Filed: Sep. 12, 2013
Latest Update: Feb. 12, 2020
Summary: NOT PRECEDENTIAL UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT _ No. 11-1702 _ RAFAEL CORPORAN, Petitioner v. THE ATTORNEY GENERAL OF THE UNITED STATES, Respondent _ On Petition for Review of a Final Order of the Board of Immigration Appeals (No. A044-129-887) Immigration Judge: Honorable Kenneth S. Hurwitz _ Argued April 16, 2013 _ Before: AMBRO, HARDIMAN, and COWEN, Circuit Judges (Opinion filed: September 12, 2013) Jack Wallace, Esquire Immigration Law & Litigation Group 2964 Aviation
Summary: NOT PRECEDENTIAL UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT _ No. 11-1702 _ RAFAEL CORPORAN, Petitioner v. THE ATTORNEY GENERAL OF THE UNITED STATES, Respondent _ On Petition for Review of a Final Order of the Board of Immigration Appeals (No. A044-129-887) Immigration Judge: Honorable Kenneth S. Hurwitz _ Argued April 16, 2013 _ Before: AMBRO, HARDIMAN, and COWEN, Circuit Judges (Opinion filed: September 12, 2013) Jack Wallace, Esquire Immigration Law & Litigation Group 2964 Aviation A..
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NOT PRECEDENTIAL
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT
_______________
No. 11-1702
_______________
RAFAEL CORPORAN,
Petitioner
v.
THE ATTORNEY GENERAL OF THE UNITED STATES,
Respondent
_______________
On Petition for Review of a Final Order
of the Board of Immigration Appeals
(No. A044-129-887)
Immigration Judge: Honorable Kenneth S. Hurwitz
_______________
Argued April 16, 2013
_______________
Before: AMBRO, HARDIMAN, and COWEN, Circuit Judges
(Opinion filed: September 12, 2013)
Jack Wallace, Esquire
Immigration Law & Litigation Group
2964 Aviation Avenue, Suite 301
Miami, FL 33133
Jessica Zagier Wallace, Esquire (Argued)
Carlton Fields
100 Southeast Second Street, Suite 4200
Miami, FL 33131
Counsel for Petitioner
Eric H. Holder, Jr.
Attorney General
Stuart F. Delery
Acting Assistant Attorney General
Civil Division
Thomas B. Fatouros (Argued)
Senior Litigation Counsel
Janette L. Allen, Esquire
Thomas W. Hussey, Esquire
Aaron R. Petty, Esquire
United States Department of Justice
Office of Immigration Litigation
Civil Division
P.O. Box 878
Ben Franklin Station
Washington, DC 20044
Counsel for Respondent
_______________
OPINION OF THE COURT
_______________
AMBRO, Circuit Judge
Rafael Corporan petitions for review of an Immigration Judge‟s (“IJ”) order
finding him removable under § 237(a)(2)(A)(iii) of the Immigration and Nationality Act
(“INA”), 8 U.S.C. § 1227(a)(2)(A)(iii). We grant in part, deny in part, and remand the
case to the Board of Immigration Appeals (“BIA”).
I.
In 2009, Corporan, a citizen of the Dominican Republic and lawful permanent
resident of the United States, pled guilty to one count of conspiracy in violation of 18
U.S.C. § 371. He was sentenced to five months‟ imprisonment and ordered to pay
restitution (along with a co-conspirator) of $47,299. Following that conviction, the
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Department of Homeland Security (“DHS”) charged Corporan as removable as an alien
convicted of an “aggravated felony” defined in INA § 101(a)(43), 8 U.S.C.
§ 1101(a)(43). Specifically, DHS contended that he committed an offense that
“involve[d] fraud or deceit in which the loss to the victim or victims exceed[ed]
$10,000,” 8 U.S.C. § 1101(a)(43)(M)(i). Corporan filed a motion for termination of the
removal proceedings, arguing that his conviction was a hybrid offense under Nugent v.
Ashcroft,
367 F.3d 162 (3d Cir. 2004). A hybrid offense is an offense described by two
of § 1101(a)(43)‟s definitions, and thus must meet the requirements of both in order to be
an “aggravated felony.” Corporan conceded that his was an offense involving fraud or
deceit under § 1101(a)(43)(M)(i), but he argued that it was also a theft offense under
§ 1101(a)(43)(G), which requires a one-year prison sentence.
The IJ agreed that Corporan‟s was a hybrid offense under Nugent and determined
that he was not removable because his conviction did not include the requisite one-year
prison sentence under § 1101(a)(43)(G). As such, the IJ explained that “[t]he issue of
whether respondent‟s fraud conviction resulted in the loss of more than $10,000[] need
not be resolved.”
On appeal, the BIA overturned the IJ‟s decision, determining that Nugent did not
apply. The BIA held that Corporan was convicted of an offense involving fraud and
deceit with a loss of $10,000 and “[he] is removable.” On remand, the IJ ordered
Corporan removed.
Corporan filed this petition for review, arguing that: (1) his offense was a hybrid
offense under Nugent; and (2) in any event, the BIA erred by concluding that his offense
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involved a loss of $10,000, as this is a factual finding that must be made by the IJ in the
first instance.
II.1
Corporan‟s first argument is now foreclosed. In Al-Sharif v. United States Citizen
and Immigration Services, ___ F.3d ___, No. 12-2767,
2013 WL 4405689 (3d Cir. Aug.
19, 2013) (en banc), we rejected Nugent‟s hybrid theory. Any “offense that „involves
fraud or deceit in which the loss to the victim exceeds $10,000‟ is an aggravated felony
under § 1101(a)(43)(M)(i) regardless of whether it also meets the requirements of some
other subparagraph [of § 1101(a)(43)].”
Id. at *4. At the Court‟s request, the parties
filed letter responses to Al-Sharif, and agree that Corporan‟s first allegation of error is not
a viable ground for relief.
As to the loss amount—Corporan‟s second alleged error—the BIA erred by
making a factual determination after the IJ explicitly declined to do so. See 8 C.F.R.
§ 1003.1(d)(3)(iv) (“[T]he Board will not engage in factfinding in the course of deciding
appeals. . . . If further factfinding is needed in a particular case, the Board may remand
the proceeding . . . .”). The loss to the victim under § 1101(a)(43)(M)(i) is a
“circumstance-specific” calculation, Kaplun v. Att’y Gen.,
602 F.3d 260, 265 (3d Cir.
1
We lack jurisdiction to review a removal order if the alien was convicted of an
aggravated felony, 8 U.S.C. § 1252(a)(2)(C), but have jurisdiction to determine our
jurisdiction, that is, to determine whether the petitioner was convicted of an aggravated
felony. Stubbs v. Att’y Gen.,
452 F.3d 251, 253 n.4 (3d Cir. 2006). The Government
argues that Corporan failed to exhaust the amount-of-loss issue because he did not raise it
to the BIA after the IJ entered the removal order. We disagree. Under Popal v.
Gonzales, we have jurisdiction to review an IJ‟s order that is “a mere ministerial act,
taken to effectuate the unmistakable judgment of the BIA.”
416 F.3d 249, 253 (3d Cir.
2005).
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2010), which is determined by fact finding, see Singh v. Att’y Gen.,
677 F.3d 503, 513
(3d Cir. 2012) (considering evidence of loss amount); In re Babaisakov, 24 I. & N. Dec.
306, 319 (B.I.A. 2007) (same).
Thus, we grant the petition as to the loss amount, vacate the removal order, and
remand to the BIA with instructions to remand to the IJ for a factual finding on this
issue.2
2
Reflecting the unusual posture of this case, our order vacates the final administrative
order entered by the IJ. However, as is our practice, we remand to the BIA. See
Popal,
416 F.3d at 255 n.6. The Government‟s Motion to Dismiss and Motion to Remand are
denied as moot.
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