The appeal of this diversity jurisdiction case involves a consideration of Louisiana law governing contractual obligations and the Federal Rule of Civil Procedure relating to special jury interrogatories. Gary D. Allan complains that James F. Arnold breached a contract which contained Allan's promises to secure financing for and to promote Arnold's inventions in return for half of the profits realized from existing "ideas and inventions" and the option to purchase future "ideas and inventions." Trial of the case was bifurcated and the matter was submitted to the jury on liability alone. The submission was on special interrogatories and, based on the responses, judgment was entered rejecting Allan's demands. On appeal, Allan maintains that the jury's interrogatory answers are inconsistent and that his post-judgment motions should have been granted. We disagree and affirm.

Allan, a door-to-door salesman, and Arnold, an oilfield worker, first met when Allan came to Arnold's home in 1962. After Allan concluded his sales presentation, the two began discussing Arnold's inventions. Arnold had completed several inventions, and had plans for others, but he lacked the money needed to patent and develop his ideas. Their discussions led to the execution of an agreement, which Allan asked an attorney to prepare.

On January 11, 1963, Allan and Arnold signed the contract which is the subject matter of the present litigation. The contract obliged Allan to furnish or secure the financing needed to patent, develop, and market Arnold's completed inventions and inventions in esse. Allan subsequently contributed a total of $70 for patent searches on two of Arnold's inventions. He also introduced Arnold to a potential investor who declined the opportunity. Then, despite Arnold's urgings, Allan did nothing further, saying that he did not have the money necessary and that his friends were not interested.

In May or June of 1963, Arnold informed Allan that their "deal was off and the agreement at an end." Allan said nothing; he did nothing. Thereafter, acting on his own and with no assistance from Allan, Arnold secured the financing for one of his inventions which became successful commercially. In 1965, investors backed Arnold in his patenting of the Hydrocouple, a device used in coupling the ends of pipes underwater. Many other inventions followed, several of which proved to be financial successes.

Fifteen years after Arnold told Allan that their "deal was off," and following Arnold's intervening success, Allan filed the instant suit. He alleged that Arnold had breached their contract, damaging him in excess of $1,000,000.

The jury concluded its deliberations with the following answers to the special interrogatories:

1. Did the defendant, James Arnold, breach, otherwise improperly terminate, or fail to perform the agreement of January 11, 1963?

2. Did the plaintiff, Gary Allan, breach, otherwise improperly terminate, or fail to perform the agreement of January 11, 1963?

3. Is plaintiff, Gary Allan, entitled to enforce the provisions of the agreement of January 11, 1963, against defendant, James Arnold?

After the responses were read, the jurors were polled and all confirmed the answers. Judgment for Arnold was entered. Allan's motions for judgment notwithstanding the verdict, for new trial, and for permission to interrogate the jurors were denied.

Allan argues that there appears to be an inconsistency in the three responses. By its answers to the first two interrogatories, the jury found that both parties had lived up to the contract. Therefore, the third interrogatory could be consistent only if the contract had been terminated validly, a result Allan maintains cannot be accomplished legally under Louisiana law.

In support of his position, Allan cites Louisiana statutory and jurisprudential authority for the proposition that commutative contracts, see La.Civ.Code arts. 1768 and 1770 (contracts involving covenants of equivalent worth), can be terminated only by the mutual consent of the contractants. See La.Civ.Code art. 1901; Bruhl v. White, 346 So. 2d 734 (La.App.), cert. denied, 349 So. 2d 1268 (La.1977); W. N. Bergeron & Sons v. Caldwell Sugar Co-Op., Inc., 340 So. 2d 1054 (La.App.1976). These authorities are valid, but they are not dispositive of the issue before us.

In his testimony, Allan denied that Arnold ever told him their agreement was at an end. Allan insists that he never acceded to that suggestion, if it were made, and he points out that the agreement was never canceled in writing.

Arnold spoke of the conversation in May or June of 1963 and, in response to questioning by Allan's counsel, observed: "All I know is I told him and Mr. Allan didn't come forth."1 From the record, it is apparent that the jury credited Arnold's testimony and concluded that the contract was terminated because Allan either could not or would not fulfill his commitments. Therefore, he did not resist Arnold's effort to dissolve the agreement.

The issue presented is whether the jury's response to Interrogatory 3, exonerating Arnold from liability, legally is appropriate and reconcilable with the responses to the first two interrogatories. We conclude that the answers are reconcilable and that the answer to number 3 is sound legally.

The jury obviously believed Arnold when he said he told Allan, sometime in May or June of 1963, that their agreement of January 11 was at an end. When Arnold announced his position and intent, Allan stood mute and inactive. The jury, under Louisiana law, was entitled to interpret Allan's silence and inaction as an implied or tacit concurrence in the dissolution.

Article 1901 of the Louisiana Civil Code prescribes that agreements legally entered into "can not be revoked, unless by mutual consent of the parties ...." Contractual consent need not be verbalized. Indeed, the Louisiana Civil Code recognizes that obligations may arise from silence and inaction.2 A fortiori, that which is sufficient to create a contractual obligation, is sufficient to dissolve it.3

Even if we were to resolve that the evidence does not support a conclusion that the agreement of January, 1963 was dissolved properly, Allan's claim is not timely. Arnold raised the limitation question in the trial court. If Arnold illegally announced termination of the agreement, that act constituted an active breach of contract, which obviated the necessity that he be put in default as a prerequisite to suit. In May or June of 1963, Allan's cause of action for breach of contract arose.4 Under Louisiana Civil Code article 3544, such an action must be brought within 10 years. See Mississippi River Grain Elevator, Inc. v. Bartlett & Co., Grain, 659 F.2d 1314 (5th Cir. 1981) (applying Louisiana law). The time for filing suit expired in 1973; the instant suit was filed in 1978.

We conclude that the jury's answers to the special interrogatories are in accord with Louisiana law and consistent with the provisions of Rule 49(a) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. The trial court's denials of the motions for a judgment n. o. v. and a new trial are supported by the evidence and controlling jurisprudence. See, e.g., Boeing Co. v. Shipman, 411 F.2d 365 (5th Cir. 1969) (en banc); Conway v. Chemical Leaman Tank Lines, Inc., 610 F.2d 360 (5th Cir. 1980); Bergeron v. Central Freight Lines, Inc., 504 F.2d 889 (5th Cir. 1974).5

AFFIRMED.