Case: 12-20196       Document: 00512050768         Page: 1     Date Filed: 11/13/2012




           IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                    FOR THE FIFTH CIRCUIT  United States Court of Appeals
                                                    Fifth Circuit

                                                                            FILED
                                                                        November 13, 2012

                                     No. 12-20196                          Lyle W. Cayce
                                   Summary Calendar                             Clerk



VERANDA ASSOCIATES, L.P.,

                                                  Plaintiff-Appellee
v.

MICHAEL HOOPER,

                                                  Defendant-Appellant



                   Appeal from the United States District Court
                        for the Southern District of Texas
                             USDC No: 4:11-CV-4206


Before KING, CLEMENT, and HIGGINSON, Circuit Judges.
PER CURIAM:*
       Appellant Michael Hooper appeals the district court’s award of costs and
fees, pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1447(c), to appellee Veranda Associates, L.P.
(“Veranda”) and also the district court’s denial of his motion to strike some of
Veranda’s pleadings. We AFFIRM.




       *
         Pursuant to 5TH CIR. R. 47.5, the court has determined that this opinion should not
be published and is not precedent except under the limited circumstances set forth in 5TH CIR.
R. 47.5.4.
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                                  No. 11-50481

                        FACTS AND PROCEEDINGS
      Veranda filed this suit against Hooper in Texas state court for breach of
contract after Hooper allegedly abandoned a multi-year commercial lease.
Hooper removed the case to federal court on the basis of 28 U.S.C. § 1332
diversity jurisdiction, claiming that as a New York domiciliary he was diverse
from Veranda, a Texas domiciliary, and that the amount in controversy exceeded
the jurisdictional minimum of $75,000. Veranda filed a motion to remand and
for sanctions, alleging that Hooper was actually domiciled in Texas and that
diversity jurisdiction was therefore improper. Hooper then moved to strike
Veranda’s pleadings on the grounds that they included immaterial information
and that they were deficient with respect to a number of local rules governing
typography, formatting, and electronic filing.       The district court granted
Veranda’s motion to remand, denied sanctions on the ground that Veranda had
not complied with the service requirement of Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 11,
awarded Veranda costs and fees, and ordered Veranda to supplement the record
so as to allow the amount awarded to be fixed. It also denied Hooper’s motion
to strike. After Veranda supplemented the record, the district court set the
amount of costs and fees at $14,859.27. Hooper timely appeals.
                                 DISCUSSION
      Hooper contends that the district court abused its discretion in awarding
attorney fees and costs to Veranda because he had an objectively reasonable
basis for removal. In the alternative, he argues that the district court abused its
discretion in setting the amount of its award. Finally, he asserts that the
district court abused its discretion in failing to grant his motion to strike.
      “We review a district court’s section 1447(c) order for attorney fees under
an abuse of discretion standard.” Hornbuckle v. State Farm Lloyds, 

, 541 (5th Cir. 2004). A district court “may award attorney’s fees when the
removing party lacks an objectively reasonable basis for removal,” and

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                                  No. 11-50481

“attorney’s fees should be denied if an objectively reasonable basis exists.”
Howard v. St. Germain, 

, 457 (5th Cir. 2010) (per curiam).
      For the purposes of diversity jurisdiction, a party’s “citizenship has the
same meaning as domicile. It imports permanent residence in a particular state
with the intention of remaining.” Stine v. Moore, 

, 448 (5th Cir.
1954).
      In determining a litigant’s domicile, the court must address a
      variety of factors. No single factor is determinative. The court
      should look to all evidence shedding light on the litigant’s intention
      to establish domicile. The factors may include the places where the
      litigant exercises civil and political rights, pays taxes, owns real and
      personal property, has driver’s and other licenses, maintains bank
      accounts, belongs to clubs and churches, has places of business or
      employment, and maintains a home for his family.
Coury v. Prot, 

, 251 (5th Cir. 1996).
      Hooper contends that he had an objectively reasonable basis for removing
because he was domiciled in New York at the time of the suit. In support of his
purported New York domicile, Hooper advances the facts that, despite residing
in Texas with his family, he was registered to vote in New York, he owned
property in New York, he maintained driver’s and law licenses in New York, and
he maintained an office in New York.
      However, the district court considered these facts and nevertheless
concluded that Hooper was domiciled in Texas at the time of the suit and that
he therefore had no objectively reasonable basis for removal. In doing so, it
noted the uncontroverted facts that Hooper had purchased a home in Texas for
his family in 2007 and that, in a lawsuit against the sellers of that home,
Hooper’s wife stated that she and Hooper had intended to live and raise their
children there.   The district court also described Hooper’s long history of
maintaining residences in Texas, carrying on business dealings in Texas, and
being party to lawsuits in Texas.


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                                   No. 11-50481

      Considering the record before the district court, and viewing Hooper’s
various factual arguments in light of our longstanding rule, as stated in Prot,
that “[n]o single factor is determinative,” id. at 251, we see no abuse of discretion
in the district court’s determination that Hooper had no objectively reasonable
basis for removal, and we therefore affirm the award of attorney fees and costs
to Hooper.
      Hooper also argues that, even if an award of fees and costs was
appropriate, the district court abused its discretion in the amount of its award
because Veranda claimed fees that were either unnecessary or irrelevant to its
motion for remand. In particular, Hooper takes issue with claimed fees and
costs for legal research and administrative tasks occurring before the notice of
removal had been filed with the district court, claimed fees and costs related to
a motion for sanctions that the district court denied, and claimed fees and costs
related to Veranda’s investigation into Hooper’s life as far back as the 1990’s.
      None of these arguments are availing. 28 U.S.C. § 1447(c) provides that
“[a]n order remanding the case may require payment of just costs and any actual
expenses, including attorney fees, incurred as a result of the removal.”
Veranda’s fees and costs related to the removal that were incurred prior to
removal being docketed still were “incurred as a result of the removal,” as were
Veranda’s fees and costs related to the sanctions motion—had Hooper not
removed the case, none of these fees and costs would have been incurred.
Furthermore, in light of the fact-intensive nature of the remand issue, and
particularly in light of what the district court termed Hooper’s “efforts to conceal
and mislead” with respect to jurisdictional facts, the background investigation
conducted by Veranda’s counsel was highly relevant to its remand motion. In
short, we see no abuse of discretion in the amount of the district court’s fees and
costs award.



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                                  No. 11-50481

      Finally, Hooper contends that the district court abused its discretion in
denying his motion to strike Veranda’s pleadings pursuant to Federal Rule of
Civil Procedure 12(f). In particular, Hooper argues that the district court
misapplied the law in holding that the objected-to documents and allegations
were related to the issue of the propriety of a remand. He asserts that, since
motions to remand are considered purely on the basis of jurisdictional facts
present at the time of removal, the extensive information about his life and
dealings provided by Veranda in its pleadings were unrelated and should have
been stricken.   Furthermore, he alleges that the district court abused its
discretion in not striking documents containing his un-redacted address and
pictures of his minor children.
      We review a district court’s denial of a motion to strike for abuse of
discretion only. United States v. Coney, 

, 379 (5th Cir. 2012). “The
motion to strike should be granted only when the pleading to be stricken has no
possible relation to the controversy.” Augustus v. Bd. of Pub. Instruction, 

, 868 (5th Cir. 1962) (quoting Brown & Williamson Tobacco Corp. v.
United States, 

, 822 (6th Cir. 1953)); see Coney, 689 F.3d at 379. We
agree with the district court that the pleadings that were the subject of Hooper’s
various motions to strike were in fact “directly relevant [as] to the central issue
of the removal.” Although Hooper is correct that only his domicile at the time
of removal is relevant to the remand issue, where he has lived, for how long, and
in what capacity—all of which are spoken to by the pleadings in question—are
undeniably relevant in assessing his proper domicile at the time of removal.
      Furthermore, we see no reason why inclusion of Hooper’s unredacted
address and a picture of one of his minor children in Veranda’s pleadings or the
purported failure of the pleadings to accord with certain formatting standards
would necessitate the drastic remedial measure of striking those pleadings. We



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                                  No. 11-50481

therefore decline to find an abuse of discretion in the district court’s denial of
Hooper’s motion to strike.
                                 CONCLUSION
         For the foregoing reasons, we AFFIRM the judgment of the district
court.




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