PER CURIAM.
Jay and Erika K. Neil (the "Neils") appeal the district court order dismissing their breach of contract and related claims against Wells Fargo Home Mortgage ("Wells Fargo"). For the following reasons, we vacate the dismissal order of the claims and remand for further proceedings consistent with this opinion.
In 2005, the Neils borrowed $604,000, evidenced by a promissory note and deed of trust, to purchase property located in Centreville, Virginia. Wells Fargo was the original lender and the servicer of the note. In April 2009, the Neils applied to Wells Fargo for a loan modification and provided documentation regarding their financial status which indicated that they were unable, or would soon be unable, to pay their monthly loan payment. This application was denied by Wells Fargo in June 2009.
In October 2009, Wells Fargo, using the financial information submitted by the Neils in that loan modification application, mailed the Neils several documents, including a document labeled "Home Affordable Modification Program Loan Trial Period (Step One of Two-Step Documentation Process") (the "TPP"). This paperwork relates to a federal program designed to assist homeowners at risk of foreclosure called the Home Affordable Modification Program ("HAMP"). The TPP offered the Neils a short-term, three month reduced monthly payment plan under their existing promissory note, apparently to help keep the Neils afloat so they could pursue a modification of their loan through this federal program. The reduced payment was based on the estimated amount that would be due under their note if the Neils ultimately qualified for HAMP.
In response, the Neils signed the TPP and submitted the first reduced monthly payment to Wells Fargo. In September 2010, Wells Fargo informed the Neils that they did not qualify for a permanent modification under HAMP because the net present value ("NPV") calculation of their proposed loan modification was not sufficient.
In May 2013, the Neils filed suit seeking to overturn the foreclosure sale, arguing, among other things, that the TPP is an enforceable contract that obligated Wells Fargo to permanently modify the terms of the Neils' loan. On motion of Wells Fargo, the district court dismissed the case for failure to state a claim after the court determined that the TPP was not a contract because there was no valid consideration.
We review de novo the district court's grant of the Wells Fargo motion to dismiss.
We conclude that the district court erred in dismissing the Neils' breach of contract claim because the TPP was not supported by consideration. The parties agree that Virginia law applies, and under Virginia law, a party must establish three elements to prove the existence of a valid contract: an offer, acceptance, and consideration.
First, the TPP was an offer from Wells Fargo to the Neils. The language of the letter and the TPP itself plainly state that the TPP constitutes an offer from Wells Fargo for a temporary modification of the Neils' loan.
Next, the Neils accepted the Wells Fargo offer by signing the TPP documents and mailing them back to Wells Fargo.
Finally, the contract was supported by consideration. Under Virginia law, consideration represents "the price bargained for and paid for a promise."
In this case, the TPP imposed new obligations on the Neils. First, it required the Neils to commit to credit counseling: "If the lender requires me to obtain credit counseling, I will do so." (J.A. 81 ¶ F). Further, the acknowledgment from Wells Fargo confirming receipt of the Neils' signed acceptance of Wells Fargo's offer indicates and reaffirms that when the Neils "signed [the] Trial Period Plan, [they] agreed to work with a HUD-approved housing counseling agency." (J.A. 86). Also, the Neils provided a Hardship Affidavit indicating they were in default or would soon be in default, as well as certified to Wells Fargo that the previously submitted financial information remained current, true, and accurate. (J.A. 81). Moreover, the Neils agreed that while the TPP was in effect, Wells Fargo would report their loan as
In sum, Wells Fargo made an offer, the Neils accepted that offer, and there was sufficient consideration to create a modification of the contract.