Judges: Per Curiam
Filed: Jun. 04, 2018
Latest Update: Mar. 03, 2020
Summary: NONPRECEDENTIAL DISPOSITION To be cited only in accordance with Fed. R. App. P. 32.1 United States Court of Appeals For the Seventh Circuit Chicago, Illinois 60604 Submitted May 29, 2018* Decided June 4, 2018 Before FRANK H. EASTERBROOK, Circuit Judge DAVID F. HAMILTON, Circuit Judge AMY C. BARRETT, Circuit Judge No. 17-2891 RICKY N. ALEXANDER, Appeal from the United States District Plaintiff-Appellant, Court for the Western District of Wisconsin. v. No. 14-cv-849 RICHARD A. RASMUSSEN, et al., J
Summary: NONPRECEDENTIAL DISPOSITION To be cited only in accordance with Fed. R. App. P. 32.1 United States Court of Appeals For the Seventh Circuit Chicago, Illinois 60604 Submitted May 29, 2018* Decided June 4, 2018 Before FRANK H. EASTERBROOK, Circuit Judge DAVID F. HAMILTON, Circuit Judge AMY C. BARRETT, Circuit Judge No. 17-2891 RICKY N. ALEXANDER, Appeal from the United States District Plaintiff-Appellant, Court for the Western District of Wisconsin. v. No. 14-cv-849 RICHARD A. RASMUSSEN, et al., Ja..
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NONPRECEDENTIAL DISPOSITION
To be cited only in accordance with Fed. R. App. P. 32.1
United States Court of Appeals
For the Seventh Circuit
Chicago, Illinois 60604
Submitted May 29, 2018*
Decided June 4, 2018
Before
FRANK H. EASTERBROOK, Circuit Judge
DAVID F. HAMILTON, Circuit Judge
AMY C. BARRETT, Circuit Judge
No. 17‐2891
RICKY N. ALEXANDER, Appeal from the United States District
Plaintiff‐Appellant, Court for the Western District of Wisconsin.
v. No. 14‐cv‐849
RICHARD A. RASMUSSEN, et al., James D. Peterson,
Defendants‐Appellees. Chief Judge.
O R D E R
Ricky Alexander, a Wisconsin prisoner, sued prison officials for violating his
rights to due process and equal protection while investigating and disciplining him
after he battered another inmate. The district court dismissed his due process claim at
screening. It later entered summary judgment for prison officials on the equal
protection claim after they showed that Alexander failed to exhaust his administrative
remedies. We affirm the judgment because Alexander received all of the process that he
was due and did not exhaust his administrative remedies on his equal protection claim.
* We have agreed to decide this case without oral argument because the briefs
and record adequately present the facts and legal arguments, and oral argument would
not significantly aid the court. FED. R. APP. P. 34(a)(2)(C).
No. 17‐2891 Page 2
Alexander and another inmate, Benjamin Kamedulski, brawled in February 2013;
their written accounts of who provoked whom differ. According to Alexander, after he
received a haircut, Kamedulski warned Alexander that he (Kamedulski) would hurt
Alexander if he got any hair on Kamedulski. While holding a chair, Alexander then
walked past Kamedulski, who grabbed and choked Alexander. Fearing for his life,
Alexander struck back. Kamedulski’s story was different: When Alexander approached
him with hair all over his shirt, he told Alexander to stop. Alexander nevertheless came
closer, though. Kamedulski repeated his warning, and he added that if Alexander got
hair on him, he would hurt Alexander. Alexander then deliberately rubbed hair
clippings on Kamedulski, who tried to push Alexander away. They both ended up on
the floor, with Alexander beating Kamedulski.
A correctional officer investigated the incident. He found Kamedulski with
significant injuries to his face, consistent with being a victim of battery. (Alexander
himself submitted evidence of Kamedulski’s injuries: a broken jaw and fractures of the
cheek bone, eye socket, and temple plate.) The officer placed Alexander in temporary
lockup, examined Alexander’s hands, and noticed that some of his knuckles were
swollen. He opined in a prehearing report that it was “more likely than not” that
Alexander battered Kamedulski.
About a month later, Lieutenant Richard Rasmussen held a hearing and found
Alexander guilty of battery. He was ordered to spend 240 days in restrictive housing
and to pay for Kamedulski’s medical bills. Rasmussen referred Alexander to the
Program Review Committee, which ultimately led to his transfer to a more secure
facility. Alexander did not lose any good‐time credit, however, nor did the prison alter
the rate at which he accrued credit.
Alexander filed five grievances challenging the disciplinary process. The first
four did not mention race discrimination. The fifth came a year and a half after the
disciplinary ruling. In it, Alexander, who is African American, wrote that prison
officials violated his “right to equal protection of law and racial discrimination.” He
complained that they charged him, “the African American inmate … with battery and
failed to charge the white Caucasian inmate … with any disciplinary action, although
the white inmate initiated the altercation.” The prison rejected all of the grievances.
This lawsuit for violations of due process and equal protection came next.
Alexander argued that the investigating officer violated his due process rights by not
including in his prehearing report Alexander’s or Kamedulski’s written statements.
(Alexander thought, incorrectly, that Kamedulski had admitted to being the first
aggressor.) The district court dismissed the complaint, reasoning that Alexander
No. 17‐2891 Page 3
received the process that he was due and insufficiently pleaded a violation of equal
protection. The court later agreed to reinstate the discrimination claim as adequately
pleaded but agreed with the defendants that Alexander had failed to exhaust his
administrative remedies on that claim, resulting in the entry of summary judgment
against him.
On appeal, Alexander attacks the district judge’s dismissal of his due process
claim, but we are not persuaded. We assume for purposes of argument that the prison
deprived him of protected liberty or property interests by placing him in segregation
and ordering restitution. The placement in segregation altered his conditions of
confinement, not the duration. A suit challenging conditions of confinement is possible
under 42 U.S.C. § 1983 for a due‐process violation, as distinct from a habeas corpus
petition under 28 U.S.C. § 2254, which would be required if his discipline had included
the loss of good‐time credits. See Wolff v. McDonnell, 418 U.S. 539, 554 (1974). Due
process would entitle Alexander to advance notice of the charge against him, a hearing
before an impartial decision maker, a chance to present evidence, and an explanation of
the ruling against him, Scruggs v. Jordan, 485 F.3d 934, 939 (7th Cir. 2007), as well as
“some evidence” supporting the decision. Superintendent v. Hill, 472 U.S. 445, 455 (1985).
Alexander contends that he was denied due process because his and Kamedulski’s
statements were excluded from the prehearing report. But he points to no exculpatory
information in those statements that was not available to him at the hearing. See
Donelson v. Pfister, 811 F.3d 911, 917–18 (7th Cir. 2016) (concluding that prison officials
need not allow irrelevant, repetitive, or unnecessary evidence). Alexander was present
at the hearing and could offer his own statement at the hearing itself. And Kamedulski’s
statement was not exculpatory. Although Alexander thinks that Kamedulski admitted
in his statement that he, not Alexander, was the aggressor, he did not. Exclusion of
Kamedulski’s statement was harmless. See id.
Alexander also challenges the district judge’s conclusion that he did not exhaust
his administrative remedies as required by 42 U.S.C. § 1997e(a) on his race‐
discrimination claim for denial of equal protection of the laws. He first argues that
Wisconsin prohibits him from filing a grievance about a disciplinary decision. But the
text of the Wisconsin Administrative Code contradicts his argument. It provides a two‐
step process for asserting a challenge to a disciplinary decision. First, within 10 days of
receiving the decision an inmate may appeal it to the warden. WIS. ADM. CODE DOC
§ 303.82(1). Second, if not satisfied with the result of the appeal, the inmate has 14 days
to grieve the disciplinary ruling through the Inmate Complaint Review System. WIS.
ADM. CODE DOC § 310.06(2)(b), 07. Because Alexander took 18 months to initiate his
race‐discrimination grievance, he did not timely exhaust these remedies.
No. 17‐2891 Page 4
Recognizing that he did not timely exhaust his administrative remedies,
Alexander offers two reasons that we should excuse his failure. First, he asserts that the
hearing examiner told him only about the right to appeal to the warden, not the
additional right to grieve through the Inmate Complaint Review System. Prison officials
may not actively mislead a prisoner about completing an exhaustion requirement.
Swisher v. Porter Cty. Sheriff’s Dept., 769 F.3d 553, 555 (7th Cir. 2014). But Alexander
offers no evidence that the examiner lied to him and told him that filing a grievance was
unnecessary. Nor does he assert that he had never received information from the prison
about the Inmate Complaint Review System. This argument does not justify the failure
to exhaust administrative remedies.
Second, Alexander argues that he is excused from timely exhausting
administrative remedies because, he says, he did not learn until 18 months after the
disciplinary ruling that the prison had not punished Kamedulski; once he learned of the
disparate treatment, he filed his grievance. Although an inmate can be excused from an
exhaustion requirement when events make it impossible to comply, see Hurst v. Hantke,
634 F.3d 409, 412 (7th Cir. 2011), Wisconsin requires that prisoners show “good cause”
to prison officials for a late grievance, WIS. ADM. CODE DOC § 310.07(2). And here,
Alexander did not provide to those officials any reason for filing his grievance more
than a year and a half after his disciplinary hearing. The reason that he raises now he
pressed for the first time in the district court, but that was too late; he was required to
provide the explanation to the officials processing grievances. King v. McCarty, 781 F.3d
889, 893 (7th Cir. 2015) (noting that a prisoner must complete the grievance process
even if he expects it to be futile). Moreover, Alexander has not supported this excuse
with a sworn statement. Therefore we have no reason to disagree with the district court
that Alexander failed to exhaust his administrative remedies.
AFFIRMED.