Filed: Mar. 17, 2017
Latest Update: Mar. 03, 2020
Summary: UNPUBLISHED UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE FOURTH CIRCUIT No. 16-4419 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, Plaintiff – Appellee, v. JOHN POLHILL, Defendant - Appellant. Appeal from the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia, at Richmond. Robert E. Payne, Senior District Judge. (3:15-cr-00012-REP-1) Submitted: March 7, 2017 Decided: March 17, 2017 Before MOTZ, WYNN, and HARRIS, Circuit Judges. Affirmed by unpublished per curiam opinion. Geremy C. Kamens, Federal Public Def
Summary: UNPUBLISHED UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE FOURTH CIRCUIT No. 16-4419 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, Plaintiff – Appellee, v. JOHN POLHILL, Defendant - Appellant. Appeal from the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia, at Richmond. Robert E. Payne, Senior District Judge. (3:15-cr-00012-REP-1) Submitted: March 7, 2017 Decided: March 17, 2017 Before MOTZ, WYNN, and HARRIS, Circuit Judges. Affirmed by unpublished per curiam opinion. Geremy C. Kamens, Federal Public Defe..
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UNPUBLISHED
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE FOURTH CIRCUIT
No. 16-4419
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,
Plaintiff – Appellee,
v.
JOHN POLHILL,
Defendant - Appellant.
Appeal from the United States District Court for the Eastern
District of Virginia, at Richmond. Robert E. Payne, Senior
District Judge. (3:15-cr-00012-REP-1)
Submitted: March 7, 2017 Decided: March 17, 2017
Before MOTZ, WYNN, and HARRIS, Circuit Judges.
Affirmed by unpublished per curiam opinion.
Geremy C. Kamens, Federal Public Defender, Frances H. Pratt,
Valencia D. Roberts, Assistant Federal Public Defenders,
Alexandria, Virginia, for Appellant. Dana J. Boente, United
States Attorney, Richard D. Cooke, Assistant United States
Attorney, Richmond, Virginia, for Appellee.
Unpublished opinions are not binding precedent in this circuit.
PER CURIAM:
In accordance with a written plea agreement, John Polhill
pled guilty to bank robbery and aiding and abetting bank
robbery, 18 U.S.C. §§ 2113(a), 2 (2012) (Count One), and
possession and discharge of a firearm in furtherance of a crime
of violence and aiding and abetting the same, 18 U.S.C.
§§ 924(c), 2 (2012) (Count Two). Six months after entering his
plea, Polhill moved to withdraw it, claiming that bank robbery
was not a crime of violence upon which a § 924(c) conviction
could be predicated. The district court applied the six-factor
test set forth in United States v. Moore,
931 F.2d 245, 248 (4th
Cir. 1991), and denied the motion. Polhill received an
aggregate sentence of 207 months. He now appeals, claiming that
the district court erred when it denied his motion to withdraw
the guilty plea. We affirm.
We review a district court’s denial of a motion to withdraw
a guilty plea for abuse of discretion. United States v.
Nicholson,
676 F.3d 376, 383 (4th Cir. 2012). To withdraw a
guilty plea before sentencing, a defendant must “show a fair and
just reason for requesting the withdrawal.” Fed. R. Crim. P.
11(d)(2)(B). “The defendant bears the burden of demonstrating
that withdrawal should be granted.” United States v.
Thompson-Riviere,
561 F.3d 345, 348 (4th Cir. 2009) (alteration
and internal quotation marks omitted). Where the district court
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substantially complied with the Rule 11 requirements, the
defendant must overcome a strong presumption that his guilty
plea is final and binding. United States v. Lambey,
974 F.2d
1389, 1394 (4th Cir. 1992) (en banc).
In deciding a motion to withdraw a guilty plea, the
district court typically considers the following six factors:
(1) whether the defendant has offered credible
evidence that his plea was not knowing or not
voluntary; (2) whether the defendant has credibly
asserted his legal innocence; (3) whether there has
been a delay between the entering of the plea and the
filing of the motion to withdraw the plea; (4) whether
the defendant had the close assistance of competent
counsel; (5) whether withdrawal will cause prejudice
to the government; and (6) whether [withdrawal] will
inconvenience the court and waste judicial resources.
Moore, 931 F.2d at 248.
Of the six Moore factors, Polhill’s brief addresses only
the second. He argues that he is legally innocent of the
firearm conviction because bank robbery cannot serve as a
predicate crime of violence for a § 924(c) conviction. We
recently held that a conviction under 18 U.S.C. § 2113(a) is a
crime of violence under the force clause of § 924(c)(3). United
States v. McNeal,
818 F.3d 141, 151-57 & n.8 (4th Cir. 2016).
Thus, Polhill’s bank robbery conviction qualified as a predicate
crime of violence for his § 924(c) conviction.
We hold that the district court did not abuse its
discretion in denying Polhill’s motion to withdraw his guilty
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plea. We therefore affirm. We dispense with oral argument
because the facts and legal contentions are adequately presented
in the materials before the court and argument would not aid the
decisional process.
AFFIRMED
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