NOT FOR PUBLICATION                       FILED
                      UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS                       JUL 29 2020
                                                                       MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
                                                                        U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
                                FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

WENYING SUN,                                      No.   17-73038

                  Petitioner,                     Agency No. A089-779-636

    v.
                                                  MEMORANDUM*
WILLIAM P. BARR, Attorney General,

                  Respondent.

                       On Petition for Review of an Order of the
                           Board of Immigration Appeals

                          Argued and Submitted June 1, 2020
                                Pasadena, California

Before: FERNANDEZ and LEE, Circuit Judges, and ORRICK,** District Judge.

         Wenying Sun, a native and citizen of China, timely petitions for review of a

Board of Immigration Appeals (“BIA”) decision dismissing her appeal from an

immigration judge’s (“IJ”) denial of her application for asylum,1 withholding of



         *
             This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
         **
             The Honorable William Horsley Orrick, United States District Judge
for the Northern District of California, sitting by designation.
1
    8 U.S.C. § 1158(a)(1).
removal,2 and protection under the Convention Against Torture (“CAT”).3 We

have jurisdiction under 8 U.S.C. § 1252. We grant the petition in part and remand

to the BIA.

        Sun credibly testified to the following events at a hearing before the IJ.

After 28 years of work at a government-owned factory in China, she and other

workers were laid off with what they considered insufficient severance. When

factory leadership rebuffed their attempts to discuss the terms of the layoffs, Sun

and two other leaders organized a protest in front of the local municipal building,

attended by 800 workers. After the guards refused their request to meet with

government leaders, police arrived and arrested Sun and the other organizers.

During the interrogation that followed, three officers accused Sun of “disrupting

social order by, by organiz[ing] a riot to . . . launch [an] attack against the

governmental agencies.” They punched, kicked, and electrically shocked her, then

dragged her back to a cell where she was held for ten days.

        The IJ denied Sun’s application and the BIA affirmed, finding that she failed




2
    8 U.S.C. § 1231(b)(3)(A).
3
 United Nations Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or
Degrading Treatment or Punishment, adopted Dec. 10, 1984, S. Treaty Doc. No.
100-20 (1988), 1465 U.N.T.S. 85, implemented at 8 C.F.R. § 1208.18.


                                            2                                     17-73038
to establish a nexus between a protected activity and the harm she suffered.4 After

Sun’s first petition for review, this court remanded to the BIA to consider the effect

of Hu v. Holder, 

(9th Cir. 2011). The BIA then reaffirmed its

earlier decision, finding that by contrast with the petitioner in Hu, Sun was arrested

after “yelling in front of 800 other co-workers during an illegal demonstration” and

was “accused of disrupting the social order, not for the content of the protest.”

      Sun’s credible testimony compels the finding that the police officers who

arrested and interrogated her were motivated by an imputed anti-government

political opinion. See 

–18; Baghdasaryan v. Holder, 

, 1023 (9th Cir. 2010). Although Sun was accused of disturbing the order of

society, the accusations against her went further. See 

. The

officers told her why they targeted her: for organizing a riot to launch an attack on

the governmental agencies. See

(noting that officers accused the

petitioner of acting against the government and the Communist party). In addition,

the officers’ conduct thereafter further compels the conclusion that the imputed

political opinion was at least one central reason for Sun’s mistreatment: the

officers made these statements immediately prior to punching, kicking, and



4
 The BIA did not address the IJ’s alternative finding that the mistreatment Sun
suffered did not rise to the level of persecution. We leave that issue for the BIA’s
consideration upon remand.


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electrically shocking her. See 8 U.S.C. § 1158(b)(1)(B)(i); Parussimova v.

Mukasey, 

, 741 (9th Cir. 2009).

      The Agency’s contrary conclusion is not supported by substantial evidence.

While Sun was not protesting government corruption and the record does not

reflect prior political involvement, the focus belongs not on her beliefs or prior

actions but rather on what her persecutors “falsely attribute[d]” to her.

n.6 (internal quotation marks omitted); see also

Singh v. Barr, 

, 825 (9th Cir. 2019) (“[T]he crucial element of an

asylum claim is the persecutor’s motive.”). When police officers observed Sun

leading a protest of 800 workers in front of the municipal building, the record is

clear that they understood her actions to be an attack on the government.

      Sun further asserts that her organizing expressed a protected pro-labor

political opinion. “Although there is no easy test to determine when a worker’s or

employer’s action is political—as opposed to or in addition to economic—our case

law makes clear that labor agitation advancing economic interests can nevertheless

express a political opinion.” 

. There is evidence in the record

to support the finding that Sun’s organizing expressed a political opinion: her

employer was the government and the 2012 Country Report reflects severe

limitations on Chinese citizens’ rights to assemble and express dissenting views.

But in the absence of evidence of government corruption and prior political


                                          4                                     17-73038
involvement by Sun, this conclusion is not compelled.

      Finally, substantial evidence supports the Agency’s denial of Sun’s CAT

claim. Her petition presents no specific evidence to compel the finding that it is

more likely than not that she will be tortured if returned to China.

      PETITION GRANTED IN PART, DENIED IN PART, AND

REMANDED.




                                          5                                   17-73038