Filed: Nov. 27, 1995
Latest Update: Mar. 02, 2020
Summary: IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE FIFTH CIRCUIT _ No. 95-30306 Summary Calendar _ UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, Plaintiff-Appellee, versus BRAD ELZIE, Defendant-Appellant. _ Appeal from the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Louisiana (94-CR-150) _ November 16, 1995 Before JOLLY, JONES, and STEWART, Circuit Judges. PER CURIAM:* Brad Elzie was convicted by jury of attempt to possess with intent to distribute five kilograms of cocaine. Before trial, Elzie moved for di
Summary: IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE FIFTH CIRCUIT _ No. 95-30306 Summary Calendar _ UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, Plaintiff-Appellee, versus BRAD ELZIE, Defendant-Appellant. _ Appeal from the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Louisiana (94-CR-150) _ November 16, 1995 Before JOLLY, JONES, and STEWART, Circuit Judges. PER CURIAM:* Brad Elzie was convicted by jury of attempt to possess with intent to distribute five kilograms of cocaine. Before trial, Elzie moved for dis..
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IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE FIFTH CIRCUIT
_____________________
No. 95-30306
Summary Calendar
_____________________
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,
Plaintiff-Appellee,
versus
BRAD ELZIE,
Defendant-Appellant.
_________________________________________________________________
Appeal from the United States District Court for the
Eastern District of Louisiana
(94-CR-150)
_________________________________________________________________
November 16, 1995
Before JOLLY, JONES, and STEWART, Circuit Judges.
PER CURIAM:*
Brad Elzie was convicted by jury of attempt to possess with
intent to distribute five kilograms of cocaine. Before trial,
Elzie moved for discovery of other similar acts or convictions that
the government planned to introduce at trial under Federal Rule of
*
Local Rule 47.5 provides: "The publication of opinions that
have no precedential value and merely decide particular cases on
the basis of well-settled principles of law imposes needless
expense on the public and burdens on the legal profession."
Pursuant to that Rule, the court has determined that this opinion
should not be published.
Evidence 404(b)1 and argued that, even if admissible, the danger of
unfair prejudice required exclusion under Rule 403. The government
responded with its notice of intent to introduce evidence relating
to Elzie's conviction on June 15, 1993, for possession of cocaine
and marijuana for the purpose of proving Elzie's intent to
distribute in the present offense. The government outlined the
testimony it intended to introduce to prove the previous
conviction. Elzie did not object to any alleged insufficiency in
the government's notice.
The district court ruled that the government, having given
proper notice, was entitled to offer the Rule 404(b) evidence
because Elzie disputed that he held the requisite intent to commit
the crime charged and the probative value of the evidence was not
substantially outweighed by any prejudicial effect.
At trial, Elzie made a general objection to the introduction
of the Rule 404(b) evidence. The district court read its previous
ruling into the record and overruled the general objection. The
government introduced documentary evidence of Elzie's previous
arrest through one of the arresting officers, Lester Marshal, and
elicited testimony relating to the events leading to the arrest.
Elzie did not object to the scope or content of the testimony. The
1
"Evidence of other crimes, wrongs, or acts is not admissible
to prove the character of a person in order to show action in
conformity therewith. It may, however, be admissible for other
purposes, such as proof of motive, opportunity, intent,
preparation, plan, knowledge, identity, or absence of mistake or
accident. . . ." Fed. R. Evid. 404(b).
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district court gave the jury a limiting instruction after the
evidence was introduced and in the general charge directing the
jury to consider the evidence of Elzie's prior acts only for the
limited purpose of proving state of mind, intent, motive,
opportunity, or a plan.
After conviction and sentencing, Elzie timely appealed his
conviction.
I
NOTICE OF RULE 404(b) EVIDENCE
Elzie argues that the government's notice to introduce
evidence of Elzie's previous conviction for possession of cocaine
did not provide adequate notice that it intended to elicit
testimony from Marshal relating to the specific events leading to
the arrest. Elzie contends that the testimony of Lester Marshal,
one of the arresting officers, implied that Elzie distributed
cocaine at the time of his arrest and on other occasions. Elzie
contends that because the notice related only to introduction of
evidence of a previous conviction for possession of cocaine, it was
insufficient to provide notice of introduction of evidence of
previous distribution of cocaine. Elzie contends that he was
surprised at trial and did not have adequate time to prepare
rebuttal. As such, Elzie argues that the district court erred in
admitting the evidence.
To preserve error for review regarding the admission of
evidence, a party must state a specific ground of objection, unless
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the specific ground is apparent from the context of the record.
Fed. R. Evid. 103(a)(1). At trial, Elzie raised a general
objection to the government's introduction of evidence of his
previous conviction, without stating the specific grounds for his
objection. Based on Elzie's objection in his motion for discovery
and the context of the court's ruling, the objection appears to
have been premised on Elzie's argument that the Rule 404(b)
evidence was too prejudicial under Rule 403 to allow admission.
Further, Elzie failed to object during Marshal's testimony
regarding inadequate notice of the scope of the testimony.
Therefore, Elzie failed to object to the admission of the Rule
404(b) evidence based on insufficient notice. See Rule 103(a)(1).
Under Fed. R. Crim. P. 52(b), we may correct forfeited errors
only when the appellant shows the following factors: (1) there is
an error, (2) that is clear or obvious, and (3) that affects his
substantial rights. United States v. Calverley,
37 F.3d 160, 162-
64 (5th Cir. 1994)(en banc), cert. denied,
115 S. Ct. 1266 (1995)
(citing United States v. Olano,
113 S. Ct. 1770, 1776-79 (1993)).
If these factors are established, the decision to correct the
forfeited error is within the sound discretion of the court, and
the court will not exercise that discretion unless the error
seriously affects the fairness, integrity, or public reputation of
judicial proceedings.
Olano, 113 S. Ct. at 1778.
Elzie's argument fails at the first step of the Olano analysis
because he has failed to show clear or obvious error affecting his
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substantial rights. Rule 404(b) requires notice of "the general
nature" of any anticipated evidence. See Fed. R. Evid. 404(b).
The notice provided by the government satisfied such requirement by
specifying the prior conviction it intended to introduce and
alerting Elzie to the fact that "testimony about defendant's prior
acts will come from a New Orleans police officer who investigated
the defendant for violating Louisiana drug laws." The government's
notice established that its purpose in introducing the previous
conviction of possession of cocaine was to "show [Elzie's] numerous
contacts in the drug world gained by past experience in drug
dealing and a readiness to deal in a variety of controlled
substances, for example, marijuana and cocaine."
The district court did not commit plain error in admitting the
government's Rule 404(b) evidence in relation to the notice issue.
II
PREJUDICE
In the alternative, Elzie argues that the district court
should not have admitted Marshal's testimony under Federal Rule of
Evidence 403 because the testimony's prejudicial effect
substantially outweighed any probative value.
Elzie contends that during the events leading to his previous
arrest, Marshal was not in a position to witness whether Elzie
bought or sold cocaine and, thus, his testimony was unreliable in
relation to the issue whether Elzie previously distributed drugs.
However, Elzie's argument is irrelevant in relation to the purpose
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for which the testimony was offered: to establish that his previous
possession was probative of his disputed intent to distribute in
the charged offense.2 See, e.g.,
Ponce, 8 F.3d at 994;
Gadison, 8
F.3d at 192;
Willis, 6 F.3d at 262. As an arresting officer,
Marshal was in a position to testify to Elzie's previous arrest and
conviction for possession of cocaine and marijuana.
The district court did not abuse its discretion in admitting
the Rule 404(b) evidence.
III
LIMITATION OF CROSS-EXAMINATION
Elzie argues that the district court erred by limiting his
cross-examination of Marshal, denying him due process and his right
to confront witnesses. Elzie contends that such limitation misled
the jury because it never learned that Elzie was previously charged
with only possession of cocaine and marijuana, not distribution.
Elzie contends that the district court also improperly limited his
cross-examination relating to Marshal's bias and interest.
Elzie's argument is without merit. During cross-examination,
Elzie elicited from Marshal testimony that Elzie was previously
charged and convicted only of possession, not distribution, and the
district court limited further cross-examination on this subject
only on the basis of repetitive and argumentative questioning. The
2
At trial, Elzie disputed whether he possessed the requisite
intent to commit the charged offense by claiming he was tricked
into committing the offense and did not know he was carrying money
to purchase drugs.
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district court denied Elzie's cross-examination of Marshal relating
to Marshal's previous partner's drug conviction for the purpose of
showing Marshal's bias and lack of credibility.
The district court restricted Elzie's cross-examination of
Marshal based on the nature of the previous conviction because the
questions had already been asked and answered. Thus, Elzie's
cross-examination was not limited in any manner. The district
court restricted cross-examination relating to Marshal's partner's
conviction because it was irrelevant to his own credibility. A
reasonable jury would not have received a significantly different
impression of Marshal's credibility had Elzie pursued his proposed
line of cross-examination. See United States v. Baresh,
790 F.2d
392, 400-01 (5th Cir. 1986).
The district court's restriction of Elzie's cross-examination
was not an abuse of discretion.
A F F I R M E D.
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