NOT FOR PUBLICATION                           FILED
                    UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS                        NOV 5 2019
                                                                      MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
                                                                       U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
                           FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

D.C., a minor by and through his Guardian       No.    18-55853
Ad Litem, Helen Garter, on behalf of
himself and all others similarly situated,      D.C. No.
                                                3:15-cv-01868-MMA-NLS
                Plaintiff-Appellant,

 v.                                             MEMORANDUM*

COUNTY OF SAN DIEGO; et al.,

                Defendants-Appellees.

                   Appeal from the United States District Court
                      for the Southern District of California
                Michael M. Anello, Senior District Judge, Presiding

                     Argued and Submitted October 16, 2019
                              Pasadena, California

Before: NGUYEN and MILLER, Circuit Judges, and VITALIANO,** District
Judge.

      D.C., on his own behalf and on behalf of others similarly situated, brought

this action against the County of San Diego, under 42 U.S.C. § 1983, for violation


      *
             This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
      **
             The Honorable Eric N. Vitaliano, United States District Judge for the
Eastern District of New York, sitting by designation.


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of his constitutional rights. He now appeals the district court’s denial of his motion

to certify a liability-only class.1 We have jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1292(e)

and Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 23(f), and we affirm.

      D.C. contends that determination of the question of liability on the claims he

seeks to advance could fit comfortably within the ambit of Rule 23(c)(4). See Fed.

R. Civ. P. 23(c)(4). Notwithstanding any success D.C. might have in advancing

liability-only class claims against the County—and his burden has very likely been

lightened by our decision in Mann v. County of San Diego, 

(9th Cir.

2018)—certification of such a class would be “appropriate” only if the adjudication

of the certified issues would “significantly advance the resolution of the underlying

case, thereby achieving judicial economy and efficiency.” Valentino v. Carter-

Wallace, Inc., 

, 1229 (9th Cir. 1996).

      Consideration of D.C.’s request for certification of a liability-only class

cannot be divorced from the impact the certification decision might have on the

resolution of class claims. In his complaint, D.C. alleges that he and other putative

class members suffered damages for, inter alia, emotional distress, humiliation, and

loss of “human dignity” resulting from the County’s overly intrusive physical



1
 D.C.’s motion for certification of a liability-only class under Rule 23(c)(4)
followed the district court’s earlier denial of certification to his proposed Rule
23(b)(3) class. The latter determination is not before us on this appeal.


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examinations of them. The district court found that, regardless of any resolution of

issues a liability-only class might afford, individualized injuries of each class

member would still potentially require tens of thousands of trials. It was

appropriate for the district court to bring its practical assessment and broader

perspective to its consideration of D.C.’s request for certification of a liability-only

class.

         Although we are, of course, mindful that individualized questions of

damages cannot alone defeat class certification, Leyva v. Medline Indus. Inc., 

, 513 (9th Cir. 2013), plaintiffs seeking certification must nevertheless

carry their burden of showing damages are capable of efficient calculation. 

see also Comcast Corp. v. Behrend, 

, 34 (2013) (damages must

only be “capable of measurement on a classwide basis” to promote the efficient

resolution of the class action for certification) (emphasis added); Nguyen v. Nissan

N. Am., Inc., 

, 817 (9th Cir. 2019).

         The district court correctly recognized and applied this standard in

considering D.C.’s request for certification of a Rule 23(c)(4) liability-only class,

finding, within the bounds of its discretion, that D.C. failed to show that damages

could be efficiently calculated on a classwide basis following success in the

liability phase of the litigation. Based on its finding that certification of a liability-

only class would not significantly advance the resolution of the class claims, the


                                            3
district court did not abuse its discretion by denying D.C.’s motion for certification

of a liability-only class.

       AFFIRMED.




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