NOT FOR PUBLICATION                           FILED
                    UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS                        JAN 6 2020
                                                                      MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
                                                                       U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
                           FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

ROBERTA SHERRY KEIFER,                          No.    18-16019

                Plaintiff-Appellant,            D.C. No. 3:17-cv-00332-EDL

 v.
                                                MEMORANDUM*
ANDREW M. SAUL, Commissioner of
Social Security,

                Defendant-Appellee.

                   Appeal from the United States District Court
                       for the Northern District of California
                 Elizabeth D. Laporte, Magistrate Judge, Presiding

                     Argued and Submitted December 2, 2019
                            San Francisco, California

Before: LUCERO,** CALLAHAN, and BADE, Circuit Judges.

      Roberta Keifer appeals the district court’s affirmance of the Commissioner

of Social Security’s denial of Disability Insurance Benefits for the period between




      *
             This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.

      **
            The Honorable Carlos F. Lucero, United States Circuit Judge for the
U.S. Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit, sitting by designation.
April 6, 2009, and November 1, 2014. Exercising jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C.

§ 1291, we affirm.

      We review de novo a district court’s affirmance of the decision of an

Administrative Law Judge (“ALJ”). Parra v. Astrue, 

, 746 (9th Cir.

2007). A denial of benefits may be set aside only if “the ALJ’s findings are based

on legal error or are not supported by substantial evidence in the record as a

whole.” 

v. Apfel, 

, 1097 (9th Cir. 1999)).

“Substantial evidence is such relevant evidence as a reasonable mind might accept

as adequate to support a conclusion.” 

the ALJ’s failure to reconcile inconsistencies between the

Department of Labor’s Dictionary of Occupational Titles (“DOT”) and vocational

expert (“VE”) testimony. The ALJ found Keifer’s residual functional capacity

limited her to jobs involving one- to two-step instructions, meaning she was

limited to DOT Reasoning Level 1 jobs. See Dictionary of Occupational Titles

app. C (4th ed. 1991), 

(defining Reasoning Level 1 occupations

as those requiring employees to “[a]pply commonsense understanding to carry out

simple one- or two-step instructions”). The VE testified that Keifer could have

worked as an eye-dropper assembler (Reasoning Level 2), a stuffer (Reasoning

Level 2), or a final assembler (Reasoning Level 1). Relying on the VE’s

testimony, the ALJ found Keifer could have worked in any of these three


                                          2                                      18-16019
occupations, even though the occupations of eye-dropper assembler and stuffer

require Level 2 Reasoning.

      Although the ALJ did not resolve this conflict between the VE’s testimony

and the DOT, we conclude any error was harmless. See Zavalin v. Colvin, 

, 846, 848 (9th Cir. 2015) (conducting harmless error review of ALJ’s

failure to reconcile apparent conflict). The VE’s testimony was consistent with the

DOT with respect to the occupation of final assembler, and the ALJ found there

were a significant number of final assembler jobs—108,750 in the national

economy—for which Keifer was qualified. See Gutierrez v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec.,

, 529 (9th Cir. 2014) (holding 25,000 nationwide jobs significant).

      Keifer also challenges the VE’s testimony as to job numbers. She did not

raise this argument during the administrative hearing. “[W]hen a claimant fails

entirely to challenge a [VE]’s job numbers during administrative proceedings

before the agency, the claimant forfeits such a challenge on appeal, at least when

that claimant is represented by counsel.” Shaibi v. Berryhill, 

, 1109

(9th Cir. 2017). Keifer was represented by a lay representative eligible for direct

payment of fees under the Social Security Act. We conclude she forfeited any

challenge to the VE’s job numbers because she failed to raise the issue during the

administrative hearing.

      Even if Keifer’s argument were not forfeited, we would affirm. Keifer


                                          3                                   18-16019
contends that the ALJ unreasonably relied on the VE’s job-numbers testimony

without supporting data and that the testimony conflicts with the Occupational

Outlook Handbook published by the Bureau of Labor Statistics. But “an ALJ may

rely on a [VE]’s testimony concerning the number of relevant jobs in the national

economy, and need not inquire sua sponte into the foundation for the expert’s

opinion.” 

see also Biestek v. Berryhill, 

, 1155-56

(2019) (“[A] vocational expert’s testimony may count as substantial evidence even

when unaccompanied by supporting data.”). Because the ALJ’s findings were

consistent with the VE’s testimony, the ALJ’s decision was supported by

substantial evidence in the record.

      AFFIRMED.




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