KLEIN, P. J.
THE COURT:
It is ordered that the opinion filed herein on December 28, 2012, be modified as follows:
1. On page 12, line 11, please replace the word "Internal" with the word "International" so the sentence reads:
Although the matter was administered by the ICDR, it appears the matter was arbitrated under the AAA's Commercial Arbitration Rules, not under the International Dispute Resolution Procedures.
[There is no change in the judgment.]
Defendant and appellant SP Systems, LLC (SP) appeals a judgment confirming an arbitration award in favor of plaintiff and respondent Swissmex-Rapid S.A. de C.V. (Swissmex), a Mexican corporation.
SP contends the trial court erred in entering judgment on the award because section 9 of the Federal Arbitration Act (FAA) (9 U.S.C. § 9) preempts state law with respect to confirmation of arbitration awards, section 9 does not permit judicial confirmation of an arbitration award without the written agreement of the parties that the award could be judicially confirmed, and here, the parties had no prior agreement regarding judicial confirmation.
We conclude section 9 of the FAA is procedural, not substantive, and therefore does not apply in state court proceedings.
Further, even assuming section 9 of the FAA does apply to state court proceedings so as to require the parties' prior consent to judicial confirmation of an arbitration award, the parties herein consented to judicial confirmation of any arbitration award. Specifically, their arbitration agreement provided for arbitration of disputes before the American Arbitration Association (AAA). By providing for AAA arbitration, the parties are deemed to have made the AAA rules a part of their agreement. (AAA Commercial Arbitration Rules, rule R-1(a).)
The judgment confirming the award is affirmed.
SP is a California limited liability corporation which is the exclusive distributor in the United States and Canada of backpack agricultural sprayers manufactured by Swissmex, a Mexican corporation.
On March 1, 2010, SP filed a Demand for Arbitration pursuant to the Commercial Arbitration Rules of the AAA, seeking to arbitrate its claim against Swissmex in the sum of $1.5 million. The demand stated: "The named claimant, a party to an arbitration agreement dated March 1, 2007, which provides for arbitration under the Commercial Arbitration Rules of the American Arbitration Association, hereby demands arbitration." Swissmex filed a counterclaim.
The parties stipulated to binding arbitration before Judge Sullivan, retired. The hearing was held at the offices of the AAA in downtown Los Angeles, between December 6 and 10, 2010. The arbitration was conducted by the International Centre for Dispute Resolution, the international division of the AAA.
On March 14, 2011, the arbitrator issued an 18-page award, finding that both SP and Swissmex were in breach of their 1999 and 2007 agreements, SP owed Swissmex $1,528,997, and SP was entitled to a credit from Swissmex in the sum of $104,957, resulting in a net award to Swissmex in the sum of $1,424,039.
On July 7, 2011, Swissmex filed a petition in the Los Angeles Superior Court to confirm the award and to enter judgment thereon. The petition was brought pursuant to Code of Civil Procedure section 1285 et seq., within the California Arbitration Act (CAA) (Code Civ. Proc., § 1280 et seq.).
SP opposed confirmation of the award on the ground the parties never consented to entry of judgment on the award. SP argued the FAA applies to Swissmex's petition to confirm the award because the arbitration at issue was a contractual arbitration between a United States company, SP, organized under California law, and a foreign company, Swissmex, organized under the laws of Mexico. SP contended Swissmex's petition to confirm the award must be denied because the FAA does not allow confirmation of an award unless the parties agreed in their arbitration agreement that a court judgment could be entered upon the award. SP argued the 1999 and 2007 arbitration agreements did not include a provision for judicial confirmation of an arbitration award.
In response, Swissmex asserted the trial court had statutory jurisdiction to enforce the arbitration agreement under Code of Civil Procedure section 1293.
On September 22, 2011, the trial court heard the matter and granted Swissmex's petition to confirm the arbitrator's award. On October 21, 2011, the trial court entered judgment in conformity with the award, in the sum of $1,424,039 plus prejudgment interest. This appeal followed.
The gravamen of SP's argument on appeal is that the parties did not agree in their arbitration agreement that the award could be judicially confirmed, and therefore the trial court erred in confirming the award.
SP contends: the FAA applied to the confirmation proceedings; section 9 of the FAA does not permit judicial confirmation of an arbitration award without the written agreement of the parties; the trial court should have applied section 9 in the confirmation proceedings because section 9 is substantive, not procedural; and section 9 of the FAA preempts the CAA where the parties have no prior agreement regarding judicial confirmation.
The CAA, at Code of Civil Procedure section 1280 et seq. contains a detailed statutory framework for enforcement of contractual arbitration in California. After the arbitrator issued the award, Swissmex sought confirmation of the award in the superior court pursuant to Code of Civil Procedure section 1285 et seq.
Although Swissmex sought to confirm the award pursuant to the CAA, this matter is subject to federal law as well as state law. The FAA (9 U.S.C. § 1 et seq.) governs contractual arbitration in written contracts involving interstate or foreign commerce or maritime transactions. (9 U.S.C. §§ 1, 2.) This matter involves foreign commerce so as to implicate the FAA.
Insofar as the FAA applies, the FAA preempts conflicting state law. (Preston v. Ferrer (2008) 552 U.S. 346, 353, and cases cited therein.) The FAA's substantive provisions are applicable in state as well as federal court, while the FAA's procedural provisions apply only to proceedings in federal court. (See Volt Info. Sciences v. Leland Stanford Jr. U. (1989) 489 U.S. 468, 477, fn. 6 (Volt).)
Unlike the CAA (Code Civ. Proc., § 1293; see fn. 3, ante), the FAA provides for judicial confirmation of arbitral awards only upon consent of the parties. (9 U.S.C. § 9.)
While the substantive provisions of the FAA apply in state as well as federal court proceedings, the FAA's procedural provisions apply only in federal court. (Volt, supra, 489 U.S. at p. 477, fn. 6.) Therefore, the pivotal issue is whether section 9 of the FAA is procedural or substantive.
The "primary substantive provision of the [FAA] is section 2, which provides: `A written provision in . . . a contract evidencing a transaction involving commerce to settle by arbitration a controversy thereafter arising out of such contract or transaction . . . shall be valid, irrevocable, and enforceable, save upon such grounds as exist at law or in equity for the revocation of any contract.' (9 U.S.C. § 2.) [¶] `Section 2 is a congressional declaration of a liberal federal policy favoring arbitration agreements, notwithstanding any state substantive or procedural policies to the contrary. The effect of the section is to create a body of federal substantive law of arbitrability, applicable to any arbitration agreement within the coverage of the [FAA].' [Citation.] The rule of enforceability established by section 2 of the [FAA] preempts any contrary state law and is binding on state courts as well as federal. [Citation.]" (Rosenthal v. Great Western Fin. Securities Corp. (1996) 14 Cal.4th 394, 405.)
The "policy of enforceability stated in section 2 of the [FAA] is implemented in the remaining sections of the [FAA], especially sections 3 and 4, which concern attempts to resist arbitration or to litigate an issue subject to arbitration. Section 3 requires any court `of the United States' to grant a party's request for a stay of litigation on an arbitrable issue, pending completion of the arbitration. (9 U.S.C. § 3.) Section 4 requires a `United States district court' to entertain an application to compel arbitration. (9 U.S.C. § 4.)" (Rosenthal, supra, 14 Cal.4th at pp. 405-406.)
Rosenthal then summarized the remaining sections of the FAA, sections 5 through 16, as follows: "Section 5 of the [FAA] concerns court appointment of an arbitrator upon failure of the agreed method. Section 6 provides that `[a]ny application to the court hereunder shall be made and heard in the manner provided by law for the making and hearing of motions, except as otherwise herein expressly provided.' (9 U.S.C. § 6.) Section 7 provides for court enforcement of arbitrators' summons of witnesses. Section 8 concerns proceedings in admiralty cases. Sections 9 through 13 set standards and procedures for court confirmation, correction and vacation of arbitrators' awards. Section 14 limits retroactivity of the [FAA]. Section 15 concerns the Act of State doctrine. Section 16 provides for an appeal from specified orders made under the [FAA]. (9 U.S.C. §§ 5-16.)" (Rosenthal, supra, 14 Cal.4th at p. 406, fn. 3, italics added.)
Guided by Rosenthal, the appellate court in Siegel v. Prudential Ins. Co. (1998) 67 Cal.App.4th 1270 (Siegel), held that sections 10 and 12 of the FAA do not apply in state court proceedings. Siegel stated: "The language of section 10 with its reference to courts of the United States and the `district' where the award was made is inconsistent with it being applicable to litigation before state judges. Further, the reference in section 12 of the [FAA] to the district where service can be made is consistent with application to federal court postarbitration litigation involving the merits of the award. Moreover, the reference to service by a `marshal' on a nonresident party of an application to set aside an award is consistent with the application to federal courts. Further, Rosenthal and relevant United States Supreme Court decisions make it clear not all elements of the [FAA] apply to state court litigation involving arbitrations. The United States Supreme Court has noted that the principal purpose of the [FAA] is to ensure the enforcement of arbitration agreements. [Citation.]" (Siegel, supra, 67 Cal.App.4th at p. 1290, italics added.) Siegel also observed, "[n]othing in the legislative reports and debates evidences a congressional intention that postaward and state court litigation rules be preempted so long as the basic policy upholding the enforceability of arbitration agreements remained in full force and effect." (Id. at p. 1289, italics added.)
In view of the above, we readily conclude section 9 of the FAA is procedural in nature and does not apply to state court litigation. Even section 9's heading denotes that it is procedural, to wit: "Section 9. Award of arbitrators; confirmation; jurisdiction; procedure." (9 U.S.C.A. § 9, italics added.)
Beyond the heading of section 9, the text of section 9 of the FAA indicates it is procedural so as to apply only to federal court proceedings. Section 9 sets forth timing, venue, service and notice requirements for an application to confirm an award. The reference in section 9 to bringing applications "to the United States court in and for the district within which such award was made" renders the section inapplicable to state courts. Also, the reference in section 9 to service by "marshals" is consistent with application of section 9 to federal court proceedings.
We conclude section 9 is a procedural statute, intended to implement the substantive provisions of the FAA in federal court proceedings; section 9 has no application to state court proceedings.
Moreover, our determination that section 9 is limited to federal court proceedings does not impinge on "the basic policy upholding the enforceability of arbitration agreements." (Siegel, supra, 67 Cal.App.4th at p. 1289.) By giving credence to the award which was the product of the instant arbitration proceeding, our conclusion is in harmony with the FAA's basic policy upholding the enforceability of arbitration agreements.
In sum, section 9 of the FAA does not apply in state court proceedings. Therefore, there was no requirement that SP and Swissmex's arbitration agreement expressly provided that any arbitration award could be judicially confirmed. Because section 9 of the FAA was not an impediment to judicial confirmation of the award, the trial court properly confirmed the award and entered judgment thereon.
Assuming arguendo that section 9 of the FAA does apply so as to require the parties' agreement to specify that judgment may be entered on an arbitration award, that requirement was satisfied. The record establishes the parties in the instant case agreed that judgment could be entered upon an arbitration award.
The sales representative agreements between SP and Swissmex, dated 1999 and 2007, both provided: "In the Event of any dispute under or relating to the terms of this Agreement, or any breach thereof, the same shall be submitted to the American Arbitration Association in Los Angeles, California, to be decided in accordance with its rule." On March 1, 2010, SP filed a Demand for Arbitration pursuant to the Commercial Arbitration Rules of the AAA.
The AAA's Commercial Arbitration Rules, amended and effective June 1, 2009, state: "The parties shall be deemed to have made these rules a part of their arbitration agreement whenever they have provided for arbitration by the American Arbitration Association . . . ." (Rule R-1(a).) The Rules further provide: "Parties to an arbitration under these rules shall be deemed to have consented that judgment upon the arbitration award may be entered in any federal or state court having jurisdiction thereof." (Rule R-48(c).) (Italics added.)
With Rule R-48(c) incorporated into the parties' agreement pursuant to Rule R-1(a), we reject SP's argument the parties failed to agree that judgment could be entered on an arbitration award.
Idea Nuova, Inc. v. GM Licensing Group, Inc. (2d Cir. 2010) 617 F.3d 177 (Idea Nuova), is on point. There, the issue was the alleged lack of consent to confirmation, as required by section 9 of the FAA. (9 U.S.C. § 9.) The appellant contended the district court erred in confirming an arbitration award because the terms of the arbitration agreement did not include the parties'"consent to judicial confirmation of any arbitral award." (Id. at p. 180.)
Idea Nuova "conclude[d] that when, as here, parties expressly agree to submit their commercial disputes `to AAA arbitration for resolution,' . . . such language is reasonably understood, without more, to agree to arbitration pursuant to AAA rules and to the incorporation of those rules into the parties' agreement." (Idea Nuova, supra, 617 F.3d at p. 181.) With the AAA rules incorporated into the parties' agreement, Idea Nuova rejected the appellant's argument "that it never agreed . . . to the court's jurisdiction to confirm arbitral awards." (Ibid.) Accordingly, Idea Nuova "conclude[d] that the Agreement between [the parties] satisfies the FAA's `consent to confirmation' requirement, see 9 U.S.C. § 9, and [it] affirm[ed] the district court judgment confirming the final arbitral award." (Id. at p. 182.)
In an attempt to avoid the impact of the Commercial Arbitration Rules, and specifically Rule R-48(c) thereof, SP contends the arbitration was conducted in accordance with the AAA's International Dispute Resolution Procedures, not the Commercial Arbitration Rules.
The ICDR, located in New York, is the international division of the AAA and is charged with exclusive administration of all of the AAA's international matters. On March 10, 2010, the ICDR notified the parties that it was administering their contract dispute and that the matter would be "administered under the International Dispute Resolution Procedures . . . unless the parties agree otherwise." (Italics added.) Thereafter, the matter was heard in Los Angeles, in accordance with the parties' arbitration agreement.
Although the matter was administered by the ICDR, it appears the matter was arbitrated under the AAA's Commercial Arbitration Rules, not under the Internal Dispute Resolution Procedures. SP's Demand for Arbitration specifically invoked the Commercial Arbitration Rules, and its Demand stated: "The named claimant, a party to an arbitration agreement dated March 1, 2007, which provides for arbitration under the Commercial Arbitration Rules of the [AAA], hereby demands arbitration." Further, in the arbitration proceeding, SP made claims for punitive damages, which are barred by article 28 of the International Dispute Resolution Procedures, but not barred by the Commercial Arbitration Rules. (Rule R-43 [scope of award].)
In sum, the parties agreed to arbitrate pursuant to the Commercial Arbitration Rules. With the Commercial Arbitration Rules incorporated into the parties' agreement, the parties are deemed to have consented to entry of judgment upon an arbitration award. Therefore, even assuming section 9 of the FAA is applicable in a state court proceeding, the statute was satisfied.
The judgment is affirmed. Swissmex shall recover its costs on appeal.
CROSKEY, J. and KITCHING, J., concurs.
