Opinions of the United
2008 Decisions                                                                                                             States Court of Appeals
                                                                                                                              for the Third Circuit


5-21-2008

Lopez-Martinez v. Atty Gen USA
Precedential or Non-Precedential: Non-Precedential

Docket No. 07-2359




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                                                               NOT PRECEDENTIAL

                       UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                            FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT
                                 ___________

                                     No. 07-2359
                                     ___________

                             VERONICA LOPEZ-MARTINEZ,
                                                  Petitioner

                                           v.

                 ATTORNEY GENERAL OF THE UNITED STATES,
                                                   Respondent

                       ____________________________________

                       On Petition for Review of an Order of the
                            Board of Immigration Appeals
                                 BIA No. A79-729-766
                   (U.S. Immigration Judge: Honorable R.K. Malloy)
                      ____________________________________

                  Submitted Pursuant to Third Circuit LAR 34.1(a)
                                   May 7, 2008
     Before: SCIRICA, Chief Judge, CHAGARES and ALDISERT, Circuit Judges.

                                  (Filed: May 21, 2008)
                                      ___________

                               OPINION OF THE COURT
                                    ___________

PER CURIAM.

       Veronica Lopez-Martinez petitions for review of a final order of removal issued by

the Board of Immigration Appeals (“BIA”) on April 4, 2007. For the reasons that follow,

we will deny the petition.
                                             I.

       We assume the parties’ familiarity with the underlying facts, the procedural

history, and the issues presented for review. To summarize briefly, Lopez-Martinez, a

native and citizen of Mexico, entered the United States in July 1993 without being

inspected and admitted or paroled. She was placed in removal proceedings in May 2002

and conceded the charge of removability in June 2002. A month later, Lopez-Martinez

married a United States citizen and in April 2003, that citizen submitted a Form I-130

visa petition seeking an immigrant visa for Lopez-Martinez based upon the marriage.

During the pendency of the deportation proceedings, the Government submitted evidence

to the immigration court concerning a conviction Lopez-Martinez had sustained for

completing a false application for a U.S. passport in January 2003.1

       Before the Immigration Judge (“IJ”), Lopez-Martinez sought relief from removal

by applying for adjustment of status, waiver of inadmissibility, and voluntary departure.

The IJ denied Lopez-Martinez’s various applications for relief determining that she was

ineligible for a waiver of inadmissibility and an adjustment, given her prior conviction.

Lopez-Martinez filed a timely appeal to the BIA. The BIA dismissed the appeal finding

Lopez-Martinez subject to removal. The BIA relied on legal grounds other than those

specified by the IJ’s order and the BIA determined that Lopez-Martinez was ineligible to




       1
        Lopez-Martinez pled guilty to one count of tampering with public records, under
18 Pa.C.S.A. § 4911, and was sentenced to 12 months probation.

                                             2
apply for adjustment as a matter of law. The BIA noted that because Lopez-Martinez had

not been admitted or paroled into the United States, she was ineligible to adjust her

immigration status under INA § 245(a) and (c), unless she otherwise demonstrated

eligibility for an exemption under INA § 245(i). In light of her entry without inspection,

she was ineligible to qualify for such an exemption. Lopez-Martinez timely filed a

petition for review.

                                          II.

       The BIA had jurisdiction over Lopez-Martinez’s appeal under 8 C.F.R. §

1003.1(b)(3). This court has jurisdiction to review a final order of removal under 8

U.S.C. § 1252. “Where, as here, the BIA issues a decision on the merits and not simply a

summary affirmance, we review the BIA’s, not the IJ’s, decision.” Li v. Att’y Gen. of the

United States, 

, 162 (3d Cir. 2005) (citing Gao v. Ashcroft, 

,

271 (3d Cir. 2002)). The BIA’s factual findings are reviewed for substantial evidence.

See 8 U.S.C. § 1252(b)(4)(B). This court reviews the BIA’s legal determinations de

novo, subject to the principles of deference articulated in Chevron, U.S.A., Inc. v. Natural

Resources Defense Council, Inc., 

, 844 (1984). See Wang v. Ashcroft, 

, 349 (3d Cir. 2004).

                                            III.

       The BIA correctly determined that Lopez-Martinez is ineligible for adjustment of

status. Generally, aliens who illegally enter the United States are not permitted to apply



                                                3
here for status adjustments. See 8 U.S.C. § 1255(a); cf. Zheng v. Gonzales, 

,

116-20 (3d Cir. 2005) (concluding that 8 C.F.R. § 1245.1(c)(8) was invalid because it

conflicted with Congress’s clearly expressed intent in § 245(a) that parolees, as a general

class, be eligible for adjustment of status). Section 245(i), however, allowed

undocumented persons who entered the country illegally a one-time chance to apply for

lawful permanent resident status. It provided that aliens who were physically present in

the United States after entering without inspection, and who were the beneficiaries of a

relative petition filed before April 30, 2001 (and who paid a $1,000 fee) could apply to

adjust their status. See 8 U.S.C. § 1255(i)(1)(B)(i). As the BIA noted, given the facts

here, Lopez-Martinez was not eligible for an adjustment under these provisions.

       The BIA further acted within its authority in determining Lopez-Martinez’s

ineligibility for an adjustment. Engaging in a de novo review of the IJ’s legal conclusions

was plainly not improper. See 8 C.F.R. § 1003.1(d)(3)(ii) (“The [BIA] may review

questions of law, discretion, and judgment and all other issues in appeals from decisions

of immigration judges de novo”). Further, the BIA’s conclusions were reasonable and

were supported by substantial evidence.

       For the foregoing reasons, we will deny the petition for review.




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