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United States v. Mendoza, 03-10819 (2004)

Court: Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit Number: 03-10819 Visitors: 27
Filed: Jun. 30, 2004
Latest Update: Feb. 21, 2020
Summary: United States Court of Appeals Fifth Circuit F I L E D IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS June 30, 2004 FOR THE FIFTH CIRCUIT Charles R. Fulbruge III Clerk No. 03-10819 Summary Calendar UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, Plaintiff-Appellee, versus OMAR MENDOZA, Defendant-Appellant. - Appeal from the United States District Court for the Northern District of Texas USDC No. 2:03-CR-47-19 - Before JONES, BENAVIDES, and CLEMENT, Circuit Judges. PER CURIAM:* Omar Mendoza appeals his convictions for conspira
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                                                              United States Court of Appeals
                                                                       Fifth Circuit
                                                                     F I L E D
                 IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS               June 30, 2004
                         FOR THE FIFTH CIRCUIT
                                                                Charles R. Fulbruge III
                                                                        Clerk

                               No. 03-10819
                             Summary Calendar


UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,

                                          Plaintiff-Appellee,

versus

OMAR MENDOZA,

                                          Defendant-Appellant.

                         --------------------
             Appeal from the United States District Court
                  for the Northern District of Texas
                        USDC No. 2:03-CR-47-19
                         --------------------

Before JONES, BENAVIDES, and CLEMENT, Circuit Judges.

PER CURIAM:*

     Omar Mendoza appeals his convictions for conspiracy to possess

with intent to distribute 500 grams or more of methamphetamine and

for being a felon in possession of a firearm.              Mendoza moved to

suppress   the    evidence   discovered     during   the    search     of   his

residence.     Following a suppression hearing, the district court

denied the motion, finding that the police officers and the judge

issuing the warrant acted in good faith and that the warrant was

supported by probable cause.      Mendoza argues that this was error.

     *
        Pursuant to 5TH CIR. R. 47.5, the court has determined
that this opinion should not be published and is not precedent
except under the limited circumstances set forth in 5TH CIR.
R. 47.5.4.
                             No. 03-10819
                                  -2-

      In reviewing the denial of a motion to suppress evidence

discovered pursuant to a search warrant, a court first determines

whether the good-faith exception to the exclusionary rule announced

in United States v. Leon, 
468 U.S. 897
(1984), applies.           United

States v. Cherna, 
184 F.3d 403
, 407 (5th Cir. 1999).           The good-

faith exception applies only where the affidavit supporting the

warrant “establish[es] a nexus between the house to be searched and

the evidence sought.”     United States v. Broussard, 
80 F.3d 1025
,

1034 (5th Cir. 1996).

      Mendoza raises two arguments to conclude that the good-faith

exception does not apply.    He first argues that the affidavit was

so lacking in indicia of probable cause as to render belief in its

existence entirely unreasonable.        See 
Cherna, 184 F.3d at 407-08
.

This argument fails.    In United States v. Green, 
634 F.2d 222
, 226

(5th Cir. 1981), this Court stated:

      The justification for allowing a search of a person’s
      residence when that person is suspected of criminal
      activity is the common-sense realization that one tends
      to conceal fruits and instrumentalities of a crime in a
      place to which easy access may be had and in which
      privacy   is  nevertheless   maintained.     In  normal
      situations, few places are more convenient than one’s
      residence for use in planning criminal activities and
      hiding fruits of a crime.

Here, the affidavit contains specific assertions that (1) Mendoza

was   distributing   marijuana,   (2)   the   police   corroborated   this

information through a credible source, and (3) 602 South Pittsburgh

was under the control of Mendoza.          Under Green, the affidavit
                              No. 03-10819
                                   -3-

established the necessary nexus between 602 South Pittsburgh and

the contraband.

      Mendoza’s    second   argument   is   that   the   magistrate   judge

abandoned his judicial role in issuing the warrant.           See 
Cherna, 184 F.3d at 407-08
.     Mendoza speculates that the judge did not give

the warrant sufficient consideration because it was presented late

at night.     The record refutes this speculation: Officer Redden

testified that the judge questioned him specifically regarding the

source of the information contained in the affidavit.          Mendoza has

not shown that Judge Broad abandoned his judicial role.               United

States v. Broussard, 
80 F.3d 1025
, 1035 n.6 (5th Cir. 1996).             The

district court thus did not err in concluding that the good-faith

exception applied in this case.        See 
Cherna, 184 F.3d at 407
.

      Mendoza next asserts that the evidence was insufficient to

allow the jury to conclude that he participated in the drug

conspiracy to possess with intent to distribute more than 500 grams

of methamphetamine.     Because Mendoza failed to move for acquittal

on   the   basis   of   insufficient   evidence    of    participation    in

the conspiracy, this claim is reviewed for plain error only.

See United States v. Herrera, 
313 F.3d 882
, 884-85 (5th Cir. 2002)

(en banc), cert. denied, 
123 S. Ct. 1375
(2003); United States v.

McIntosh, 
280 F.3d 479
, 483 (5th Cir. 2002).

      Mendoza finally contends that he was not part of the larger

conspiracy because he was an independent businessman paying cash

for the narcotics from his suppliers, that he had no stake in their
                                 No. 03-10819
                                      -4-

enterprise, and that they had no stake in his.                  Although evidence

of a buyer-seller relationship alone is insufficient to support

a conspiracy conviction, evidence indicating that both parties

to the sale knew that the drugs were meant for resale is sufficient

to establish a distribution conspiracy between them. United States

v. Casel, 
995 F.2d 1299
, 1306 (5th Cir. 1993).                  Mendoza concedes

that the Government proved an agreement between Denise and Daniel

Contreras     and     others     to    distribute       large      quantities    of

methamphetamine.           Mendoza    also   concedes    that      the   Government

presented the testimony of Denise and Daniel Contreras that he

bought between 20 and 40 pounds of methamphetamine from them.

Intent to distribute may be inferred from possession of a large

amount of contraband.         United States v. Lopez, 
979 F.2d 1024
, 1031

(5th Cir. 1992).      The evidence presented was sufficient to allow a

jury to     find    that   Mendoza    participated      in   the    conspiracy   to

distribute methamphetamine.

     AFFIRMED.

Source:  CourtListener

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