Case: 11-50639     Document: 00511770226         Page: 1     Date Filed: 02/28/2012




            IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                     FOR THE FIFTH CIRCUIT  United States Court of Appeals
                                                     Fifth Circuit

                                                                            FILED
                                                                         February 28, 2012
                                       No. 11-50639
                                                                           Lyle W. Cayce
                                                                                Clerk
PRISCILLA POSOS,

                                                  Plaintiff - Appellant
v.

THE CITY OF SAN ANTONIO; WILLIAM MCMANUS, In His Official
Capacity as Chief of the San Antonio Police Department,

                                                  Defendants - Appellees



                   Appeal from the United States District Court
                        for the Western District of Texas
                             USDC 5:11-cv-479-OLG


Before BENAVIDES, STEWART, and CLEMENT, Circuit Judges.
PER CURIAM:*
        Priscilla Posos appeals the district court’s grant of summary judgment in
favor of the City of San Antonio (the “City”) on her claim pursuant to 42 U.S.C.
§ 1983 that the City is liable for damages in connection with her assault by a
San Antonio Police Department (“SAPD”) officer. We AFFIRM.
                           FACTS AND PROCEEDINGS
        Posos alleges that on November 11, 2007, an on-duty, uniformed SAPD
officer, Raymond Ramos, stopped her on the street and questioned her briefly.

        *
         Pursuant to 5TH CIR. R. 47.5, the court has determined that this opinion should not
be published and is not precedent except under the limited circumstances set forth in 5TH CIR.
R. 47.5.4.
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                                 No. 11-50639

Ramos searched Posos’ purse and found a small amount of cocaine. He also found
two containers filled with heroin that Posos had attempted to discard nearby.
Posos alleges that Ramos then forced her into his patrol car and drove her to a
nearby park where he made her inject the heroin he had seized and sexually
assaulted her. After the incident, Posos went to a hospital where she received an
examination that indicated she had been sexually assaulted. Posos reported the
assault to the SAPD, and the department immediately initiated an investigation.
An SAPD detective responsible for the investigation recommended that the local
district attorney bring charges against Ramos, who was subsequently indicted
for sexual assault.
      Posos filed suit in Texas state court, asserting § 1983 claims against the
City, Ramos, and William McManus, in his official capacity as the Chief of Police
of the SAPD. She also brought state law tort claims against Ramos. The City and
McManus removed the case to federal district court. The district court dismissed
the claims against McManus, and Posos voluntarily dropped the individual-
capacity claims against Ramos. The district court then granted the City’s motion
for summary judgment, severed the remaining claims against Ramos, and
entered final judgment in favor of McManus and the City. Posos timely
appealed. Her Notice of Appeal designated the separate orders dismissing the
claims against the City and McManus, but she abandoned her appeal of the
order dismissing the claims against McManus in her opening brief.
                          STANDARD OF REVIEW
      We review a grant of summary judgment de novo, applying the same
standard as the district court. Summary judgment is appropriate when the
evidence, viewed in the light most favorable to the nonmoving party, presents
no genuine issue of material fact and shows that the moving party is entitled to
judgment as a matter of law. See Jackson v. Cal-Western Packaging Corp., 

, 377 (5th Cir. 2010).

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                                   No. 11-50639

                                  DISCUSSION
      A municipality may be held liable under § 1983 when its official policies
or customs cause a constitutional violation. Monell v. Dep’t of Soc. Servs., 

, 690–91 (1978). A municipality will not face liability under a respondeat
superior liability theory. 

Instead, Posos must identify a specific policy
or custom, and show that the City, through the “deliberate conduct” of a final
policymaker, was the “moving force” behind the violation of her rights. Bd. of
Cnty. Comm’rs v. Brown, 

, 405 (1997).
      Posos’ theory of liability is that the City failed adequately to train and
supervise Ramos. To prevail on this theory, Posos must show that (1) the SADP
either failed to supervise or train Ramos; (2) a causal link exists between the
failure to train or supervise and the violation of her rights; and (3) the failure to
train or supervise amounts to “deliberate indifference” to her constitutional
rights. See Smith v. Brenoettsy, 

, 911–12 (5th Cir. 1998). “Deliberate
indifference is a stringent standard of fault, requiring proof that a municipal
actor disregarded a known or obvious consequence of his action.” Estate of Davis
v. City of N. Richland Hills, 

, 381 (5th Cir. 2005) (quoting 

). To demonstrate deliberate indifference, Posos must, at a
minimum, present evidence that the City had notice of a pattern of similar prior
acts. See 

      Posos cannot demonstrate that the City acted with deliberate indifference
to her rights. She does not even allege that other SAPD officers have engaged in
similar conduct, and she failed to present any evidence that the City had either
actual knowledge or constructive notice that Ramos had committed similar acts
before his assault on her. Posos attempts to support her argument only by
pointing to evidence that the SAPD had notice Ramos routinely contacted and
spoke with prostitutes while on duty, a fact that Posos deems highly suspicious.
But it is undisputed that Ramos used prostitutes as confidential informants, an

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                                 No. 11-50639

apparently legitimate investigative practice, and Posos has failed to demonstrate
that his prior actions put the SAPD on notice that he was engaged in a pattern
of assaulting the women he consulted. Posos therefore failed to present a triable
issue of fact on whether the City was liable under § 1983 for Ramos’ abusive
conduct.
                                CONCLUSION
      For the reasons stated above, the judgment of the district court is
AFFIRMED.




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