UNPUBLISHED

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE FOURTH CIRCUIT

CHARLES SCHIFANO,
Petitioner,

v.

SOUTH UNION COAL COMPANY; WEST
VIRGINIA COAL WORKERS'
                                                                    No. 97-1179
PNEUMOCONIOSIS FUND; DIRECTOR,
OFFICE OF WORKERS' COMPENSATION
PROGRAMS, UNITED STATES
DEPARTMENT OF LABOR,
Respondents.

On Petition for Review of an Order
of the Benefits Review Board.
(94-2321-BLA,
93-1201-BLA)

Argued: October 31, 1997

Decided: January 15, 1998

Before HAMILTON, WILLIAMS, and MOTZ, Circuit Judges.

_________________________________________________________________

Affirmed by unpublished per curiam opinion.

_________________________________________________________________

COUNSEL

ARGUED: James Hook, Waynesburg, Pennsylvania, for Petitioner.
Jennifer U. Toth, UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR,
Washington, D.C.; Stephen Eric Crist, Assistant Attorney General,
EMPLOYMENT PROGRAMS LITIGATION UNIT, Charleston,
West Virginia, for Respondents. ON BRIEF: J. Davitt McAteer, Act-
ing Solicitor of Labor, Donald S. Shire, Associate Solicitor, Christian
P. Barber, Counsel for Appellate Litigation, UNITED STATES
DEPARTMENT OF LABOR, Washington, D.C., for Respondent
Director.

_________________________________________________________________

Unpublished opinions are not binding precedent in this circuit. See
Local Rule 36(c).

_________________________________________________________________

OPINION

PER CURIAM:

Petitioner Charles Schifano (Schifano), a former coal-miner who
worked for Respondent South Union Coal Company (South Union
Coal), petitions for review of a decision by the Benefits Review
Board (the BRB) affirming an administrative law judge's (ALJ)
denial of benefits under the Black Lung Benefits Act, 30 U.S.C.
§§ 901-945. Schifano asserts that the ALJ erred (1) by reviewing
Schifano's claim under the regulations in 20 C.F.R. Part 718 (the Per-
manent Regulations) instead of those found in 20 C.F.R. Part 727 (the
Interim Regulations), and (2) by denying Schifano benefits under
either set of regulations. Because we conclude the ALJ appropriately
reviewed Schifano's claim under the Permanent Regulations and the
denial of benefits was supported by substantial evidence, we affirm.

I.

On May 2, 1973, Schifano filed a claim with the Social Security
Administration (SSA) for benefits under Part B of the Black Lung
Benefits Act, 30 U.S.C. §§ 921-925. The SSA denied his claim sev-
eral times, as did an ALJ and the SSA Appeals Council. On April 5,
1978, after Congress enacted the Black Lung Benefits Reform Act of
1977 (Reform Act), Pub. L. No. 95-239, 92 Stat. 95 (1978), Schifano
elected to have his 1973 claim reopened and reviewed by the SSA.

                    2
The SSA again denied Schifano's claim, but referred it to the Depart-
ment of Labor (DOL) for further Reform Act review. On October 3,
1980, the DOL finally denied benefits because the evidence failed to
prove that Schifano was totally disabled by pneumoconiosis. Schifano
took no further action on this claim.

On June 2, 1982, Schifano filed a second claim for benefits, this
time with the DOL and for benefits under Part C of the Black Lung
Benefits Act, 30 U.S.C. §§ 931-945. On January 12, 1983, a DOL dis-
trict director denied the claim. After a hearing held at Schifano's
request, an ALJ also denied him benefits. The ALJ found that Schi-
fano had abandoned his 1973 claim and, accordingly, adjudicated the
1982 claim pursuant to the Permanent Regulations. The ALJ denied
Schifano benefits because, although South Union Coal conceded
Schifano had pneumoconiosis arising out of coal mine employment,
the ALJ found that the evidence failed to establish that Schifano was
totally disabled by a respiratory or pulmonary impairment under 20
C.F.R. § 718.204(c).

Schifano appealed to the BRB. On June 25, 1992, the BRB upheld
the ALJ's adjudication of Schifano's 1982 claim under the Permanent
Regulations. However, the BRB vacated the ALJ's denial of benefits
and remanded the case for further development of the medical evi-
dence. The ALJ in turn remanded the case to the district director.

The additional medical evidence consisted of four pulmonary func-
tion studies, three arterial blood gas studies and the medical opinions
of four physicians who had examined Schifano. After considering this
evidence, the district director again denied Schifano's claim. Schifano
requested and received another hearing before an ALJ, but on January
24, 1994, the ALJ again denied benefits. After carefully examining
the pulmonary function studies, the arterial blood gas tests and the
physicians' reports, the ALJ concluded that Schifano had failed to
prove he suffered from a totally disabling respiratory or pulmonary
disease. Schifano unsuccessfully moved for reconsideration.

On October 5, 1994, the BRB affirmed the ALJ's denial of bene-
fits. The BRB reviewed the ALJ's examination of the physicians'
reports and concluded that Schifano had failed to prove he suffered
from a totally disabling respiratory or pulmonary disease. On Decem-

                    3
ber 20, 1996, the BRB summarily denied Schifano's motion for
reconsideration. Schifano then filed the present petition for review.

II.

Schifano first argues that the ALJ erred by adjudicating his 1982
claim under the Permanent Regulations. He suggests that his 1982
claim should "merge" with his 1973 claim, and thus be reviewed
under the Interim Regulations. We reject Schifano's suggestion that
his 1973 and 1982 claims have merged.

Respondent Director of the Office of Workers' Compensation Pro-
grams (the Director) and the Secretary of Labor administer the Black
Lung Benefits Act, see 20 C.F.R. § 701.202(f), and their interpreta-
tion of the Act is entitled to deference. See Pauley v. BethEnergy
Mines, Inc., 

, 696-99 (1991). Their consistent regulatory
interpretation "is deserving of substantial deference unless it is plainly
erroneous or inconsistent with the regulation." Mullins Coal Co., Inc.
v. Director, OWCP, 

, 159 (1987) (internal quotation
marks omitted).

A.

Congress enacted the Black Lung Benefits Reform Act because it
was dissatisfied with the DOL's slow claims process and low claims
approval rate in black lung cases. See Pauley , 501 U.S. at 687-88. The
Reform Act required, inter alia, the Secretary of Labor to promul-
gate two sets of regulations that would govern the adjudication of
black lung claims: first, a set of interim regulations that would apply
to--and facilitate the rapid resolution of--already-pending claims;
and second, a set of permanent regulations that would apply to all
claims filed after the regulations' promulgation. See 30 U.S.C.
§ 902(f)(1)(D) and (2)(C).

The Secretary of Labor implemented this scheme and promulgated
the regulations on March 31, 1980. Therefore, claims filed after that
date are to be adjudicated under the Permanent Regulations in 20
C.F.R. Part 718, while claims filed before that date are subject to the
Interim Regulations found in Part 727. See Mullins Coal, 484 U.S. at

                     4
139. The Interim Regulations liberalized the criteria for eligibility and
provided a claimant with certain rebuttable presumptions of eligibil-
ity. See 20 C.F.R. § 727.203(a)(1)-(4). The Permanent Regulations,
on the other hand, require the claimant to prove every element of his
claim. See Jewell Smokeless Coal Corp. v. Street , 

, 243
(4th Cir. 1994).

B.

It is undisputed that Schifano filed his 1982 claim after the Perma-
nent Regulations were promulgated, so normally that claim would be
reviewed under the Permanent Regulations. However, Schifano
argues that, under 20 C.F.R. § 725.309(c), his 1982 claim should
merge with his 1973 claim and be treated as one filed before the pro-
mulgation of the regulations and reviewed under the Interim Regula-
tions. We disagree.

Section 725.309(c) of 20 C.F.R. provides in pertinent part that:

          A claimant who filed a claim for benefits under part B of
          title IV of the Act or part C of title IV of the Act before
          March 1, 1978, and whose previous claim(s) are pending or
          have been finally denied, who files an additional claim
          under this part, shall have the later claim merged with any
          earlier claim subject to review under part 727 of this sub-
          chapter.

Schifano argues that this provision essentially should be interpreted
to mean that "A claimant . . . who files an additional claim . . . shall
have the later claim merged with any earlier claim[that was ever]
subject to review under part 727 of this subchapter." Compare 20
C.F.R. § 725.309(c). However, the Director argues, as he did in
Peabody Coal Co. v. Spese, 

 (7th Cir. 1997) (en banc),
and Tonelli v. Director, OWCP, 

 (8th Cir. 1989), that
§ 725.309(c) should be interpreted to mean that "A claimant . . . who
files an additional claim . . . shall have the later claim merged with
any earlier claim [still] subject to review under part 727 of this sub-
chapter." Compare 20 C.F.R. § 725.309(c).

                     5
We accept the Director's interpretation of § 725.309(c) for two rea-
sons. First, the statute plainly provides--and Congress plainly
intended--that the Interim Regulations apply only to claims filed on
or before March 31, 1980. See 30 U.S.C.§ 902(f)(2)(C). However,
Schifano's interpretation of § 725.309(c) would permit all those who
filed claims before that date to benefit from the Interim Regulations.
In effect, Schifano's interpretation would render the Interim Regula-
tions permanent, contrary to the statutory scheme created by Con-
gress.

Second, the second sentence of § 725.309(c) provides that:

          If an earlier claim subject to review under part 727 of this
          subchapter has been denied after review, a new claim filed
          under this part shall also be denied, on the grounds of the
          prior denial, unless the deputy commissioner determines that
          there has been a material change in conditions or the later
          claim is a request for modification . . . .

20 C.F.R. § 725.309(c). Schifano's interpretation would effectively
eliminate this sentence, because any claimant could resurrect a claim
denied under the Interim Regulations without showing a material
change in conditions or requesting a modification.

The Director's interpretation of § 725.309(c) is entirely reasonable
and consistent with the statute and other provisions in the regulation.
Consequently, we cannot conclude the Director's interpretation is
plainly erroneous. See Pauley, 501 U.S. at 696-99; Mullins Coal, 484
U.S. at 159. Therefore, under Pauley and Mullins Coal, we must
accord substantial deference to that interpretation and adopt it. We
note that this decision is in line with those of the other circuits that
have addressed this issue. See Spese, 117 F.3d at 1006-07; Tonelli,
878 F.2d at 1087.

After the DOL's final rejection of Schifano's 1973 claim in Octo-
ber 1980, Schifano took no further action on the claim. We hold that
Schifano abandoned that claim and, therefore, it was not pending
when he filed his 1982 claim. Consequently, the claims did not merge

                    6
and the ALJ appropriately reviewed Schifano's 1982 claim under the
Permanent Regulations.*

III.

Schifano next argues that, even if the ALJ appropriately reviewed
his 1982 claim under the Permanent Regulations, the ALJ incorrectly
determined that he was not entitled to benefits under those regula-
tions. Again, we disagree.

We review a denial of benefits under the Black Lung Benefits Act
by undertaking an independent review of the record, as in the place
of the BRB, to determine whether the ALJ's factual findings were
based on substantial evidence in the record. See Toler v. Eastern
Associated Coal Co., 

, 114 (4th Cir. 1995). We review the
ALJ's determinations of law de novo. See id.

A.

In order to obtain benefits under the Permanent Regulations, the
claimant must prove (1) he has pneumoconiosis; (2) the disease arose
out of coal mine employment; (3) he suffers from a totally disabling
respiratory or pulmonary condition; and (4) his pneumoconiosis is a
contributing cause to his total disability. See Jewell, 42 F.3d at 243;
Robinson v. Pickands Mather & Co./Leslie Coal Co. , 

, 36
(4th Cir. 1990); 20 C.F.R. §§ 718.201-.204. South Union Coal con-
cedes that Schifano has pneumoconiosis that arose out of coal mine
employment. Consequently, Schifano has satisfied the first two
prongs of the Jewell/Robinson test. The next issue is, therefore,
whether Schifano has proved he suffers from a totally disabling respi-
ratory or pulmonary condition.

A claimant may prove he suffers from total disability with either
(1) a qualifying pulmonary function test; (2) a qualifying arterial
blood gas test; (3) evidence that he suffers from cor pulmonale with
right-sided congestive heart failure; or (4) a physician's conclusion,
_________________________________________________________________
*In light of our ruling, we decline to address Schifano's argument that
the ALJ erred in denying him benefits under the Interim Regulations.

                    7
after an exercise of reasoned medical judgment and based on medi-
cally acceptable clinical and laboratory diagnostic techniques, that the
claimant's respiratory or pulmonary condition prevents him from
engaging in his usual coal mine employment. See 20 C.F.R.
§ 718.204(c)(1)-(4). The ALJ examined the medical evidence to
determine whether Schifano had satisfied any of these conditions.

B.

The ALJ first examined the results of the pulmonary function and
arterial blood gas tests, and found that none produced qualifying
results. The ALJ then found that the record did not contain any evi-
dence Schifano is suffering from cor pulmonale with right-sided con-
gestive heart failure. Schifano does not contest these findings. Rather,
he challenges only the ALJ's reliance on the physicians' opinions that
he is not totally disabled.

In concluding that Schifano was not totally disabled as a result of
pneumoconiosis, the ALJ relied heavily on the opinions of two of the
three physicians hired by South Union Coal, Drs. Renn and Jaworski.
Conversely, the ALJ discounted the opinion of Schifano's only
expert, Dr. Levine, because his conclusion that Schifano was totally
disabled due to a pulmonary impairment conflicted with his pulmo-
nary function test which produced normal results. In addition, the ALJ
found Dr. Renn's opinion to be worth more weight because Dr. Renn
was a pulmonary specialist while Dr. Levine was merely an allergy
specialist.

Schifano complains that, for various reasons, the opinions of Drs.
Renn and Jaworski should have carried little, if any, weight. How-
ever, even if we were to accept these reasons, the fact that the medical
opinions on which South Union Coal relies might be entitled to less
weight does not mean that Schifano has affirmatively proved his case.

We have carefully reviewed the medical evidence and find that the
decision of the ALJ was supported by substantial evidence. First,
South Union Coal presented the opinions of three physicians that,
while the details of their diagnoses differed, were in agreement that
Schifano was not totally disabled due to pneumoconiosis. Second, we
agree with the ALJ that Dr. Renn's opinion was entitled to more

                    8
weight than that of Dr. Levine because Dr. Renn is a pulmonary spe-
cialist. And third, we also agree that Dr. Levine's opinion was inade-
quately reasoned because Dr. Levine failed to reconcile his
conclusion that Schifano was totally disabled due to a pulmonary
impairment with the results of his normal pulmonary function test.
Consequently, we hold that Schifano failed to meet his burden under
Jewell/Robinson and the Permanent Regulations of proving he suffers
from a totally disabling respiratory or pulmonary condition. Absent
such proof, we need not address the final element of his claim,
namely whether pneumoconiosis is a contributing cause to the total
disability. See Jewell, 42 F.3d at 243; Robinson, 914 F.2d at 36; 20
C.F.R. §§ 718.201-.204.

IV.

We have examined Schifano's other alleged assignments of error
and conclude they have no merit. Consequently, we affirm the ALJ's
denial of benefits.

AFFIRMED

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