Phyllis J. Titus appeals from the district court's grant of summary judgment in favor of the Commissioner of Social Security's denial of Titus's claim for supplemental security income (SSI) benefits. Titus v. Callahan, No. 3-96-CV-80124 (S.D.Iowa Apr. 14, 1997). We reverse and remand to the district court with directions to return Titus's claim to the Commissioner for an additional hearing and redetermination of her eligibility for SSI benefits.

The relevant facts of this case are found in the record compiled by the administrative law judge (ALJ). The record established that Titus, born January 27, 1946, had a tenth-grade education and a full-scale IQ of 71, placing her at the lowest end of the borderline range of intellectual functioning. Titus had worked at several menial jobs before applying for SSI benefits, including that of hand packager, salvage laborer, motel cleaner, commercial cleaner, and production assembler. None of the skills acquired on these jobs was transferrable. Titus never made over $2,100 a year, and she has made over $1,000 a year only twice since 1967. She has not been substantially employed since October 5, 1990.

The ALJ determined that Titus had a major depressive disorder, possible cirrhosis of the liver, a history of alcohol abuse, status post bilateral carpal tunnel release surgery, and adult onset diabetes. After listening to the vocational expert's (VE) testimony and engaging in dialogue with the VE and Titus's attorney, the ALJ found that although Titus could no longer perform her past work, she could perform other clerical jobs. He found, based upon the VE's opinion, that Titus could work at three clerical-type jobs of which there were significant numbers in the local and national economy. The VE specifically based his opinion on the categories of jobs enumerated in the Dictionary of Occupational Titles (DOT) (4th ed. vol. I 1991): addresser, officer helper, and document preparer. Titus has no past experience doing this type of work. The district court affirmed the decision of the Commissioner and Titus appeals.

The applicable standard of review is whether, after reviewing the entire record, there is substantial evidence that supports the Commissioner's finding of no disability within the meaning of the Social Security Act. Hogg v. Shalala, 45 F.3d 276, 278 (8th Cir.1995) (citations omitted). For the reasons set forth below, we do not believe that substantial evidence supports such a finding.

We acknowledge that although Titus has no past experience doing the type of clerical work recommended by the VE, the record indicates that Titus has the physical strength to perform each of them. The record does not support a finding, however, that she has the mathematical, reasoning, or language skills to perform the duties on a full-time basis in a sometimes competitive and stressful environment in the working world. See e.g., Detrick v. Callahan, 115 F.3d 573, 574-75 (8th Cir.1997) (describing as "a stretch of the imagination" the belief that one will succeed in certain jobs, on a day-to-day basis, where one has limited work skills, limited education, and physical disabilities); McCoy v. Schweiker, 683 F.2d 1138, 1147 (8th Cir.1982) (en banc) (finding that an ALJ must determine whether one applying for SSI has "the ability to perform the requisite physical acts day in and day out in the sometimes competitive and stressful conditions in which real people work in the real world").

For example, to work as an addresser, DOT 209.587-010, Titus would be required to address "by hand or typewriter, envelopes, cards, advertising literature, packages, and similar items for mailing" and she "[m]ay sort mail." Dictionary of Occupational Titles, (vol.I), supra, at 180. Additionally, the DOT's Guide for Occupational Exploration (GOE) mandates an addresser to be classified at mathematical development level 1, which requires the ability to:

Add and subtract two digit numbers. Multiply and divide 10's and 100's by 2, 3, 4, 5. Perform the four basic arithmetic operations with coins as part of a dollar. Perform operations with units such as cup, pint, and quart; inch, foot, and yard; and ounce and pound.

Dictionary of Occupational Titles (4th ed. vol. II 1991), GOE's Scale of General Educational Development, App. C, at 1011.1 An addresser is classified at language development level 2, requiring the following skills:

Passive vocabulary of 5,000-6,000 words. Read at rate of 190-215 words per minute. Read adventure stories and comic books, looking up unfamiliar words in dictionary for meaning, spelling, and pronunciation. Read instructions for assembling model cars and airplanes.

Write compound and complex sentences, using cursive style, proper end punctuation, and employing adjectives and adverbs.

Speak clearly and distinctly with appropriate pauses and emphasis, correct pronunciation, variations in word order, using present, perfect, and future tenses.

Id. There is no indication in the record that Titus possesses these job skills.2

Additionally, the second job, that of officer helper, DOT 239.567-010,3 and the third job, that of document preparer, DOT 249.587-018,4 are even more complex than the job of an addresser. Most notably, an office helper is required to have a mathematical development of level 2 rather than level 1. The job of document preparer provides for a reasoning development of level 3,5 rather than level 2, that required of an addresser or office helper. In the absence of a showing that Titus has the skills to be an addresser, evidence that she has the skills to be an office helper or document preparer are certainly absent from the record.

Because Titus has adequately shown that she cannot return to her former employment, the Commissioner has the burden of proof in demonstrating that Titus can secure a job in the national economy. See McCoy, 683 F.2d at 1146-1147. The Commissioner must present substantial evidence that Titus can, in fact, perform the duties of these positions. Id. at 1147. At this point, the record is incomplete regarding the specific skills required by the positions recommended by the VE. The Commissioner must therefore make a specific finding on the issue before the court can accept or reject his determination.

We are also concerned about the ALJ's determination under the present facts that Titus will have no problem working and getting along with others in the workplace, despite strong indications by the VE to the contrary. After reviewing extensive dialogue between the ALJ, the VE, and Titus's attorney, we ask the Commissioner to consider the VE's conclusions concerning Titus's workplace difficulties.6

The ALJ rejected the opinion given by the VE concerning whether Titus could adequately perform in the workplace. He stated:

At the hearing, the undersigned also posed a hypothetical question to the vocational expert which included the physical limitations included in her residual functional capacity and also the exact wording concerning her mental functional abilities previously noted herein and contained in Exhibit 34. The vocational expert responded that the claimant would not be able to engage in competitive employment due to the stated difficulty with accepting criticism and instruction, and the stated inability to work within a schedule. However, the claimant has had numerous jobs, including her most recent one, which involved accepting criticism and instruction and working in a schedule, and was able to perform in those jobs. Therefore, there is no sound basis for those limitations, and the hypothetical question based on the claimant's statements is considered to be a more accurate expression of her residual functional capacity.

Id. at 24.

The ALJ's reasons for rejecting the expert's testimony are not persuasive. The record indicates that her past jobs were menial and part time, and that Titus had great difficulty working with others. Although the ALJ might reach the same conclusion after considering Titus's previous employment history and the skills required for the three clerical jobs discussed above, we are unwilling to make that conclusion until the full record is developed.

We remand to the district court with directions to return Titus's claim to the Commissioner for a determination of whether Titus, in light of her education, experience, job skills, and cognitive functioning, is able to perform the duties required in the stated positions or other positions on a full-time basis.