Circuit Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit.
Myer Rosenbush, Joseph Bernstein, and Rosenbush & Bernstein, all of Baltimore, Md., for appellant.
E. P. Keech, Jr., of Baltimore, Md., and G. C. R. Anderson, for appellees.
Before WOODS, WADDILL, and ROSE, Circuit Judges.
ROSE, Circuit Judge.
This is a controversy between the appellant, as trustee in bankruptcy of a corporation, and the appellees, as to their relative rights to the proceeds of certain accounts due the bankrupt, and, since the filing of the petition in bankruptcy, collected by its receiver or trustee.
The appellees claim under an assignment made by the bankrupt some months before the institution of the proceedings against it. Upon the face of the agreement between them, the bankrupt assigned all of its accounts, with some unimportant exceptions, to the appellees who upon such assignment advanced to the bankrupt in cash 80 per cent. of their face value. The accounts were to be collected by the bankrupt and the proceeds paid over to the agent of the appellees. In the absence of any Maryland statute on the subject, such an agreement was effective to pass to the appellees the ownership of the accounts assigned and to give to them as against the appellant preferential rights to the proceeds collected by him or by his predecessor, the bankrupt receiver. Greey v. Dockendorff, 231 U.S. 513, 34 S. Ct. 166, 58 L. Ed. 339. The appellant contends, however, that no matter in what words the agreement was couched, the actual arrangement between the bankrupt *354 and the appellees as shown by what they did was such that the bankrupt retained unfettered dominion over the nominally assigned accounts and their proceeds. If so, the assignment was in law fraudulent and void. Benedict v. Ratner, 268 U.S. 353, 45 S. Ct. 566, 69 L. Ed. 991.
The same individual was a representative of the appellees and an active officer of the bankrupt. When the latter collected assigned accounts, it did not always turn over the proceeds to the appellees. In fact, it usually replaced the collected accounts by others of later date. In some instances, it is probable that not even so much was done. The relations between the bankrupt and the appellees were such that what they did was more significant than what they said they were going to do. The referee and the learned District Judge were right in critically scrutinizing their transactions. In the result, however, they united in the conclusion that the assignment was made in good faith for present consideration, and that, although the appellees had not always insisted on the full measure of their rights, they had never intended to surrender, and had not in fact surrendered, to the bankrupt anything approaching "unfettered dominion" over the accounts or their proceeds.
The case is close, but we see no sufficient reason to differ with the conclusion reached below.
Affirmed.
Judge WOODS died before the above opinion was prepared.
