Filed: Jan. 08, 2014
Latest Update: Mar. 02, 2020
Summary: UNPUBLISHED UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE FOURTH CIRCUIT No. 12-4756 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, Plaintiff - Appellee, v. VERONICA SHARON CUNNINGHAM, a/k/a Sharon Veronica Louis, a/k/a Veronica Sharon Louis, Defendant - Appellant. Appeal from the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia, at Richmond. Robert E. Payne, Senior District Judge. (3:11-cr-00248-REP-1) Submitted: December 10, 2013 Decided: January 8, 2014 Before KING, DIAZ, and THACKER, Circuit Judges. Af
Summary: UNPUBLISHED UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE FOURTH CIRCUIT No. 12-4756 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, Plaintiff - Appellee, v. VERONICA SHARON CUNNINGHAM, a/k/a Sharon Veronica Louis, a/k/a Veronica Sharon Louis, Defendant - Appellant. Appeal from the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia, at Richmond. Robert E. Payne, Senior District Judge. (3:11-cr-00248-REP-1) Submitted: December 10, 2013 Decided: January 8, 2014 Before KING, DIAZ, and THACKER, Circuit Judges. Aff..
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UNPUBLISHED
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE FOURTH CIRCUIT
No. 12-4756
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,
Plaintiff - Appellee,
v.
VERONICA SHARON CUNNINGHAM, a/k/a Sharon Veronica Louis,
a/k/a Veronica Sharon Louis,
Defendant - Appellant.
Appeal from the United States District Court for the Eastern
District of Virginia, at Richmond. Robert E. Payne, Senior
District Judge. (3:11-cr-00248-REP-1)
Submitted: December 10, 2013 Decided: January 8, 2014
Before KING, DIAZ, and THACKER, Circuit Judges.
Affirmed by unpublished per curiam opinion.
J. Paul Gregorio, MORRISSEY & GOLDMAN, LLC, Highland Springs,
Virginia, for Appellant. Michael Calvin Moore, Assistant United
States Attorney, Richmond, Virginia, for Appellee.
Unpublished opinions are not binding precedent in this circuit.
PER CURIAM:
A jury convicted Veronica Sharon Cunningham of twenty-
six counts of health care fraud, in violation of 18 U.S.C. §
1347 (2012); eight counts of making false statements relating to
health care matters, in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 1035 (2012);
and filing a false tax return, in violation of 26 U.S.C. §
7206(1) (2006). The district court sentenced Cunningham to 135
months of imprisonment and she now appeals. Appellate counsel
has filed a brief pursuant to Anders v. California,
386 U.S. 738
(1967), questioning whether there was sufficient evidence to
support the convictions and whether the district court erred in
applying an upward departure under the Sentencing Guidelines.
Cunningham filed a supplemental pro se brief raising additional
issues. * Finding no error, we affirm.
Counsel first questions whether there was sufficient
evidence to support the convictions. We review a district
court’s decision to deny a Federal Rule of Criminal Procedure 29
motion for a judgment of acquittal de novo. United States v.
Smith,
451 F.3d 209, 216 (4th Cir. 2006). A defendant
challenging the sufficiency of the evidence faces a heavy
burden. United States v. Beidler,
110 F.3d 1064, 1067 (4th Cir.
*
We have thoroughly considered the arguments raised in
Cunningham’s pro se supplemental brief and conclude that they
lack merit.
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1997). The verdict of a jury must be sustained “if, viewing the
evidence in the light most favorable to the prosecution, the
verdict is supported by ‘substantial evidence.’”
Smith, 451
F.3d at 216 (citations omitted). Substantial evidence is
“evidence that a reasonable finder of fact could accept as
adequate and sufficient to support a conclusion of a defendant’s
guilt beyond a reasonable doubt.”
Id. (internal quotation marks
and citation omitted). Furthermore, “[t]he jury, not the
reviewing court, weighs the credibility of the evidence and
resolves any conflicts in the evidence presented.”
Beidler, 110
F.3d at 1067 (internal quotation marks and citation omitted).
“Reversal for insufficient evidence is reserved for the rare
case where the prosecution’s failure is clear.”
Id. (internal
quotation marks and citation omitted).
To prove health care fraud, the government had to
prove that Cunningham “knowingly and willfully executed a scheme
to defraud any health care benefit program.” United States v.
Girod,
646 F.3d 304, 313 (5th Cir. 2011); see 18 U.S.C. § 1347.
“To sustain a conviction under 18 U.S.C. § 1035, the government
was required to prove beyond a reasonable doubt that
[Cunningham] ‘knowingly and willfully . . . ma[de] . . .
materially false . . . or fraudulent statements . . . in
connection with the delivery of or payment for health care
benefits, items, or services.’” United States v. McLean, 715
3
F.3d 129, 140 (4th Cir. 2013) (quoting 18 U.S.C. § 1035).
However, “[t]he specific intent to defraud may be inferred from
the totality of the circumstances and need not be proven by
direct evidence.”
Id. at 138 (quoting United States v. Harvey,
532 F.3d 326, 334 (4th Cir. 2008)). Moreover, “a statement is
material . . . if it has a natural tendency to influence, or is
capable of influencing, the decision-making body to which it was
addressed.” United States v. Hamilton,
699 F.3d 356, 362 (4th
Cir. 2012) (internal quotation marks and citation omitted).
Finally, “26 U.S.C. § 7206(1) . . . reaches one who
‘[w]illfully makes and subscribes any return, statement, or
other document, which contains or is verified by a written
declaration that it is made under the penalties of perjury, and
which he does not believe to be true and correct as to every
material matter.’” United States v. Cole,
631 F.3d 146, 151
(4th Cir. 2011). We have thoroughly reviewed the record and the
relevant legal authorities and conclude that the government
provided substantial evidence from which the jury could conclude
that Cunningham was guilty of the offenses of conviction.
Counsel next questions whether the district court
erred in granting the government’s motion for an upward
departure under the Sentencing Guidelines based on the failure
of Cunningham’s criminal history category to adequately reflect
the seriousness of her criminal history. See U.S. Sentencing
4
Guidelines Manual (“U.S.S.G.”) § 4A1.3 (2012). In reviewing the
district court’s calculations under the Guidelines, “we review
the district court’s legal conclusions de novo and its factual
findings for clear error.” United States v. Manigan,
592 F.3d
621, 626 (4th Cir. 2010) (internal quotation marks and citation
omitted). We will “find clear error only if, on the entire
evidence, we are left with the definite and firm conviction that
a mistake has been committed.”
Id. at 631 (internal quotation
marks and citation omitted).
Under U.S.S.G. § 4A1.3(a), a district court may
upwardly depart from the Guidelines range “[i]f reliable
information indicates that the defendant’s criminal history
category substantially underrepresents the seriousness of the
defendant’s criminal history or the likelihood that the
defendant will commit other crimes.” Examples of information
that may form the basis for an upward departure include “[p]rior
similar adult criminal conduct not resulting in a criminal
conviction.” U.S.S.G. § 4A1.3(a)(2)(E). In determining the
extent of the departure, the Guidelines instruct a court to use
as a reference the criminal history category applicable to
defendants whose criminal history or likelihood to reoffend
resembles that of the defendant. U.S.S.G. § 4A1.3(a)(4)(A).
Our review of the record leads us to conclude that the court did
not err in applying an upward departure based on prior uncharged
5
fraudulent and criminal conduct for which Cunningham did not
sustain convictions.
We have examined the entire record in accordance with
the requirements of Anders and have found no meritorious issues
for appeal. Accordingly, we affirm the judgment of the district
court. This court requires that counsel inform Cunningham, in
writing, of the right to petition the Supreme Court of the
United States for further review. If Cunningham requests that a
petition be filed, but counsel believes that such a petition
would be frivolous, then counsel may move in this court for
leave to withdraw from representation. Counsel’s motion must
state that a copy thereof was served on Cunningham. We dispense
with oral argument because the facts and legal contentions are
adequately presented in the materials before this court and
argument would not aid in the decisional process.
AFFIRMED
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