The appellant here entered into a field warehouse arrangement with Seaboard Glass Company, now the bankrupt. It consisted of a lease to appellant of all of the premises of the bankrupt except a small office in the same building. The lease was for a consideration of One Dollar ($1.00) per year, with the premises to be used for the conduct of a field warehouse under a tenancy from month to month and until terminated by written notice of thirty days and after all warehouse receipts or other evidence of storage representing commodities stored on the premises and issued by appellant had been surrendered.

This lease was coupled with a field warehouse agreement1 wherein appellant was employed by the bankrupt to establish and operate a field warehouse and to provide field warehouse services required by the bankrupt. The services contemplated by the agreement were the warehousing of glass and related commodities and appellant was to be paid storage charges with respect to commodities represented by warehouse receipts or other evidences of deposit issued by appellant for borrowing purposes of the bankrupt on one basis, and on another basis in the event it issued warehouse receipts or other evidences of deposit for other than borrowing purposes. Appellant was given a continuing lien on all commodities deposited as security for its charges, costs and expenses.

Non-negotiable warehouse receipts were issued by appellant to a named bank on glass deposited by the bankrupt, and also to two glass merchants who deposited glass in the warehouse for release on terms to the bankrupt. The commodities covered by warehouse receipts were turned over to the receipt holders by appellant without collecting charges due appellant. At the time of the bankruptcy commodities owned by the bankrupt valued at some Six Thousand Dollars were located in the warehouse and appellant claimed a general lien on these commodities to secure the charges accrued on the receipted goods.

The lien was claimed under §§ 678.27 and 678.28, Florida Statutes, F.S.A., which sections are the same as the corresponding sections (27 and 28) of the Uniform Warehouse Receipts Act. This statute does indeed give a warehouseman a general lien on goods deposited for his storage charges and expenses, and the lien may be enforced against all goods whenever deposited belonging to the debtor. Under the common law a warehouseman was entitled only to a specific lien on the goods in storage but under the Uniform Act and the Florida statute which followed it the lien was made general. Harbor View Corporation v. Brandy, 1 Cir., 1951, 189 F.2d 481; 4 Williston on Contracts, § 1058, n. 2 (Rev.Ed. 1936).

The Referee in Bankruptcy found that these commodities were not represented by warehouse receipts and were not deposited with appellant in accordance with the statute, and thus were not subject to the lien of appellant to the detriment of the Trustee in Bankruptcy. The District Court affirmed, and the appeal here is from that affirmance.

A "Warehouseman" within the meaning of the Florida Statute and the Uniform Act is a person lawfully engaged in the business of storing goods for profit. Section 58, Uniform Act; § 678.54, Fla. Statutes, F.S.A. The difference however between an ordinary warehouseman and one engaged in field warehousing is worthy of note here.

Field warehousing is a term applied to an arrangement whereby a wholesaler, manufacturer, or merchant finances his business through the pledge of goods remaining on his premises. The arrangement is valid and effective where there is an actual delivery to the warehouseman by the bailor who has hired the warehouseman and given him exclusive possession of the warehouse goods. The warehouseman in turn issues warehouse receipts which serve to secure loans made by third parties to the bailor on the security of the deposited goods. In effect, it is an arrangement whereby the borrower, instead of taking his goods to the warehouse, arranges for the warehouseman to come to his premises. It is a limited type of warehousing as distinguished from a public warehouse. Union Trust Company v. Wilson, 1904, 198 U.S. 530, 25 S. Ct. 766, 49 L. Ed. 1154; Heffron v. Bank of America, 9 Cir., 1940, 113 F.2d 239, 133 A.L.R. 203; Bradley v. St. Louis Terminal, 8 Cir., 1951, 189 F.2d 818; Barry v. Lawrence Warehouse Company, 9 Cir., 1951, 190 F.2d 433; 133 A.L.R. 209; 56 Am.Jur., Warehouses, § 85, p. 361; and Friedman, Field Warehousing, 42 Col.L.Rev. 991 (1942).

This case turns on whether or not the commodities on which the lien was claimed were deposited with the warehouseman within the meaning of the Florida Statute under which the lien was claimed. Appellant substantially asserted the affirmative of the issue and thus had the burden before the referee of showing facts entitling it to the lien. Aetna Insurance Company of Hartford, Conn. v. Tayor, 5 Cir., 1936, 86 F.2d 225. And first of all appellant had to show the necessary deposit. The referee found that the goods were not so deposited. We must decide if this finding was clearly erroneous. Gunzburg v. Johannesen, Trustee, 5 Cir., 300 F.2d 40; Gen. Orders in Bankruptcy 36 and 47, 11 U.S. C.A. following § 53; Rule 52(a), Fed. R.Civ.P., 28 U.S.C.A. and 2 Collier, Bankruptcy, § 39.16 at p. 1473. The finding of the Referee is buttressed by the denial of the petition to review by the District Court. Gunzburg, supra.

The finding of the Referee of no deposit was not clearly erroneous on the record before us which is barren of evidence of storage or deposit. It does not disclose what the commodities on which the lien is claimed consisted of, when they were put in the warehouse, how they happened to be in the warehouse, who was in charge of them, and who was responsible for them. There was testimony as to the general conduct of the warehouse but it was in no way related to these particular commodities.

The proof wholly failed to show that the commodities here were deposited with the warehouseman. At most it showed only that they were in the leased premises. Unless deposited they cannot be subject to the statutory lien. Cf. Roehl Storage Company v. Wilson, Sup. Ct.Mich., 1934, 268 Mich. 691, 256 N.W. 598, 95 A.L.R. 1525 where no lien was created because the owner neither stored nor assented to the storage of the goods.

Appellant failed to carry the requisite burden of showing a deposit and thus the judgment appealed from must be and is

Affirmed.