Opinions of the United
2006 Decisions                                                                                                             States Court of Appeals
                                                                                                                              for the Third Circuit


3-7-2006

Adegbuji v. Middlesex
Precedential or Non-Precedential: Non-Precedential

Docket No. 04-1304




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                                            NOT PRECEDENTIAL

            UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                 FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT

                        NO. 04-1304
                     ________________

            TOSIN ADEGBUJI, "ASYLUM SEEKER"

                             v.

     MIDDLESEX COUNTY; MICHAEL T. ABODE; VITALE;
        OLDHAM, & 8 Others at "B" Unit lockup; 7 OTHER
  CORRECTION OFFICERS; PEDRO DELGADO; FRANK REDDING;
    CUDDY; MICHAEL CICCHI; MICHAEL ESPOSITO; ABRUE

                     (NJ DC 03-cv-02217)


                     TOSIN ADEGBUJI

                             v.

  MIDDLESEX COUNTY CORRECTIONS DEPT.; MICHAEL T. ABODE;
FRANK REDDING; PEDRO DELGADO; VITALE; 7 OTHER CORRECTION
                        OFFICERS

                      (NJ DC 03-cv-02366)


                     TOSIN ADEGBUJI

                             v.

     MIDDLESEX CORRECTIONS DEPT.; MICHAEL ABODE;
 MICHAEL CICCHI; MICHAEL ESPOSITO, WORK RELEASE OFFICE;
       ARBUE, (First Name Unknown) Correctional Officer;
           SEVERAL UNKNOWN NAMED OFFICERS

                      (NJ DC 03-cv-03221)
                                             Tosin Adegbuji,

                                                   Appellant

                     _______________________________________

                    On Appeal From the United States District Court
                              For the District of New Jersey
                  (D.C. Civ. Nos. 03-cv-02217; 03-cv-02366; 03-03221)
                      District Judge: Honorable William J. Martini
                     _______________________________________

                      Submitted Under Third Circuit L.A.R. 34.1(a)
                                  February 22, 2006

       Before: BARRY, STAPLETON AND GREENBERG, CIRCUIT JUDGES

                                 (Filed: March 7, 2006)
                               _______________________

                                      OPINION
                               _______________________

PER CURIAM

       This appeal arises from the order of the United States District Court for the District

of New Jersey dismissing Appellant Tosin Adegbuji’s complaints pursuant to 28 U.S.C. §

1915(e)(2)(B).

       At the time he filed the complaints, Adegbuji was a detainee awaiting removal

from the United States by the Bureau of Citizen and Immigration Services. In May and

July, 2003, he filed three actions under 28 U.S.C. § 1983 in the United States District




                                             2
Court for the District of New Jersey.1 In these three actions, Adegbuji alleged that the

defendants: (1) prohibited him from attending Sunday worship services while he was in

administrative custody; (2) denied him access to the law library or legal papers while in

segregation; (3) subjected him to cruel and unusual punishment with respect to other

prison conditions in solitary confinement (no shower, toothbrush, mattress, blanket, soap,

or hygiene items for 3 days; one shower a week, one jumpsuit per month, no visitation or

commissary privileges, no fresh air recreation (or forced recreation when he did not want

it) and no haircut or beard trim for twenty-seven days); (4) engaged in an unreasonable

search and seizure in violation of the Fourth Amendment; (5) denied him access to the

telephone and to legal and other mail; (6) failed to provide procedural due process in

disciplinary hearings and with regard to deprivation of his personal property; and (7)

violated his right under the Equal Protection Clause to be treated like other detainees.2

He sought declaratory relief and damages.




   1
     The three complaints cover different time periods as follows: Civ. No. 03-02217 -
April 15, 2003 through May 4, 2003; Civ. No. 03-02366 - May 9, 2003 through May 12,
2003; and Civ. No. 03-03221 - May 14, 2003 through June 9, 2003.
   2
     Adegbuji also claimed that his placement in solitary confinement due to his
conscientious religious objection to “forced” recreation on a Sabbath day constituted
persecution under the United States Convention Against Torture, Art. 1, and 8 C.F.R.
208.16(B)(1). Because Adegbuji’s disciplinary segregation was imposed pursuant to
lawful sanctions, however, it would not be considered “torture” under the Torture
Convention, Art. 1(1).

                                              3
       The District Court consolidated the actions and dismissed Adegbuji’s complaints

sua sponte for failure to state a claim upon which relief may be granted under 28 U.S.C. §

1915(e)(2)(B).

       The District Court held that: (1) the prison rule restricting attendance at Sunday

religious services during recreation time, which Adegbuji admitted only affected him

while he was in solitary confinement for three days on two separate occasions, did not

violate Adegbuji’s First Amendment right of freedom of worship because the restriction,

was short in duration and was reasonably related to the MCACC’s legitimate penological

goals of maintaining security and safety in the prison; (2) the strip search conducted upon

his placement in administrative segregation did not violate Adegbuji’s Fourth

Amendment rights because the prison had a legitimate penological interest in maintaining

a safe prison segregation environment free of weapons, drugs, and other contraband, and

there was no allegation that the search itself was performed in an unreasonable manner;

(3) although Adegbuji alleged that he was denied procedural due process under Wolff v.

McDonnell, when the prison did not give him notice of disciplinary charges on May 4 and

May 9, 2003, the related disciplinary reports attached to Adegbuji’s Complaint show that

he received separate notices for each set of charges and timely hearings were held; (4) the

conditions of solitary confinement claims, alone, or in combination, could not establish

that the defendants deprived him of any measure of life’s necessities; (5) the Complaint

failed to state an Equal Protection claim because there were no allegations from which the

court could infer that inmates allegedly receiving more favorable treatment were similarly

                                             4
situated, or that Adegbuji’s allegedly disparate treatment resulted from intentional

discrimination by the defendants; and (6) Adegbuji failed to state a claim of supervisory

liability against the Commissioner of the Department of Corrections. Finally, the District

Court dismissed as meritless all of Adegbuji’s access to the courts claims on due process

and other grounds. This timely appeal followed.

       We have jurisdiction pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1291. Our standard of review of the

District Court’s dismissal for failure to state a claim is plenary. Allah v. Seiverling, 

, 223 (3d Cir. 2000). “We must accept as true the factual allegations in the

complaint and all reasonable inferences that can be drawn therefrom.” Nami v. Fauver,

, 65 (3d Cir. 1996) (citation omitted). We will affirm the District Court’s order

dismissing Adegbuji’s complaints only if it appears that he could prove no set of facts

that would entitle him to relief. Higgins v. Beyer, 

, 688 (3d Cir. 2002). We

will affirm as to all defendants and as to all claims for the reasons set forth in the District

Court’s Opinion, except the denial of access to the courts claims and denial of phone

privileges claim, which are further discussed below.

       Turning to his first access to the courts claim, Adegbuji alleged that he was denied

access to the law library and was denied his legal papers and commissary supplies while

he was in solitary confinement, causing him to miss filing deadlines in his immigration

case. The District Court dismissed these claims, concluding that “the alleged conduct by

the defendants was not a central component of the right of access to the courts, and

therefore does not state a due process claim or a violation of the First Amendment.” See

                                               5
D.Ct. Opinion, at 21. We agree that the claim was correctly dismissed but for different

reasons. Adegbuji failed to allege any actual injury. See Lewis v. Casey, 

,

351 (1996) (holding that a claimant seeking damages for the denial of access to the courts

must “demonstrate that the alleged” deprivation of legal materials “hindered his efforts to

pursue a legal claim”). Adegbuji admits that he received continuances and does not

allege that any case was dismissed for failure to file a timely pleading.

       Likewise, Adegbuji alleged no actual injury with respect to his second access to

the courts claim. There, he alleged that the defendants improperly returned legal mail

from the District Court, namely an order denying a petition for writ of habeas corpus.

Adegbuji claims that this caused him to miss the thirty-day appeal period.3 But Adegbuji

had sixty days within which to file an appeal because the defendant was a federal agency.

Adegbuji filed a timely appeal in the habeas corpus case that resulted in a decision by this

Court issued in April, 2004. See Adegbuji v. Quarrantillo, Civ. No. 02-04878.

       Adegbuji’s last access to the courts claim, however, should not have been

dismissed sua sponte. In Oliver v. Fauver, 

, 177 (3d Cir. 1997), we held that

Lewis merely requires a claimant to show that the deprivation led to an actual injury

“such as the loss or rejection of a legal claim.” Here, the District Court determined that


   3
      The District Court also treated Adegbuji’s claim as a due process claim, holding held
that one isolated instance of interference with the mail did not rise to the level of a
constitutional violation. D.Ct. Op., at 27-28. The case the District Court relied on,
Morgan v. Montayne, 

(2d Cir. 1975), impliedly dealt with a similar claim
as a denial of access to the courts claim. We believe that Adegbuji’s claim is better
treated as a denial of access to the courts claim.

                                              6
Adegbuji was only prevented from filing certain motions and responses in Immigration

Court. The Complaint in Civ. No. 03-03221, however, alleges that Adegbuji was denied

asylum as a result of the seizure of evidence. Specifically, Adegbuji alleged that on June

5, 2003, while he was confined in disciplinary segregation, correctional officers searched

his cell on the pretext that they were looking for contraband and, in the process, seized

two sets of newspapers that Adegbuji had received from family members. Inside the

newspapers were photocopies of vital documents sent to him by his family in Nigeria

along with a brief he had prepared in support of asylum. See Complaint, Civ. No. 03-

03221, ¶¶ 23-25. He alleged that the papers were never returned to him and, as a result,

the immigration court denied him asylum because he was unable to provide all of the

required corroborative evidence needed to prove his claim.4 

       Based on Adegbuji’s allegations, we conclude that he stated a claim of denial of

access to the courts sufficient to survive sua sponte dismissal under § 1915(e)(2)(B)(ii).

Moreover, Adegbuji’s allegation that the cell search was pretextual suggests that the

seizure was not simply the result of negligence on the defendants’ part, and thus, the

claim is not subject to dismissal on the alternate ground that it is non-cognizable because

it alleges only negligence. See Jordan v. Fox, Rothschild, O’Brien & Frankel, 

, 1277 (3d Cir. 1994) (holding that a negligent deprivation will not sustain a § 1983


   4
     The District Court also treated this claim as asserting a deprivation of property
without due process. For the reasons stated in its Opinion, the District Court correctly
dismissed the claim because Adegbuji had an adequate post-deprivation remedy via the
New Jersey Tort Claims Act. D.Ct. Op., at 28-30.

                                             7
claim). Accordingly, we will vacate the District Court’s order to the extent that it

dismissed this claim.

       Finally, the District Court erred in dismissing Adegbuji’s denial of phone access

claim raised in Civ. No. 03-03221, because he failed to allege specific instances when the

defendants denied him telephone privileges while he was confined in segregation. As it

stands, the allegations fail to state a due process claim or a denial of access to the courts

claim. However, the District Court did not give Adegbuji an opportunity to amend his

complaint, or otherwise determine that any amendment would be inequitable or futile.

See Alston v. Parker, 

, 235-236 (3d Cir. 2004).

       For the foregoing reasons, we will vacate the District Court’s order to the extent it

dismissed Adegbuji’s claims, raised in Civ. No. 03-03221, that he was denied access to

the courts by the wrongful seizure of evidence vital to his asylum case and that he was

wrongfully denied phone privileges. We will remand this matter for further proceedings

consistent with this Opinion. We will affirm the District Court’s order dismissing with

prejudice the remaining claims raised in the consolidated action. Appellant’s motion to

supplement the record is granted.