EVANS, Circuit Judge.
During his lifetime, which spans almost 70 years, Robert Cantrell accomplished many things. In a brief on this appeal, his attorney writes that "Cantrell is an Indiana legend and hero." The brief goes on (for many pages) noting that Cantrell was a college baseball and basketball star "feeding assists to Cazzie Russell"
Although this is primarily a sentencing appeal, we begin by briefly addressing Cantrell's preserved argument regarding his § 1346 conviction. While this case was pending on appeal, the Supreme Court decided Skilling v. United States, 561 U.S. ___, 130 S.Ct. 2896, 177 L.Ed.2d 619 (2010), Black v. United States, 561 U.S. ___, 130 S.Ct. 2963, 177 L.Ed.2d 695 (2010), and Weyhrauch v. United States, 561 U.S. ___, 130 S.Ct. 2971, 177 L.Ed.2d 705 (2010), all of which involved the honest services statute. In Skilling, the most comprehensive of the three opinions, the Court observed that "[t]he `vast majority' of the honest-services cases involved offenders who, in violation of a fiduciary duty, participated in bribery or kickback schemes." Skilling, ___ U.S. ___, ___, 130 S.Ct. 2896, 2930, 177 L.Ed.2d 619. Based on this observation and a desire to avoid "taking a wrecking ball to a statute that can be salvaged through a reasonable narrowing interpretation," id. at 2931 n. 44, the Court ultimately held that, "[i]nterpreted to encompass only bribery and kickback schemes, § 1346 is not unconstitutionally vague." Id. at 2933.
The indictment charged Cantrell with using his position as a public official of North Township of Lake County, Indiana,
Cantrell primarily raises two sentencing issues, which involve the district judge's application of U.S.S.G. § 2C1.1 and his consideration of Cantrell's arguments for leniency. Our review of the former is only for plain error, as Cantrell failed to object to the guideline calculations at sentencing. United States v. Garrett, 528 F.3d 525, 527 (7th Cir.2008). As a result, Cantrell must establish that the district judge committed error, that is plain, and that affected his substantial rights. United States v. Baretz, 411 F.3d 867, 875 (7th Cir.2005).
Cantrell claims that the district judge should have applied U.S.S.G. § 2B1.1, entitled, "Larceny, Embezzlement, and Other Forms of Theft; ...," instead of U.S.S.G. § 2C1.1, entitled, "Offering, Giving, Soliciting, or Receiving a Bribe; ... Fraud Involving the Deprivation of the Intangible Right to Honest Services of Public Officials; ...," because his conduct was more akin to simple theft than honest services fraud. He justifies his position almost exclusively on our decision in United States v. Orsburn, 525 F.3d 543 (7th Cir.2008). There, Teresa Orsburn—who was appointed to keep records and write checks by the township's trustee, her husband, Michael—wrote checks to her husband using erasable ink. After the checks had been deposited and mailed back to the office, Teresa replaced Michael's name with that of a legitimate payee. While Orsburn involved nothing more than embezzlement, we held that the defendants could be convicted under 18
In contrast, and as we previously noted, Cantrell did not just steal money from North Township. Rather, he used his position at North Township to steer contracts and renewals to a third party, AFC, which compensated Cantrell with proceeds from the contracts.
Nor did Cantrell merely fail to disclose a conflicting financial interest. Our conclusion here is supported by a discussion in Skilling. There, the government attempted to preserve the full breadth of the honest services statute by arguing that McNally v. United States, 483 U.S. 350, 107 S.Ct. 2875, 97 L.Ed.2d 292 (1987), which spurred Congress to enact § 1346,
Skilling, ___ U.S. ___, ___, 130 S.Ct. 2896, 2931, 177 L.Ed.2d 619 (citations omitted). The conduct here is analogous to the description of McNally. Accordingly, we find no error in the application of U.S.S.G. § 2C1.1.
Lastly, we turn to Cantrell's complaint that the district judge failed to consider his arguments for leniency at sentencing. Whether appropriate sentencing procedures were followed is a question of law subject to de novo review. United States v. Mendoza, 510 F.3d 749, 754 (7th Cir.2007). Proper procedures include calculating the guidelines range, analyzing the § 3553(a) factors, basing the sentence on accurate facts, and explaining the reasoning. United States v. Omole, 523 F.3d 691, 697 (7th Cir.2008).
Cantrell argues that the district judge failed to address certain factors he cited in favor of a below-guideline sentence—mainly, his age and decorated military career. Cantrell's argument regarding his age is curious, as the district judge explicitly considered that factor:
The judge also mentioned Cantrell's accomplishments, noting that he "had a good career at the University of Michigan," "got [him]self a doctorate degree," "move[d] up in the school systems," "[was] a fairly good daddy," and "helped individuals." Although the judge did not specifically reference Cantrell's military career, this was not required. See United States v. Paige, 611 F.3d 397, 398 (7th Cir.2010) (collecting cases supporting the proposition that "we regularly affirm sentences where the district judge does not explicitly mention each mitigation argument raised by the defendant").
The district judge was required, however, to explain why the sentence was appropriate in light of Cantrell's arguments. And that he did. The judge rejected Cantrell's argument that he was a good father noting that he put his children in harm's way by fraudulently procuring health insurance on their behalf. The judge was also bothered by the length of time (about six years) that Cantrell was involved in criminal activity. And the judge noted that Cantrell's cut from AFC ($68,000) was significant and could have been used by the township to help the poor. Finally, the judge explained that although Cantrell helped several individuals throughout his life, it appeared that, in many cases, he did so to further his own interests. Thus, there is no evidence that the district judge committed procedural error or otherwise acted unreasonably in imposing a within-guideline sentence.
For these reasons, the judgment of the district court is AFFIRMED.