The City of Concord, after considerable debate, adopted an ordinance amending its rules for storage of recreational vehicles on residential property. Attorney in propria persona James H. Disney (Disney) sued the City of Concord and the members of its city council (collectively, Concord) to have the ordinance declared unconstitutional, and to enjoin its enforcement. The trial court granted Concord's motion for judgment on the pleadings. We conclude that Disney's arguments against the ordinance lack merit, and affirm the judgment for Concord.
Concord has regulated storage of trailers and boats on front yards since at least 1964. A 1992 ordinance restricting storage and parking of recreational vehicles in residential yards and driveways was codified as section 122-744
Concord began enforcing the ordinance in June 2007, and left notices at 243 properties where recreational vehicles were observed parked in driveways. Enforcement was suspended in July 2007 after complaints were raised at a city council meeting. A recreational vehicle citizen's task force (Task Force), consisting of nine residents and two city council members, was formed in January 2008 to study the issue. After a number of meetings, the Task Force voted unanimously to recommend allowing any number of recreational vehicles on a property if they were stored behind a six-foot fence and only one vehicle was visible and removing all setback restrictions in side and rear yards to allow for recreational vehicle storage. The Task Force voted six to five to recommend prohibiting recreational vehicles from being stored in front yards and allowing recreational vehicles currently stored in front yards to remain there for up to one year if they were registered within 60 days of passage of an ordinance. Other recommendations also passed by a divided vote.
The Task Force recommendations were discussed at meetings of the city council in July 2008 and of the planning commission in September 2008, where Disney and other residents voiced their views. Based on the Task Force recommendations, the city council's responses to the recommendations, and a survey of 18 other municipalities in the county, the planning commission proposed ordinance No. 08-7, with new rules governing recreational vehicle parking and storage.
The proposed ordinance was presented to the city council at an October 27, 2008 meeting, along with a report recounting the history of the measure. After hearing the comments of Disney and other residents at the meeting, the city council voted to introduce the proposed ordinance with modifications. Ordinance No. 08-7 was approved by the city council on December 1, 2008, after Disney again voiced his objections.
Ordinance No. 08-7 amends prior restrictions in eight respects:
2. It allows only two recreational vehicles on residential property.
3. It deletes all setback restrictions for side and rear yards to accommodate recreational vehicle storage.
4. It provides that recreational vehicles may be stored in side and rear yards behind a six-foot high opaque fence.
5. It prohibits recreational vehicle storage on front yards and driveways, subject to a grandfathering provision that gives owners of recreational vehicles as of the effective date of the ordinance 12 months to obtain a permit to store one recreational vehicle on a driveway or a parking pad adjacent to the driveway. The permit covers replacement recreational vehicles purchased by the permit holder, but the permit expires when the permit holder sells or ceases to occupy the residence.
6. It specifies maintenance standards for recreational vehicles in public view.
7. It imposes setback requirements for recreational vehicles stored on driveways and parking pads, which, as explained by the planning commission staff, are based on sight distance considerations related to vehicular and pedestrian safety.
8. It increases from 24 hours to 72 hours the length of time a recreational vehicle can be parked in a driveway for purposes of loading or unloading before or after a trip.
Disney filed suit against Concord seeking to thwart enforcement of the ordinance. Concord's motion for judgment on the pleadings was granted without leave to amend. Disney moved for reconsideration of the ruling and for leave to file an amended complaint. The court denied the motions by order filed on June 28, 2010,
Disney contends that the court erred in granting the motion for judgment on the pleadings, and in denying leave to amend the complaint. The ruling on
"The determination by the legislative body of the facts warranting its action will not be set aside or disregarded by the courts unless the legislative decision is clearly and palpably wrong and such error appears beyond a rational doubt from facts or evidence which cannot be controverted. [Citations.] The courts will not nullify laws enacted under the police power unless they are manifestly unreasonable, arbitrary or capricious, having no real or substantial relation to the public health, safety, morals or general welfare. [Citations.] A court is not concerned with the wisdom or policy of the law and cannot substitute its judgment for that of the legislative body if there is any reasonable justification for the latter's action. [Citations.] If reasonable minds might differ as to the reasonableness of the ordinance [citations] or if the reasonableness of the ordinance is fairly debatable [citations], the ordinance must be upheld. . . . `In considering the scope or nature of appellate review in a case of this type we must keep in mind the fact that the courts are examining the act of a coordinate branch of the government—the legislative—in a field in which it has paramount authority, and not reviewing the decision of a lower tribunal or of a factfinding body. Courts have nothing to do with the wisdom of laws or regulations, and the legislative power must be upheld unless manifestly abused so as to infringe on constitutional guaranties.' [Citation.]" (Ratkovich, supra, 245 Cal.App.2d at pp. 878-879.)
"Blight" may be in the eye of the beholder, but the aesthetic concerns underlying ordinance No. 08-7 are widely shared and we have no basis to question their legitimacy. (Ratkovich, supra, 245 Cal.App.2d at pp. 878-879.) Concord's survey of other cities in the county showed that nearly all of them regulate the storage of recreational vehicles on private property to some extent. As the Attorney General observed almost 20 years ago, ordinances like the one here are "typical," and Disney identifies no authority that calls their constitutionality into doubt.
This case is similar to Kucera v. Lizza (1997) 59 Cal.App.4th 1141 [69 Cal.Rptr.2d 582] (Kucera), where Tiburon's tree trimming ordinance was challenged. The defendant "cite[d] the ordinance's impact on his `bundle of
The Tiburon ordinance "d[id] not wholly proscribe the landscaping use in question; it only control[led] the unreasonably obstructive growth of trees in situations limited by guidelines." (Kucera, supra, 59 Cal.App.4th at p. 1149.) Similarly here, ordinance No. 08-7 does not preclude storage of recreational vehicles on residential property, it simply limits that use and at most requires the owners of such vehicles to store them elsewhere. (See People v. Tolman (1980) 110 Cal.App.3d Supp. 6, 10-11 [168 Cal.Rptr. 328] [upholding an ordinance that prohibited storage of large commercial vehicles in residential areas and prevented defendant from keeping her truck in her driveway; "the ordinance does not deprive defendant of her investment in either her house or her truck. It just means that she will have to park her truck elsewhere."].) Ordinance No. 08-7 includes a grandfathering provision to ameliorate hardship, and residential vehicle owners can seek variances if further relief from the restrictions is necessary.
Another analogous case is Breneric Associates v. City of Del Mar (1998) 69 Cal.App.4th 166 [81 Cal.Rptr.2d 324], where a permit to construct an addition to a residence was denied on aesthetic grounds, and the plaintiff claimed a denial of equal protection. "Under the rational relationship test for land use decisions, an equal protection claim will be rejected if the `"wisdom [of the decision] is at least fairly debatable and it bears a rational relationship to a permissible state objective."'" (Id. at p. 187.) No denial of equal protection occurred because the project "was rejected for transgressing aesthetic considerations, which are legitimate state objectives," and the record showed that the wisdom of the decision was at least fairly debatable. (Ibid.) The same reasons dictate the same conclusion here.
Disney argues that the ordinance is bad policy because it discourages recreation. To quote from a portion of that argument: "Recreation is restorative, refreshing, and often breathes fresh air into a sometimes humdrum life. Recreation reconstitutes the mind and tends to improve one's attitude. It enriches life. Recreation teaches lessons to children and grandchildren about nature, water falls and big trees. It teaches that some plants sleep in winter, it teaches about minnows and frogs, about chipmunks and squirrels, snow and fog, the ocean and tide pools, shells on a beach . . . can't understand why
We have considered Disney's other arguments, such as claims that the ordinance is an ex post facto law or bill of attainder, and find them to be without merit.
Since no justification for overturning the ordinance has been identified, denying leave to amend the complaint was not an abuse of discretion. (See Schonfeldt v. State of California (1998) 61 Cal.App.4th 1462, 1465 [72 Cal.Rptr.2d 464].)
The trial court correctly granted judgment on the pleadings.
The judgment is affirmed.
Dondero, J., and Banke, J., concurred.