United States Court of Appeals
                            FOR THE EIGHTH CIRCUIT
                                   ___________

                                   No. 98-1955
                                   ___________

RICHARD E. CURTIS,                       *
                                         *
           Appellant,                    *
                                         *
      v.                                 *   Appeal from the
                                         *   United States District Court
MIKE KEMNA,                              *   For the Western District
                                         *   of Missouri
           Appellee.                     *

                                           [UNPUBLISHED]
                                   ___________

                              Submitted: June 14, 1999
                               Filed: October 8, 1999
                                    ___________

Before BEAM and MORRIS SHEPPARD ARNOLD, Circuit
      Judges, and PANNER1, District Judge
                               ___________


PER CURIAM




      1
       The Honorable Owen M. Panner, United States District Judge for the District
of Oregon, sitting by designation.
       Petitioner Richard Curtis appeals the district court's2 denial of his petition for writ

of habeas corpus under 28 U.S.C. § 2254. The issue is whether petitioner's acquittal on

a charge of "armed criminal action" should have barred evidence at petitioner's subsequent

rape trial that petitioner had threatened the victim with a knife.

       We affirm.

                                     BACKGROUND

       At petitioner's first trial, he was charged with forcible rape and armed criminal

action. The victim, an acquaintance of petitioner, testified that after she allowed petitioner

into her apartment, he held a knife to her throat and raped her.

       The victim was unsure whether petitioner's knife was a folding pocket knife. She

testified that while petitioner kept the knife at her throat, he rummaged through kitchen

drawers as though searching for a larger knife.

       The jury acquitted petitioner on the armed criminal action charge. The jury could

not reach a verdict on the forcible rape charge.

       At petitioner's subsequent trial on the rape charge, the victim again testified that

petitioner had held a knife to her throat. She described the knife as black-handled with

a shiny, silver blade. No knife was introduced as an exhibit in either trial.




       2
        The Honorable Howard F. Sachs, United States District Judge for the Western
District of Missouri.
                                              2
         Petitioner testified that he had consensual sex with the victim. He denied using

force.

         Petitioner was convicted of forcible rape. The Missouri Court of Appeals affirmed.

State v. Curtis, 

(Mo. Ct. App. 1996).

                                       STANDARDS

         In reviewing the denial of a habeas corpus petition, this court reviews the district

court's legal conclusions de novo and findings of fact for clear error. Knox v. State of

Iowa, 

, 1280-81 (8th Cir. 1997).

                                       DISCUSSION

         To prevail on a claim that was adjudicated on the merits in state court, the

petitioner must show that the state appellate court decision (1) "was contrary to, or

involved an unreasonable application of, clearly established Federal Law, as determined

by the Supreme Court of the United States," or (2) "was based on an unreasonable

determination of the facts in light of the evidence presented in the State court proceeding."

28 U.S.C. § 2254(d)(1) & (2). Here, the issue is whether the state court properly applied

clearly established law, so § 2254(d)(2), which concerns determinations of fact, does not

apply.

         We first identify the controlling federal law. See Long v. Humphrey, 

, 759 (8th Cir. 1999). The Supreme Court has held that collateral estoppel, now called



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issue preclusion, applies in criminal proceedings as part of the Fifth Amendment guarantee

against double jeopardy. Ashe v. Swenson, 

, 445 (1970). "[W]hen an issue

of ultimate fact has once been determined by a valid and final judgment, that issue cannot

again be litigated between the same parties in any future lawsuit." 

      The issue is whether the state court's decision is "contrary to" or an "unreasonable

application" of the clearly established federal law. 

. We evaluate

the state court decision objectively on the merits, determining whether the decision

"'resulted in an outcome that cannot reasonably be justified under existing Supreme Court

precedent.'" 

v. Superintendent, SCI Albion, 

, 890 (3d

Cir. 1999) (en banc), petition for cert. filed, 

(U.S. June 22, 1999) (No.

98-2050)).

      Here, the state appellate court stated that in the first trial,

      the ultimate fact determined by the jury . . . on the offense of armed criminal action
      required a finding that [petitioner] had committed the crime of forcible rape "by,
      with, or through the use, assistance, or aid of a dangerous instrument." The term
      dangerous instrument was defined as "any instrument, article or substance, which,
      under the circumstances in which it is used, is readily capable of causing death or
      other serious physical injury."

(quoting Rev. Stat. Mo. § 556.061(9)). The state appellate court

noted that in petitioner's first trial, the evidence "was not clear as to the size or type of

knife used," and there was no evidence that the victim was cut by the knife. 

court concluded that "the jury in the first trial could have merely found that the

                                              4
 knife as used was not a 'dangerous instrument.' The jury did not necessarily find that there

 was no knife involved to find [petitioner] not guilty of armed criminal action." 

court's decision is reasonably justified under Ashe. A rational jury could

 have heard the evidence in the first trial and found that while petitioner may have had a

 knife, under the circumstances the knife was not a dangerous instrument. As the Court

 in Ashe cautioned,

        the rule of collateral estoppel in criminal cases is not to be applied with the
        hypertechnical and archaic approach of a 19th century pleading book, but with
        realism and rationality. Where a previous judgment of acquittal was based upon
        a general verdict, as is usually the case, this approach requires a court to examine
        the record of a prior proceeding, taking into account the pleadings, evidence,
        charge, and other relevant matter, and conclude whether a rational jury could have
        grounded its verdict upon an issue other than that which the defendant seeks to
        foreclose from consideration.

(internal quotation marks and footnote omitted); accord, Schiro v.

Farley, 

, 236 (1994).

        AFFIRMED.

        A true copy.



        Attest:



            CLERK, U.S. COURT OF APPEALS, EIGHTH CIRCUIT.




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