Case: 14-40856      Document: 00513304040         Page: 1    Date Filed: 12/11/2015




           IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                    FOR THE FIFTH CIRCUIT     United States Court of Appeals
                                                                                   Fifth Circuit

                                                                                  FILED
                                                                            December 11, 2015
                                      No. 14-40856
                                                                               Lyle W. Cayce
                                                                                    Clerk
EMERALD CITY MANAGEMENT, L.L.C.; EMERALD CITY BAND,
INCORPORATED,

               Plaintiffs - Appellees

v.

JORDAN KAHN; JORDAN KAHN MUSIC COMPANY, L.L.C.,

               Defendants - Appellants




                   Appeal from the United States District Court
                        for the Eastern District of Texas
                             USDC No. 4:14-CV-358


Before KING, DENNIS, and OWEN, Circuit Judges.
PER CURIAM:*
       Jordan Kahn appeals the district court’s grant of a preliminary
injunction preventing Kahn from using the name, “Downtown Fever,” in the
state of Texas. Kahn first operated a band under the name Downtown Fever
in Boston, Massachusetts. Subsequently, he moved to Dallas, Texas, to work
for plaintiff-appellee Emerald City Management, L.L.C. (“Emerald City”).



       * Pursuant to 5TH CIR. R. 47.5, the court has determined that this opinion should not
be published and is not precedent except under the limited circumstances set forth in 5TH
CIR. R. 47.5.4.
    Case: 14-40856     Document: 00513304040    Page: 2   Date Filed: 12/11/2015



                                 No. 14-40856
Emerald City hired Kahn to serve, among other things, as the band leader of
a new band Emerald City had decided to form. Kahn suggested the new band
be named Downtown Fever and Emerald City agreed, later registering the
name as a trademark in Texas. After several years, Kahn resigned from
Emerald City and attempted to market his own Downtown Fever band in the
Dallas area, directly in competition with Emerald City’s Downtown Fever
band. Emerald City petitioned the district court for a preliminary injunction
to block Kahn from using the name Downtown Fever in Texas and the district
court granted the injunction. This appeal followed.
      We review a district court’s grant of a preliminary injunction for abuse
of discretion and its findings of fact for clear error. Paulsson Geophysical
Servs., Inc. v. Sigmar, 

, 306 (5th Cir. 2008) (per curiam). A
preliminary injunction requires a showing of (1) a substantial likelihood of
success on the merits; (2) a substantial threat of irreparable harm absent an
injunction; (3) a balance of hardships favoring an injunction; and (4) no
detriment to the public interest. Daniels Health Scis., L.L.C. v. Vascular
Health Scis., L.L.C., 

, 582 (5th Cir. 2013). We see no abuse of
discretion or clear error in the district court’s determination that each
requirement is satisfied here.
      Kahn’s principal argument on appeal is that the district court improperly
presumed a threat of irreparable harm solely from a likelihood of confusion in
the Texas market. We need not consider the validity of that presumption,
however, because the record before us supports a finding of a substantial threat
of irreparable harm.    See 

(declining to decide
whether presumption applies because record indicated that district court’s
finding of irreparable harm was not clear error). “The absence of an available
remedy by which the movant can later recover monetary damages may be
sufficient to show irreparable injury.” 

(alterations and quotation
                                       2
    Case: 14-40856    Document: 00513304040     Page: 3   Date Filed: 12/11/2015



                                 No. 14-40856
marks omitted). In Paulsson, we held that damage could not be fully repaired
by monetary remedies where the small community of the plaintiff’s potential
customers may have been confused by the defendants providing services under
the plaintiff’s mark; there was a threat to the goodwill and value of the
plaintiff’s mark because the defendants were continuing to use the mark while
modifying the product associated with it; and any damage to goodwill could not
be quantified. 

see also Kos Pharm., Inc. v. Andrx Corp., 

, 726 (3d Cir. 2004) (“Grounds for irreparable injury include loss of control
of reputation, loss of trade, and loss of goodwill.” (citation omitted)); Re/Max
N. Cent., Inc. v. Cook, 

, 432 (7th Cir. 2001) (“The most corrosive
and irreparable harm attributable to trademark infringement is the inability
of the victim to control the nature and quality of the defendants’ goods.”
(citation omitted)). Here, the evidence supports finding that Emerald City has
developed goodwill for the Downtown Fever name in Texas over the course of
several years; that Kahn intends to play as Downtown Fever in the Dallas area
in the immediate future; and that Kahn has contacted customers of Emerald
City informing them of his band by the same name and has sought business
from those customers. Not only has the existence of two bands by the name
Downtown Fever in the Dallas area caused confusion, but Emerald City has no
means of managing the content and quality of Kahn’s Downtown Fever band,
and thereby has lost control over the mark’s reputation and goodwill. Since
the damage caused by Emerald City’s loss of control over the Downtown Fever
mark cannot be quantified, the district court did not clearly err in finding a
substantial risk of irreparable harm.
      Kahn also argues that Emerald City has not shown a likelihood of
success on the merits because Emerald City did not adopt the Downtown Fever
mark in good faith, as is required when a junior user seeks to enjoin a senior
user’s use of a mark. See Emergency One, Inc. v. Am. Fire Eagle Engine Co.,
                                        3
    Case: 14-40856    Document: 00513304040      Page: 4    Date Filed: 12/11/2015



                                 No. 14-40856

, 271 (4th Cir. 2003). The record, however, abundantly supports
a finding of good faith. There is credible evidence that Kahn agreed to Emerald
City’s use of the name Downtown Fever in Texas and there is no evidence
Emerald City intended to benefit from any goodwill Kahn may have
established for the name Downtown Fever in Boston. The district court did
not err in finding a likelihood of success on the merits.
      After considering the written and oral arguments of the parties and the
evidence of record, we AFFIRM the judgment of the district court for the
reasons described above.




                                        4