to remand the case to the IJ to enable him to pursue adjustment of status to a

permanent resident based on the approved petition. In April 2003, the Board, among

other things, summarily denied Valdivia’s motion to remand. He filed a petition for

review with our Court and a motion to reconsider with the Board. In July 2003, the Board

denied Valdivia’s motion to reconsider. Valdivia also appealed that decision. Here we

consider both appeals.3

                                  II. Standard of Review

         In the context of the removal proceedings, the Immigration and Nationality Act

(“INA”), as amended by the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility

Act, permits us to consider “only . . . the administrative record on which the order of

removal is based” in evaluating an applicant’s petition for review of a final order of

removal. INA § 242(b)(4)(A), 8 U.S.C. § 1252(b)(4)(A). Morever, “administrative

findings of fact are conclusive unless any reasonable adjudicator would be compelled to

conclude to the contrary.” INA § 242(b)(4)(B), 8 U.S.C. § 1252(b)(4)(B).

         Our review of the Board’s denial of Valdivia’s motion to reconsider is for abuse of

discretion. INS v. Doherty, 

, 323 (1992). The Board abuses its discretion



  3
      We have jurisdiction under 8 U.S.C. § 1252(a)(1).

                                              4
when it applies an incorrect legal principle or makes factual findings that are arbitrary and

capricious or lacking in substantial evidence. Tipu v. INS, 

, 582 (3d Cir.

1994).

                                       III. Discussion

         Valdivia argues at the outset that the IJ erred in finding that his marriage to Lopez

was in bad faith. As noted above, we will affirm the Board’s decision upholding the IJ’s

findings unless the record compels a contrary decision.

         Valdivia essentially challenges a piece of evidence in the record: the results of the

INS investigation. The INS investigator, among other things, reported the following: He

went to the apartment building in New Jersey where Valdivia claimed that he lived with

Lopez and her daughter for almost a year before they separated. The investigator

interviewed two individuals sitting on the front porch who identified themselves as

neighbors. Both of them recognized a photo of Valdivia but not of Lopez. They both

told the investigator that Valdivia lived with Hispanic males only.

         Valdivia claims that the investigation was seriously flawed because one of the

interviewees refused to give her name and the investigator did nothing to verify that the

interviewees actually lived in that neighborhood. The IJ’s order shows, however, that the

IJ was well aware of these “deficiencies” of the investigation and evaluated the reliability

of the investigation results rather than blindly relying on them. Moreover, the IJ gave

several other reasons for reaching her decision. For example, she noted that Valdivia’s



                                                5
credibility was undercut by his inability to remember the age of Lopez’s daughter at the

time they were supposedly living together and his confusion about the date of his

marriage to Lopez. Although Valdivia claimed that he lived with Lopez for almost a

year, he failed to corroborate this assertion with any evidence, either documentary or

testimonial. Furthermore, the IJ pointed to the suspicious circumstances surrounding his

marriage: for example, Lopez and her friend flew together to Peru, both married Valdivia

and his friend respectively, and each couple was interviewed for a U.S. visa at the same

time.

        Valdivia points out that he submitted photographs from his wedding. The pictures

might be, if anything, evidence to show that the marriage actually took place, but they do

not support the claim that the marriage was bona fide. Similarly, the fact that Valdivia

can allege a legitimate reason for the break-up of the marriage—economic

hardship— does not make his marriage any more genuine.

        Based on this evidence, the IJ not only found that the marriage was not in good

faith, but concluded that it was for immigration purposes only. We hold that the record

does not compel the contrary conclusion.

        Because we conclude that Valdivia’s marriage was not entered in good faith, his

alternative argument, that the waiver of the joint petition requirement should have been

granted, is also unavailing. Valdivia agrees that, for the waiver provision to apply,

“the . . . marriage [should have been] entered into in good faith by the alien spouse,” but



                                             6
has been terminated through no fault of him/her. INA § 216(c)(4)(B), 8 U.S.C. §

1186a(c)(4)(B) (emphasis added); Appellant’s Brief at 22. That, we have concluded, is a

finding we do not disturb.

       Lastly, Valdivia asks us to review the Board’s refusal to reconsider its initial denial

of his motion to remand. W e will reverse the Board’s decision only if it is “arbitrary,

irrational or contrary to law.” 

(quoting So Chun Chung v. INS, 

, 612 (3d Cir. 1979)).

       Valdivia’s motion to remand was based on the approved immigrant visa petition

filed by his second wife, i.e., he was determined by the INS to be eligible for the

immigrant status he sought. The Board, however, was correct in finding that Valdivia

was prima facie ineligible to be approved as the beneficiary of a visa petition filed by his

second wife because he entered into his prior marriage for immigration purposes only.

See INA § 204(c)(2), 8 U.S.C. § 1154(c) (“[N]o petition [based on an immediate relative

status to a U.S. citizen] shall be approved if (1) the alien has previously been accorded, or

has sought to be accorded, an immediate relative or preference status as the spouse of a

citizen of the United States or the spouse of an alien lawfully admitted for permanent

residence, by reason of a marriage determined by the Attorney General to have been

entered into for the purpose of evading the immigration laws, or (2) the Attorney General

has determined that the alien has attempted or conspired to enter into a marriage for the

purpose of evading the immigration laws.”).



                                              7
       Although the immigrant petition for relative filed by Valdivia’s second wife was

approved, that approval was issued before the Board made a final determination that the

prior marriage was not bona fide. The statute is clear that once an alien entered into a

marriage for immigration purposes only, s/he is not given a second chance. As we agree

with the Board’s finding of prior bad faith marriage, we cannot conclude that the Board’s

decision was contrary to law when it determined that Valdivia was prima facie ineligible

for acquiring immigrant status based on his second marriage. While we might hope that

something can be done to ameliorate Valdivia’s plight (as his second marriage appears to

be in good faith), we cannot say in this case that the Board abused its discretion in

denying the motion to reconsider.

                                      IV. Conclusion

       For the foregoing reasons, we deny Valdivia’s petitions for review of the decisions

of the Board of Immigration Appeals.




                                              8