PITMAN, J.
C. Bean Transport, Inc. Creditors Trust appeals a judgment from the First Judicial District Court of Louisiana, Caddo Parish, dismissing its petition to intervene seeking reimbursement and subrogation for workers' compensation payments previously made to Plaintiffs, Claude B. Kennedy and his wife, Robbie J. Kennedy. For the following reasons, we affirm the trial court's dismissal.
On January 31, 2005, Plaintiff, Claude B. Kennedy ("Claude"), was driving an 18-wheeler owned by his employer, C. Bean Transport, Inc. ("Bean Transport"),
Plaintiffs filed suit to recover from Durden; Phoenix Insurance Co. ("Phoenix"), Plaintiffs' personal automobile insurance carrier; and Bean Transport's automobile liability insurance carrier, Cherokee Insurance Company ("Cherokee"). On February 15, 2008, Bean Transport filed a petition to intervene in the proceeding seeking to recover from Cherokee, as its uninsured/underinsured (UM) motorist coverage carrier, which is statutorily required in Louisiana, any and all workers' compensation benefits it paid to Claude. Judge Scott J. Crichton granted Plaintiffs' motion for summary judgment against Intervenor and granted Cherokee's motion for partial summary judgment, dismissing Bean Transport's petition to intervene. The district court reasoned that, because of the exclusions agreed upon in the Cherokee automobile liability insurance policy, the policy does not apply to any obligation for which Bean Transport might be liable under workers' compensation law and Bean Transport does not have a legal basis to maintain claims in the lawsuit. Judge Crichton signed a judgment to that effect on July 10, 2009.
The Cherokee insurance policy at issue contains the following exclusion:
Bean Transport appealed the judgment to this court, but that appeal was dismissed. The third defendant named in the petition to intervene, Durden, did not file a motion for summary judgment; and, without express language making the judgment final against all defendants, Bean Transport's claim against Durden was not dismissed. The judgment was not final and, thus, could not be reviewed on appeal.
On joint motion of Cherokee and Plaintiffs, Judge Crichton entered an amended judgment dismissing Bean Transport's intervention against all Defendants based on the Cherokee insurance policy exclusion and expressly stating that it was a final, appealable judgment. Bean Transport now appeals, alleging that the judgment was amended ex parte and that the court erred in determining that the Cherokee insurance policy exclusion applied to its statutorily imposed UM obligation.
Assignment of Error # 1 (verbatim): The trial court erred in amending its July 10, 2009 judgment ex parte and without a hearing or notice to all parties.
Bean Transport contends that the trial court committed error in failing to give notice or allow a hearing before amending its July 10, 2009 judgment. La. C.C.P. art. 1915 allows a court to revise or amend an order or decision at any time prior to rendition of the judgment adjudicating all of the claims and the rights and liabilities of all the parties. In McDonald v. Cason, 01-0932 (La.App. 3d Cir.12/12/01), 801 So.2d 1255, writ denied, 02-0135 (La.3/22/02), 811 So.2d 938, the court interpreted La. C.C.P. art. 1915 as not requiring an evidentiary hearing before amending a judgment. Bean Transport asserts that, since the first ruling did not apply to Durden, as determined by this court, Durden and other parties should have been given an opportunity to be heard before a final judgment was submitted.
This case was remanded because the appealed judgment granted summary judgment against only two of the three defendants. On remand, the trial court, in its discretion, amended the judgment to include the third defendant, making the judgment final and appealable. La. C.C.P. art. 1915(A)(1) specifically states that a final judgment may be rendered and signed by the court to dismiss the suit as to intervenors. There are no statutory notice requirements and the court acted in its discretion to dismiss the intervention of Bean Transport against all parties. Accordingly, this assignment is without merit.
Assignment of Error # 2 (verbatim): The trial court committed error when it found that Cherokee Insurance Company's automobile liability policy issued to C. Bean Transport, Inc. included a contractual exclusion that applied to its statutorily imposed uninsured motorist obligation.
The Cherokee policy contains a workers' compensation exclusion, previously quoted herein. Bean Transport's intervention seeks to recover from Cherokee as its UM carrier the sum of the workers' compensation payments it made to Claude. Bean Transport argues that the district court erred in finding that the exclusions contained in the automobile liability policy issued by Cherokee also apply to UM coverage. Bean Transport further argues that, since La. R.S. 23:1101 allows an employer who pays workers' compensation benefits to an employee to bring suit to recover from a third party who is obligated to pay the injured employee for damages,
Louisiana law requires all automobile liability insurance policies to provide UM coverage for any accident which occurs in Louisiana. La. R.S. 22:1295(1)(a)(iii). The insured under an automobile liability policy can specifically reject or alter the UM coverage within the limits of the statute. The rejection or alteration to the statutory limits must be on a standard form and must be signed by the insured. La. R.S. 22:1295(1)(a)(ii). The Cherokee policy does not contain any language addressing UM coverage and there is no rejection or alteration signed by Bean Transport.
Bean Transport's analysis of the right of an employer to recover from a third-party UM insurer is correct. Travelers Ins. Co. v. Joseph, supra. In that case, the supreme court held that the employer's UM carrier was a "third person" legally liable to pay employee damages resulting from a work-related automobile accident and that the employer could recover from its UM carrier for reimbursement of benefits paid to the injured employee. At first blush, Bean Transport's argument appears to have merit, but the distinguishing fact in the instant case is that the employer, Bean Transport, has a contract in the form of the automobile liability policy with its UM carrier, Cherokee, which specifically excludes recovery for workers' compensation obligations. The court in Traveler's, supra, went on to validate workers' compensation exclusions in UM policies; a UM insurer may exclude reimbursement of workers' compensation obligations. Travelers Ins. Co. v. Joseph, supra.
The trial court concluded that UM coverage is required in Louisiana and that the statute mandates that it should be included in all current automobile liability policies and, if not included, added by statute. The trial court further determined that the UM statute is to be incorporated into any liability policy covering an accident that occurs in this state along with any exclusions negotiated by the parties. Despite the fact that the trial court applied UM coverage by statute to the policy, Cherokee and Bean Transport agreed that the policy would not cover any workers' compensation obligations incurred by Bean Transport when they negotiated the terms of the policy. Based on this exclusion, the trial court concluded there was no coverage for workers' compensation under the policy. For these reasons, we agree that Bean Transport has no recovery or subrogation rights against Cherokee.
Although Bean Transport is afforded UM coverage under its automobile liability policy with Cherokee as provided by Louisiana law, it is subject to the exclusion contained in that policy regarding payment of workers' compensation benefits. For this reason, Bean Transport is precluded from recovering under the UM provision of that policy for any workers' compensation benefits it may have paid. The trial court's analysis of the UM statute and its inclusion in an automobile liability policy is correct. Accordingly, this assignment is without merit.
Assignment of Error # 3 (verbatim): The trial court committed error when it interpreted the exclusion within the automobile liability policy as precluding recovery by the employer.
Bean Transport asserts that, even if the exclusion applies to the UM coverage, the
A reading of the exclusion makes it clear that the Cherokee policy does not cover any workers' compensation obligations incurred by the insured. As discussed above, we agree with the trial court's decision to apply the exclusion in the liability policy to the statutory UM policy. Bean Transport's petition to intervene requests reimbursement from Cherokee for the workers' compensation obligation it owed to Claude. Since the contractual relationship between Cherokee and Bean Transport expressly excludes recovery for workers' compensation obligations, the trial court's analysis was correct and this assignment is without merit.
Assignment of Error # 4 (verbatim): The trial court committed error when it found that the Louisiana Supreme Court decision of Cutsinger v. Redfern applied to the intervention filed by C. Bean Transport.
The principal issue in Cutsinger v. Redfern, 08-2607 (La.5/22/09), 12 So.3d 945, is the solidary relationship between a UM carrier and the employer. The instant matter is distinguishable in that the Plaintiff in Cutsinger filed suit to recover from her own UM carrier, whereas, in the instant case, Plaintiffs filed suit to recover from the employer's liability/UM carrier. As discussed above, the contractual relationship between Bean Transport and Cherokee changes Bean Transport's right to recover from Cherokee. The trial court applied Cutsinger correctly in determining that Bean Transport and Cherokee have a solidary obligation to Plaintiffs, but went one step further and applied the workers' compensation exclusion to the statutory UM coverage, which relieved Cherokee from any obligation it would have had to Bean Transport.
Bean Transport argues that the imposition of a solidary obligation between Cherokee and itself, as outlined in Cutsinger, creates a third-party relationship, allowing it to recover from Cherokee as it would be able to from another UM carrier or third party. In Cutsinger v. Redfern, supra, the supreme court found, by expanding its ruling in Bellard v. American Central Ins. Co., 07-1335 (La.4/18/08), 980 So.2d 654, that a UM carrier and the employer, or its workers' compensation insurer, are solidary obligors, which would have an effect on what Cherokee may owe to Plaintiffs. Any payments made to the injured party by either the insurer or the employer extinguishes the obligation of the other. Cutsinger v. Redfern, supra. That issue is not before this court.
In Travelers Ins. Co. v. Joseph, supra, the supreme court concluded that, absent an express exclusion in the UM policy issued to the employer, the UM carrier was a "third person" under the definition of La. R.S. 23:1101(C). Also, as discussed above, in Travelers Ins. Co. v. Joseph, supra, the supreme court found that a workers' compensation exclusion contained in a UM policy was valid, as parties are free to contract on all matters not forbidden by law. See also Tommie's Novelty v. Velasco, 37,924 (La.App.2d Cir.2/26/04), 868 So.2d 962.
For these reasons, the contractual exclusion agreed upon by Bean Transport and Cherokee eliminates the possibility of recovery for any workers' compensation benefits under the statutory UM policy. Therefore, Bean Transport has no right of reimbursement or subrogation in this case. We agree with the trial court that dismissal of Bean Transport's intervention was proper and this assignment of error is without merit.
For the foregoing reasons, the ruling dismissing the petition to intervene of Intervenor, C. Bean Transport, Inc. Creditors Trust, is affirmed. Costs of this appeal are assessed to C. Bean Transport, Inc. Creditors Trust.
BROWN, Chief Judge, dissents with written reasons.
BROWN, Chief Judge, dissents.
La. R.S. 23:1101states in part:
In Travelers Ins. Co. v. Joseph, 95-0200 (La.06/30/95), 656 So.2d 1000, 1005, the supreme court concluded:
The question in the case sub judice is whether the liability/UM policy issued by Cherokee Ins. Co. to the employer, C. Bean Transport, Inc expressly excludes "reimbursement" to the workers' compensation insurer or self-insured employer.
The exclusion reads:
The exclusion specifically applies to the "insured" — the insured is C. Bean Transport (intervenor) — and it excludes any obligation that C. Bean Transport "
In Travelers Ins. Co., supra, the exclusion provided for the direct or indirect "benefit" of any employer; in this case, the exclusion is only for any "obligation" for which the employer may be held liable under "any workers' compensation law."
In this case, the employer paid its obligation to its employee. That is not at issue. The obligation in the instant case is whether the UM carrier must reimburse the workers' compensation insurer or the self-insured employer. Under the majority opinion, the employee who was injured through the negligence of a third party does not get double recovery; the self insured employer pays wage and medical benefits; and, the bad guy (tortfeasor) gets credit for what has been paid by the employer.
Public policy, as enacted by the legislature, is to provide UM coverage unless rejected and reimbursement to the innocent employer unless excluded. The rejection of UM coverage requires that certain formalities be followed; similar exact formalities must be followed to reject or exclude the reimbursement as provided for in La. R.S. 23:1101. The exclusion in this case was written by Cherokee Ins. Co. and they must suffer the loss for any ambiguity.
APPLICATION FOR REHEARING
Before BROWN, WILLIAMS, STEWART, DREW & PITMAN, JJ.
Rehearing denied.
BROWN and DREW, JJ., would grant rehearing.