KAREN E. SCOTT, District Judge.
Discovery in this action is likely to involve production of confidential, proprietary, or private information for which special protection from public disclosure and from use for any purpose other than prosecuting this litigation may be warranted. Accordingly, the parties hereby stipulate to and petition the Court to enter the following Stipulated Protective Order ("Order"). The parties acknowledge that this Order does not confer blanket protections on all disclosures or responses to discovery and that the protection it affords from public disclosure and use extends only to the limited information or items that are entitled to confidential treatment under the applicable legal principles. The parties further acknowledge, as set forth in Section 12.3, below, that this Order does not entitle them to file confidential information under seal; Civil Local Rule 79-5 sets forth the procedures that must be followed and the standards that will be applied when a party seeks permission from the Court to file material under seal.
This action is likely to involve trade secrets, customer and pricing lists and other valuable development, commercial, financial, technical and/or proprietary information, including source code, for which special protection from public disclosure and from use for any purpose other than prosecution of this action is warranted. Such confidential and proprietary materials and information consist of, among other things, confidential business or financial information, information regarding confidential business practices, or other confidential development or commercial information, including source code, as well as information implicating privacy rights of third parties, information otherwise generally unavailable to the public, or which may be privileged or otherwise protected from disclosure under state or federal statutes, court rules, case decisions, or common law. Accordingly, to expedite the flow of information, to facilitate the prompt resolution of disputes over confidentiality of discovery materials, to adequately protect information the parties are entitled to keep confidential, to ensure that the parties are permitted reasonable necessary uses of such material in preparation for and in the conduct of trial, to address their handling at the end of the litigation, and serve the ends of justice, a protective order for such information is justified in this matter. It is the intent of the parties that information will not be designated as confidential for tactical reasons and that nothing be so designated without a good faith belief that it has been maintained in a confidential, non-public manner, and there is good cause why it should not be part of the public record of this case.
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9
2.10
2.11
2.12
2.13
2.14
2.15
2.16
2.17
2.18
The protections conferred by this Order cover not only Protected Material (as defined above), but also (1) any information copied or extracted from Protected Material; (2) all copies, excerpts, summaries, or compilations of Protected Material; and (3) any testimony, conversations, or presentations by Parties or their Counsel that might reveal Protected Material.
Any use of Protected Material at trial shall be governed by the orders of the trial judge. This Order does not govern the use of Protected Material at trial.
Even after final disposition of this litigation, the confidentiality obligations imposed by this Order shall remain in effect until a Designating Party agrees otherwise in writing or a court order otherwise directs. Final disposition shall be deemed to be the later of (1) dismissal of all claims and defenses in this Action, with or without prejudice; and (2) final judgment herein after the completion and exhaustion of all appeals, rehearings, remands, trials, or reviews of this Action, including the time limits for filing any motions or applications for extension of time pursuant to applicable law.
5.1
Mass, indiscriminate, or routinized designations are prohibited. Designations that are shown to be clearly unjustified or that have been made for an improper purpose (e.g., to unnecessarily encumber the case development process or to impose unnecessary expenses and burdens on other parties) may expose the Designating Party to sanctions.
If it comes to a Designating Party's attention that information or items that it designated for protection do not qualify for protection, that Designating Party must promptly notify all other Parties that it is withdrawing the inapplicable designation.
5.2
Designation in conformity with this Order requires:
(a) for information in documentary form (e.g., paper or electronic documents, but excluding transcripts of depositions or other pretrial or trial proceedings), that the Producing Party affix at a minimum, the legend "CONFIDENTIAL" (hereinafter "CONFIDENTIAL legend"), "HIGHLY CONFIDENTIAL" (hereinafter "HIGHLY CONFIDENTIAL legend") or "HIGHLY CONFIDENTIAL — SOURCE CODE MATERIAL" (hereinafter "HIGHLY CONFIDENTIAL — SOURCE CODE MATERIAL legend"), to each page that contains protected material. If only a portion or portions of the material on a page qualifies for protection, the Producing Party also must clearly identify the protected portion(s) (e.g., by making appropriate markings in the margins).
A Party or Non-Party that makes original documents available for inspection need not designate them for protection until after the inspecting Party has indicated which documents it would like copied and produced. During the inspection and before the designation, all of the material made available for inspection shall be deemed "HIGHLY CONFIDENTIAL." After the inspecting Party has identified the documents it wants copied and produced, the Producing Party must determine which documents, or portions thereof, qualify for protection under this Order. Then, before producing the specified documents, the Producing Party must affix the "CONFIDENTIAL legend," "HIGHLY CONFIDENTIAL legend" or "HIGHLY CONFIDENTIAL — SOURCE CODE MATERIAL legend" to each page that contains Protected Material. If only a portion or portions of the material on a page qualifies for protection, the Producing Party also must clearly identify the protected portion(s) (e.g., by making appropriate markings in the margins).
(b) for testimony given in depositions that the Designating Party identify the Disclosure or Discovery Material on the record, before the close of the deposition all protected testimony.
(c) for information produced in some form other than documentary and for any other tangible items, that the Producing Party affix in a prominent place on the exterior of the container or containers in which the information is stored the legend "CONFIDENTIAL," "HIGHLY CONFIDENTIAL" or "HIGHLY CONFIDENTIAL — SOURCE CODE MATERIAL." If only a portion or portions of the information warrants protection, the Producing Party, to the extent practicable, shall identify the protected portion(s).
5.3
6.1
6.2
6.3 The burden of persuasion in any such challenge proceeding shall be on the Designating Party. Frivolous challenges, and those made for an improper purpose (e.g., to harass or impose unnecessary expenses and burdens on the parties) may expose the Challenging Party to sanctions. Unless the Designating Party has waived or withdrawn the confidentiality designation, all parties shall continue to afford the material in question the level of protection to which it is entitled under the Producing Party's designation until the Court rules on the challenge.
7.1
These limitations on the access to and use of Protected Material shall not apply to any Protected Material that is or becomes part of the public record as a result of the Designating Party's conduct or with the Designating Party's prior written consent.
7.2
7.3
(a) the Parties, including their Counsel, to the extent deemed reasonably necessary by Outside Counsel of Record for the purpose of assisting in the prosecution or defense of this Litigation;
(b) Experts (as defined in this Order) of the Receiving Party to whom disclosure is reasonably necessary for this Action and who have signed the "Acknowledgment and Agreement to Be Bound" (Exhibit A);
(c) the Court and its personnel;
(d) court reporters and their staff;
(e) professional jury or trial consultants, mock jurors, and Professional Vendors to whom disclosure is reasonably necessary for this Action and who have signed the "Acknowledgment and Agreement to Be Bound" (Exhibit A);
(f) the author or recipient of a document containing the information or a custodian or other person who otherwise possessed or knew the information;
(g) during their depositions, witnesses, and attorneys for witnesses, in the Action to whom disclosure is reasonably necessary provided: (i) they confirm their understanding and agreement to abide by the terms of this Order by making such a statement on the record; or (ii) they sign the "Acknowledgment and Agreement to Be Bound" (Exhibit A), unless otherwise agreed by the Designating Party or ordered by the Court. Pages of transcribed deposition testimony or exhibits to depositions that reveal Protected Material may be separately bound by the court reporter and may not be disclosed to anyone except as permitted under this Order;
(h) any mediator or settlement officer, and their supporting personnel, mutually agreed upon by any of the parties engaged in settlement discussions; and
(i) any other person only upon (i) order of the Court entered upon notice to the Parties; or (ii) written stipulation of, or statement on the record by, the Designating Party, and provided that such a person sign the "Acknowledgment and Agreement to Be Bound" (Exhibit A).
7.4
(a) Counsel;
(b) Experts (as defined in this Order) of the Receiving Party to whom disclosure is reasonably necessary for this Action and who have signed the "Acknowledgment and Agreement to Be Bound" (Exhibit A);
(c) the Court and its personnel;
(d) court reporters and their staff;
(e) professional jury or trial consultants, mock jurors, and Professional Vendors to whom disclosure is reasonably necessary for this Action and who have signed the "Acknowledgment and Agreement to Be Bound" (Exhibit A);
(f) the author or recipient of a document containing the information or a custodian or other person who otherwise possessed or knew the information;
(g) any mediator or settlement officer, and their supporting personnel, mutually agreed upon by any of the parties engaged in settlement discussions; and
(h) any other person only upon (i) order of the Court entered upon notice to the Parties; or (ii) written stipulation of, or statement on the record by, the Designating Party, and provided that such a person sign the "Acknowledgment and Agreement to Be Bound" (Exhibit A).
7.5
(a) Outside Counsel of Record;
(b) Experts (as defined in this Order) of the Receiving Party to whom disclosure is reasonably necessary for this Action and who have signed the "Acknowledgment and Agreement to Be Bound" (Exhibit A);
(c) the court and its personnel;
(d) court reporters and their staff;
(e) professional jury or trial consultants, mock jurors, and Professional Vendors to whom disclosure is reasonably necessary for this Action and who have signed the "Acknowledgment and Agreement to Be Bound" (Exhibit A);
(f) the author or recipient of a document containing the information or a custodian or other person who otherwise possessed or knew the information;
(g) any mediator or settlement officer, and their supporting personnel, mutually agreed upon by any of the parties engaged in settlement discussions; and
(h) any other person only upon (i) order of the court entered upon notice to the Parties; or (ii) written stipulation of, or statement on the record by, the Designating Party, and provided that such a person sign the "Acknowledgment and Agreement to Be Bound" (Exhibit A).
7.6 To the extent that testimony is sought concerning Protected Material during any deposition, any Party may exclude any person from the deposition during such testimony if the Protected Material may not be disclosed to such person under the terms of this Order.
7.7 Notwithstanding Paragraph 7.2(b), 7.3(b) and 7.4(b) above, Protected Material may be provided to an Expert only to the extent necessary for such Expert to prepare a written opinion, to prepare to testify or to assist counsel in this Action, provided that such Expert (i) is not currently an employee of, or advising or discussing employment with, or consultant to, any Party or any Competitor or potential transaction counterparty of any Party, as far as the Expert can reasonably determine; and (ii) is using said Protected Material solely in connection with this Action. Under no circumstances shall an expert or consultant who is a Competitor or an employee of a Competitor of a Party, or who is providing services to any of the foregoing, be provided access to Protected Material absent further order of the Court or consent of the Designating Party. A "Competitor" is a person or entity endeavoring to engage in the same or similar lines of business, provide the same or similar services, sell the same or similar products, and/or operate in the same markets, as well as any person or entity who are actually engaged in any of these activities.
7.8 Unless otherwise ordered by the Court or agreed to in writing by the Designating Party, a Party that seeks to disclose to an Expert any "HIGHLY CONFIDENTIAL" information or item first must make a written request to the Designating Party that (1) sets forth the full name of the Expert, and (2) attaches a copy of the Expert's current resume.
7.9 A Party that makes a request and provides the information specified in the preceding paragraph may disclose the subject Protected Material to the identified Expert unless, within 7 days of delivering the request, the Designating Party delivers to the Party that seeks to make the disclosure, a written objection that the proposed Expert is a Competitor or an employee of a Competitor of a Party, or is providing services to a Competitor. Any such objection must set forth in detail the grounds on which it is based.
7.10 A Party that receives a timely written objection must meet and confer with the Designating Party pursuant to the meet and confer procedures applicable to discovery disputes, as provided in Local Rule 37.1. If no agreement is reached, the Parties shall comply with the filing procedures applicable to discovery disputes, as provided in Local Rule 37.2, in bringing the issue to the attention of the Magistrate.
7.11 Counsel showing, providing or disclosing Protected Material to any person required to sign the "Acknowledgment and Agreement to Be Bound" (Exhibit A) pursuant to this Section shall be responsible for obtaining such signed Exhibit A and retaining the original, executed copy thereof.
7.12
(b) Protected Material designated as "HIGHLY CONFIDENTIAL — SOURCE CODE MATERIAL" shall be subject to all of the protections afforded to "HIGHLY CONFIDENTIAL — SOURCE CODE MATERIAL" information.
(c) Any source code produced in discovery shall be made available for inspection, in a format allowing it to be reasonably reviewed and searched, during normal business hours or at other mutually agreeable times, at an office of the Producing Party's counsel or another mutually agreed upon location. The source code shall be made available for inspection on a secured computer in a secured room without Internet access or network access to other computers ("the Standalone Computer"), and the Receiving Party shall not copy, remove, or otherwise transfer any portion of the source code onto any recordable media or recordable device. The Producing Party may visually monitor the activities of the Receiving Party's representatives during any source code review, but only to ensure that there is no unauthorized recording, copying, or transmission of the source code. No cell phones, mobile devices, cameras, imaging, or recording devices are allowed in the source code review room. The Receiving Party may take electronic notes on a second secured computer provided by the Producing Party with no camera, Internet access, or network access to other computers ("Note-Taking Computer"). No code may be copied onto the Note-Taking Computer or otherwise into the Receiving Party's notes. No person other than the Producing Party may alter, dismantle, disassemble, or modify the Standalone Computer or Note-Taking Computer in any way, or attempt to circumvent any security feature of the Standalone Computer or Note-Taking Computer. The Receiving Party may save the electronic notes in a container on the note-taking computer that is encrypted by the Receiving Party. The Producing Party shall also provide a maximum of two (2) encrypted USB drives onto which the Receiving Party may copy such container that contain such notes at the end of a source code review session. The Producing Party may observe the copying of such container but may not access or review the content of such container. The Receiving Party shall be responsible for deleting the encrypted container and any notes and/or any files containing information remaining on the Note-Taking Computer that refer to, reference, or otherwise permit the review or reconstruction in whole or part of, such notes, including without limitation any temporary files or file fragments remaining on the Note-Taking Computer. The Producing Party shall be prohibited from searching or mining for any notes and/or files containing information remaining on the Note-Taking Computer that refer to, reference, or otherwise permit the review or reconstruction in whole or part of, such notes, including without limitation any temporary files or file fragments remaining on the Note-Taking Computer, that inadvertently were not deleted by the Receiving Party.
(d) The Receiving Party may request paper copies of limited portions of source code that are reasonably necessary for the preparation of court filings, pleadings, expert reports, or other papers, or for deposition or trial, but shall not request paper copies for the purposes of reviewing the source code other than electronically as set forth in paragraph (c) in the first instance. The Producing Party shall provide all such source code in paper form including bates numbers and the label "HIGHLY CONFIDENTIAL — SOURCE CODE MATERIAL." The Producing Party may challenge the amount of source code requested in hard copy form pursuant to the dispute resolution procedure and timeframes set forth in Section 6 whereby the Producing Party is the "Challenging Party" and the Receiving Party is the "Designating Party" for purposes of dispute resolution. In no event shall the number of printed pages of code exceed 100 pages total, regardless of the number of review sessions, on 8.5" x 11" paper with a font no smaller than Courier 12 pt.
(e) The Receiving Party shall maintain a record of any individual who has inspected any portion of the source code in electronic or paper form. The Receiving Party shall maintain all paper copies of any printed portions of the source code in a secured, locked area. The Receiving Party shall not create any electronic or other images of the paper copies and shall not convert any of the information contained in the paper copies into any electronic format, except that the Receiving Party may digitally image limited excerpts of the source code for inclusion in court filings or an expert report. The Receiving Party may only make copies of portions of the source code for use at deposition. Any copies used during a deposition shall be retrieved by the Producing Party at the end of each day and must not be given to or left with a court reporter or any other unauthorized individual.
If a Party is served with a subpoena or a court order issued in other litigation that compels disclosure of any information or items designated in this Action as "CONFIDENTIAL," "HIGHLY CONFIDENTIAL" or "HIGHLY CONFIDENTIAL — SOURCE CODE MATERIAL," that Party must:
(a) promptly notify in writing the Designating Party. Such notification shall include a copy of the subpoena or court order;
(b) promptly notify in writing the party who caused the subpoena or order to issue in the other litigation that some or all of the material covered by the subpoena or order is subject to this Protective Order. Such notification shall include a copy of this Order; and
(c) cooperate with respect to all reasonable procedures sought to be pursued by the Designating Party whose Protected Material may be affected.
If the Designating Party timely seeks a protective order, the Party served with the subpoena or court order shall not produce any information designated in this action as "CONFIDENTIAL," "HIGHLY CONFIDENTIAL" or "HIGHLY CONFIDENTIAL — SOURCE CODE MATERIAL" before a determination by the court from which the subpoena or order issued, unless the Party has obtained the Designating Party's permission. The Designating Party shall bear the burden and expense of seeking protection in that court of its confidential material and nothing in these provisions should be construed as authorizing or encouraging a Receiving Party in this Action to disobey a lawful directive from another court.
(a) The terms of this Order are applicable to information produced by a Non-Party in this Action and designated as "CONFIDENTIAL," "HIGHLY CONFIDENTIAL" or "HIGHLY CONFIDENTIAL — SOURCE CODE MATERIAL" Such information produced by Non-Parties in connection with this litigation is protected by the remedies and relief provided by this Order, and any Party issuing a subpoena to a Non-Party shall enclose a copy of this Order and notify the Non-Party that the protections of this Order are available to such Non-Party. Nothing in these provisions should be construed as prohibiting a Non-Party from seeking additional protections.
(b) In the event that a Party is required, by a valid discovery request, to produce a Non-Party's confidential information in its possession, and the Party is subject to an agreement with the Non-Party not to produce the Non-Party's confidential information, then the Party shall:
(1) promptly notify in writing the Requesting Party and the Non-Party that some or all of the information requested is subject to a confidentiality agreement with a Non-Party;
(2) promptly provide the Non-Party with a copy of the Order in this Action, the relevant discovery request(s), and a reasonably specific description of the information requested; and
(3) make the information requested available for inspection by the Non-Party, if requested.
(c) If the Non-Party fails to seek a protective order from this Court within 14 days of receiving the notice and accompanying information, the Receiving Party may produce the Non-Party's confidential information responsive to the discovery request. If the Non-Party timely seeks a protective order, the Receiving Party shall not produce any information in its possession or control that is subject to the confidentiality agreement with the Non-Party before a determination by the Court. Absent a court order to the contrary, the Non-Party shall bear the burden and expense of seeking protection in this Court of its Protected Material.
If a Receiving Party learns that, by inadvertence or otherwise, it has disclosed Protected Material to any person or in any circumstance not authorized under this Stipulated Protective Order, the Receiving Party must immediately (a) notify in writing the Designating Party of the unauthorized disclosures, (b) use its best efforts to retrieve all unauthorized copies of the Protected Material, (c) inform the person or persons to whom unauthorized disclosures were made of all the terms of this Order, and (d) request such person or persons to execute the "Acknowledgment and Agreement to Be Bound" that is attached hereto as Exhibit A.
When a Producing Party gives notice to Receiving Parties that certain inadvertently produced material is subject to a claim of privilege or other protection, the obligations of the Receiving Parties are those set forth in Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 26(b)(5)(B). This provision is not intended to modify whatever procedure may be established in an e-discovery order that provides for production without prior privilege review. Pursuant to Federal Rule of Evidence 502(d) and (e), insofar as the parties reach an agreement on the effect of disclosure of a communication or information covered by the attorney-client privilege or work product protection, the parties may incorporate their agreement in the stipulated protective order submitted to the Court.
12.1 Right to Further Relief. Nothing in this Order abridges the right of any person to seek its modification by the Court in the future. No modification shall have the force or effect of a Court order unless the Court approves the modification.
12.2 Right to Assert Other Objections. By stipulating to the entry of this Order no Party waives any right it otherwise would have to object to disclosing or producing any information or item on any ground not addressed in this Order. Similarly, no Party waives any right to object on any ground to use in evidence of any of the material covered by this Order.
12.3 Filing Protected Material. A Party that seeks to file under seal any Protected Material must comply with Civil Local Rule 79-5. Protected Material may only be filed under seal pursuant to a court order authorizing the sealing of the specific Protected Material at issue. If a Party's request to file Protected Material under seal is denied by the Court, then the Receiving Party may file the information in the public record unless otherwise instructed by the Court.
12.4 Notwithstanding any provision of this Order, Mr. Ron Jamal Kort is prohibited from accessing any Protected Material; provided, however, that any Party may apply to the Court for good cause to permit Mr. Kort to access Protected Material.
After the final disposition of this Action, as defined in paragraph 4, within 30 days of a written request by the Designating Party, each Receiving Party must return all Protected Material to the Producing Party or destroy such material. As used in this subdivision, "all Protected Material" includes all copies, abstracts, compilations, summaries, and any other format reproducing or capturing any of the Protected Material. Whether the Protected Material is returned or destroyed, the Receiving Party must submit a written certification to the Producing Party (and, if not the same person or entity, to the Designating Party) by the 30 day deadline that (1) identifies (by category, where appropriate) all the Protected Material that was returned or destroyed and (2) affirms that the Receiving Party has not retained any copies, abstracts, compilations, summaries or any other format reproducing or capturing any of the Protected Material. Notwithstanding this provision, Counsel are entitled to retain an archival copy of all pleadings, motion papers, trial, deposition, and hearing transcripts, legal memoranda, correspondence, deposition and trial exhibits, expert reports, attorney work product, and consultant and expert work product, even if such materials contain Protected Material. Any such archival copies that contain or constitute Protected Material remain subject to this Protective Order as set forth in Section 4 (DURATION). However, no Party will be required to comply with the terms of Paragraph 13 until after orders, dismissals, judgments or decrees have been entered in this Action and in the Other Actions finally disposing of the entirety of this Action and the Other Actions as to that Party.
14. Any violation of this Order may be punished by any and all appropriate measures including, without limitation, contempt proceedings and/or monetary sanctions.
IT IS SO STIPULATED, THROUGH COUNSEL OF RECORD.
FOR GOOD CAUSE SHOWN, IT IS SO ORDERED.
I, _____________________________________ [print or type full name], of ________________ _______________________________ [print or type full address], declare under penalty of perjury that I have read in its entirety and understand the Stipulated Protective Order that was issued by the United States District Court for the Central District of California on ____________ in the case of