Opinions of the United
2005 Decisions                                                                                                             States Court of Appeals
                                                                                                                              for the Third Circuit


5-3-2005

Watkins v. Comm Social Security
Precedential or Non-Precedential: Non-Precedential

Docket No. 04-3266




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                                             NOT PRECEDENTIAL

        UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
             FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT


                     No. 04-3266


                YVONNE WATKINS
                 o/b/o Roland Offley

                           v.

       COMMISSIONER OF SOCIAL SECURITY

                    Yvonne Watkins,
                               Appellant


APPEAL FROM THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
        FOR THE DISTRICT OF NEW JERSEY
                D.C. Civil No. 01-cv-04351
    District Judge: The Honorable William J. Martini


       Submitted Under Third Circuit LAR 34.1(a)
                    April 7, 2005


Before: BARRY, AMBRO, and GREENBERG, Circuit Judges


                 (Filed: May 3, 2005)


                      OPINION
BARRY, Circuit Judge

       This is an appeal from a final order of the United States District Court for the

District of New Jersey affirming the decision of the Commissioner of the Social Security

Administration (“Commissioner”). The Commissioner denied the application filed by

Yvonne Watkins (“Watkins”) on behalf of her grandson, Roland Offley (“Roland”), for

supplemental security income (“SSI”) benefits under Title XVI of the Social Security Act.

The primary issue raised in this appeal is whether substantial evidence supports the

conclusion that Roland is not disabled.

                                    I. BACKGROUND

       Because we write only for the benefit of the parties, we will limit our discussion to

those facts bearing directly on our disposition of this appeal. The District Court had

jurisdiction pursuant to 42 U.S.C. §§ 405(g) and 1383(c)(3). We have jurisdiction

pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1291. We must affirm the District Court if it correctly found the

decision of the Commissioner to be supported by substantial evidence. 42 U.S.C. §

405(g); Jones v. Barnhart, 

, 503 (3d Cir. 2004). Substantial evidence means

“such relevant evidence as a reasonable mind might accept as adequate to support a

conclusion.” 

(internal quotations omitted).

       Watkins initially filed an application for SSI benefits on her grandson’s behalf.

The application claimed that Roland was disabled due to asthma, residual lead poisoning,

and disruptive behavior. This application was denied twice. After the second denial,



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Watkins requested and received a hearing before an Administrative Law Judge (“ALJ”).

       20 C.F.R. § 416.924(a)-(d) sets out the three-step sequential analysis for

determining child disability. Under this analysis, a child is deemed disabled if: (1) he or

she is not working and not engaged in substantial gainful activity; (2) he or she has a

medically determinable impairment that is severe; and (3) the medically determinable

severe impairment meets, medically equals, or functionally equals a listing (“Listings”) in

20 C.F.R. Part 404, subpart P, Appendix 1. The ALJ found, and the parties do not

dispute, that Roland was not working and that his attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

(“ADHD”) and speech/language delay were medically documented and amounted to a

severe impairment.1 The ALJ, therefore, concluded that the first two prongs of § 416.924

were satisfied.

       The ALJ next examined whether Roland’s severe impairment satisfied § 416.924's

third prong. To determine if a child’s ADHD meets or equals the Listings, it must be

shown that that medically documented condition results in marked limitations in at least

two of the following four categories:2 (1) age-appropriate cognitive/communicative

functioning; (2) age-appropriate social functioning; (3) age appropriate personal

functioning; and (4) difficulties in maintaining concentration, persistence, or pace. See 20



   1
    The parties seem to agree that Roland’s asthma and residual lead poisoning do not
rise to the level of severe impairments.
   2
    The child may also satisfy this requirement by showing an extreme limitation in one
category. Roland does not contend that he has an extreme limitation in any category.

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C.F.R. Part 404, subpt. P, app. 1, part B § 112.11. A child has a marked limitation when

his or her impairments seriously interfere with the ability to independently initiate,

sustain, or complete activities. 

112.00(C).

       The ALJ found that the record did not document the level of severity required by §

112.11(B), and specifically noted those areas in which evidence was lacking. The ALJ,

therefore, concluded that Roland’s impairment did not meet or equal the criteria of any

impairment described in the Listing of Impairments of Appendix 1.

       If a child’s impairment (or combination of impairments) does not meet or

medically equal the severity of an impairment contained in the Listings, the

Commissioner must then assess whether the impairment is “functionally equivalent” to a

listed impairment. See 20 C.F.R. § 416.926a(b). In order to assess functional

equivalence, as relevant here the Commissioner was required to consider Roland’s age

and evaluate the effect of his impairment in several broad areas of development or

functioning. For the impairment to functionally equal “listing-level” severity, it must

result in marked limitations in at least two of the following areas of functioning:

cognitive/communicative; social; personal; and concentration, persistence and pace. See

20 C.F.R. 416.926a(c)(4) (2000). The ALJ found that Roland’s impairment was not

functionally equivalent to an impairment contained in the Listings because Roland either

had no limitation or, in those areas where he did have a limitation, that limitation was less

than marked. Accordingly, the ALJ concluded that Roland was not disabled.



                                              4
                                     II. DISCUSSION

       Relying on Cotter v. Harris, 

(3d Cir. 1981), Roland argues that the

ALJ failed to articulate an evidentiary basis for his conclusion that Roland’s

cognition/communication, social functioning and concentration limitations were “less

than marked” and did not meet or medically equal the criteria of Listing §112.11(B).

Contrary to this assertion, the ALJ did point to specific evidence that supported his

conclusion – in particular, that Roland’s teacher reported he had no problems with

articulation, he was generally able to complete tasks assigned, and he had no problems

with gross motor coordination.

       Moreover, as the District Court correctly observed, the ALJ’s opinion discussed in

detail whether Roland has a “broad functional limitation.” Because the analysis required

to see if there is a broad functional limitation essentially mirrors the analysis under §

111.12(B), the ALJ did, in fact, provide an adequate explanation for why Roland’s

impairment did not meet or medically equal any of the Listings.

       Roland argues, next, that substantial evidence shows that he has marked

cognition/communication, social functioning and concentration limitations that

“functionally equal” the Listings. He points to his score in the tenth percentile in

expressive communication, his school reports that do not indicate that he is “making

progress in the social sphere,” and the fact that the ALJ failed to address contrary

evidence of his “marked concentration” deficit. Roland concludes by observing that the



                                              5
ALJ’s refusal to address such contradictory evidence is not “merely [a] Cotter violation,

[but is a] Cotter outrage.” Brief at 12.

       We disagree. The ALJ observed that the only evidence indicating that Roland may

have a marked limitation in expressive communication was scoring in the ninth and tenth

percentile in auditory comprehension and expressive communication tests, and being

classified in pre-school as having deficits in language and speech. Section

416.926a(e)(4)(I) states, however, that no single piece of information can in isolation

establish that a child has a marked limitation. Rather, the ALJ is to consider test scores

together with other information, such as classroom reports, to see if the “child’s

functioning in day-to-day activities is not seriously or very seriously limited by [his]

impairments.Ӥ 416.926a(e)(4)(ii)(B).

       The ALJ concluded that Roland does not have a marked limitation in expressive

communication for the following reasons. First, a State agency physician who evaluated

him opined that while he has a moderate limitation in cognitive functioning, no evidence

existed that he had a marked communicative limitation. Second, Roland’s teacher

reported that he had no problems with articulation. Third, Roland’s cognitive abilities,

according to a Stanford Binet test, are average. Finally, a speech pathologist reported that

his “speech intelligibility was good to fair in all contexts.” App. at 127.

       With reference to Roland’s argument that substantial evidence does not support the

ALJ’s conclusion that he has a less than marked limitation in social functioning, the ALJ



                                              6
noted that the only evidence suggesting Roland is struggling socially was his

grandmother’s testimony that he has problems with other children at school. This

testimony was, however, called into question by Roland’s teacher, who stated that he has

made progress in socialization, has made friends, and was engaging in a level of activity

typical for a four-year old.

       Roland’s final argument is that he has a marked limitation in concentration

because his ADHD “prevents him from mustering the requisite concentration to perform

at anywhere near his grade level.” Brief at 9. He also contends that the ALJ failed to

address his teacher’s claim that he has an attention span that “is extremely short.” 

While the ALJ did not cite this particular evidence, he did observe that Roland has

“moderate (less than marked) limitations in the function of concentration, persistence, and

pace.” App. at 15 (emphasis in original). Moreover, while Roland’s ADHD has caused

him to have difficulty concentrating, the ALJ noted that Roland does not take his

prescribed Ritalin. Indeed, he noted that, even without the medication, Roland, according

to his teacher, has made progress in school and is now capable of completing tasks that he

is asked to perform. Accordingly, substantial evidence supports the ALJ’s conclusion

that Roland’s concentration problems are less than marked – his “day-to-day activities

[are] not seriously or very seriously limited by [his] impairments.Ӥ 416.926a(e)(4)(ii)(B).

                                    III. CONCLUSION

       For the reasons discussed above, we will affirm the order of the District Court.



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