Opinions of the United
2004 Decisions                                                                                                             States Court of Appeals
                                                                                                                              for the Third Circuit


11-8-2004

Page v. Pittsburgh
Precedential or Non-Precedential: Non-Precedential

Docket No. 03-4153




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                                                              NOT PRECEDENTIAL

                       UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                            FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT


                                    No. 03-4153


                               CHARLOTTE PAGE,
                                           Appellant

                                          v.

                  CITY OF PITTSBURGH; KATHLEEN KRAUS,
                        individually and as Acting Director
                           of Public Safety Department


           APPEAL FROM THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
            FOR THE WESTERN DISTRICT OF PENNSYLVANIA
                          D.C. Civil No. 02-cv-01945
               District Judge: The Honorable Robert J. Cindrich


                     Submitted Under Third Circuit LAR 34.1(a)
                                September 30, 2004


              Before: ROTH, BARRY, and CHERTOFF, Circuit Judges


                         (Opinion Filed: November 8, 2004)


                                      OPINION


BARRY, Circuit Judge

      Charlotte Page appeals the District Court’s September 18, 2003 order granting the
City of Pittsburgh’s motion for summary judgment on Page’s hostile work environment

claim. We have jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291.

       Summary judgment is appropriate when a party “fails to make a showing sufficient

to establish the existence of an element essential to that party's case, and on which that

party will bear the burden of proof at trial.” Celotex Corp. v. Catrett, 

, 322

(1986). For purposes of this appeal, we must view the record in the light most favorable

to Page, the non-moving party, drawing from the evidence any reasonable inferences

which support her claim. Debiec v. Cabot Corp., 

, 128 n.3 (3d Cir. 2003).

Our review is plenary. Knabe v. Boury Corp., 

, 410 n.4 (3d Cir. 1997).

                                              I.

       The parties are well acquainted with the factual and procedural background of this

case, and therefore we will limit our discussion of the record to those facts bearing

directly on our disposition of this appeal. 1 Page, an African-American woman, was hired

by the City’s Bureau of Police in 1993. Page claims that, during a three-month period

beginning in October 1995, she was subjected to a hostile work environment in violation

of the rights afforded her by Title VII. Specifically, Page alleges that her fellow officers

repeatedly targeted her for harassment on the basis of her race and that this activity was



   1
    As the District Court noted, defendant Kathleen Kraus was entitled to summary
judgment on a narrower and independent basis. We have held that only employers, and
not individual employees, may be held liable under Title VII. Sheridan v. E.I. DuPont de
Nemours & Co., 

, 1077-78 (3d Cir. 1996) (en banc). Page has not
challenged this aspect of the District Court’s decision.

                                              2
either ignored or condoned by her supervisors. As a result of the alleged harassment, she

stopped coming to work on December 31, 1995.

       The District Court concluded that there was insufficient evidence, as a matter of

law, to establish severe and pervasive discrimination or objectively detrimental working

conditions, and that there was no basis for respondeat superior liability. We agree.

Accordingly, we will affirm.

                                              II.

       The elements of a hostile work environment claim brought under Title VII are well

established. A plaintiff seeking to hold her employer liable must prove, as relevant here:

(1) that she suffered intentional discrimination because of her race; (2) that the

discrimination was pervasive and regular; (3) that the discrimination detrimentally

affected the plaintiff; (4) that the discrimination would have detrimentally affected a

reasonable person of the same race as the plaintiff, in like position; and (5) a basis for

respondeat superior liability. See Kunin v. Sears Roebuck & Co., 

, 293 (3d

Cir. 1999) (citing Andrews v. City of Philadelphia, 

, 1482 (3d Cir. 1990)).

The Supreme Court has made clear that “‘simple teasing,’ offhand comments, and

isolated incidents (unless extremely serious)” are not actionable under Title VII.

Faragher v. City of Boca Raton, 

, 788 (1998) (internal citation omitted).

Instead, the harassing behavior must be “sufficiently severe or pervasive to alter the

conditions of [plaintiff’s] employment.” Pennsylvania State Police v. Suders, 

2342, 2347 (2004) (quoting Meritor Sav. Bank, FSB v. Vinson, 

, 67 (1986)).

       We agree with the District Court that Page has not produced evidence of pervasive

and regular harassment premised on her race. Page’s allegations of discrimination are

limited to a series of isolated incidents, all occurring in the month of October 1995,2

interspersed with a melange of complaints having little or nothing to do with race. This

evidence falls far short of establishing a regular pattern of discrimination. Cf. Aman v.

Cort Furniture Rental Corp., 

, 1082 (3d Cir. 1996) (finding that summary

judgment was inappropriate in a hostile work environment case where plaintiffs alleged

that they were consistently harassed by their co-workers over a six-year period). In

addition, none of the discriminatory incidents that Page cites were sufficiently severe,

given the lack of regularity, to be actionable under Title VII. See Harris v. Forklift Sys.,

Inc., 

, 23 (1993) (distinguishing “physically threatening or humiliating”

statements from “mere offensive utterance[s]”). For the same reasons, Page has failed to

demonstrate that the alleged discrimination would have detrimentally affected a



   2
    Page attempts to stretch the relevant period by claiming that the initiation of
disciplinary proceedings against her in December 1995, in connection with the incident at
Woodson’s Bar and Grill, was an exercise in bad faith discipline. There is no evidence
that Sergeant Lisiecki’s non-discriminatory reason for filing the Disciplinary Action
Report was pretextual. Moreover, we decline Page’s invitation to consider what Lisiecki
did as part of a “complex tapestry of discrimination,” see Aman v. Cort Furniture Rental
Corp., 

, 1083-84 (3d Cir. 1996), particularly given that Lisiecki was in no
way connected to any of the allegedly discriminatory October incidents. For similar
reasons, we agree with the District Court that no reasonable jury could conclude that
Sergeant Winkler’s decision to criticize Page’s report writing at roll call on October 2,
1995 was motivated by any kind of impermissible animus.

                                              4
reasonable person in her position.3 Finally, in light of the foregoing, Page has failed to

allege a cognizable basis for imputing liability to the City.

       We will affirm the District Court’s order of September 18, 2003.




   3
    It follows that Page’s alternative claim that she was constructively discharged
necessarily fails. See Goss v. Exxon Office Sys. Co., 

, 888 (3d Cir. 1984)
(requiring a plaintiff claiming constructive discharge to demonstrate the existence of
discriminatory working conditions “so intolerable that a reasonable person subject to
them would resign”).