ALLISON CLAIRE, Magistrate Judge.
Petitioner is a federal prisoner currently incarcerated at the Federal Correctional Institution in Herlong, California, in the Eastern District of California. He seeks relief, pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2241, from a prison disciplinary finding that resulted in the forfeiture of good conduct time credits. ECF No. 1. Respondent has answered on the merits. ECF No. 9. Petitioner filed a reply. ECF No. 10.
Petitioner is serving a 240 month sentence for drug-related offenses. On December 29, 2012, while petitioner was incarcerated at the Camp attached to the Federal Correctional Institution in Big Springs, Texas, a special inmate count was conducted at 7:00 p.m. One inmate was unaccounted for, so a "bed book count" was conducted at 7:10 p.m., and it was determined that petitioner was missing. All inmates with the exception of petitioner reported to their dorms in response to the search announcement. A second bed book count was conducted with the same result. The entire Camp was searched, and petitioner was not located. At 9:20 p.m., petitioner entered the Camp Office and told the officer that he had been asleep in the television room. An incident report charged petitioner with a violation of BOP prohibited act code 102, escape. ECF No. 1 at 22 (Incident Report).
A hearing was held before a Disciplinary Hearing Officer ("DSO") on January 10, 2013.
Petitioner filed an administrative appeal with the Regional Director, who found sufficient evidence to support the escape finding and denied the appeal. ECF No. 1 at 36 (Response of Regional Director). Petitioner then appealed to the BOP's Central Office for Inmate Appeals. The Central Office sent petitioner a receipt acknowledging that his appeal had been received on May 20, 2012, and stating that a response to the appeal was due on June 29, 2013. ECF No. 1 at 41 (Receipt). Petitioner was subsequently notified that the time to respond to his appeal was extended to July 19, 2013. ECF No. 1 at 43 (Extension of Time for Response). No formal response to the appeal was issued.
This § 2241 petition followed.
Petitioner presents three claims: (1) that his due process rights were violated by the imposition of sanctions for a prohibited act different than the one charged; (2) that the disciplinary finding was not supported by "some evidence" that petitioner actually escaped from the custody of BOP; and (3) that the failure of BOP officials to respond to his appeal constitutes a "default" requiring relief from the sanctions imposed by the hearing officer. Respondent acknowledges that petitioner has exhausted his administrative remedies as to all three claims.
Petitioner contends that he was not given advance notice of the charge of which he was found guilty, in violation of
Petitioner was initially charged with escape, prohibited act code 102, which is defined as follows: "Escape from escort; escape from any secure or non-secure institution, including community confinement; escape form unescorted community program or activity; escape from outside a secure institution." 28 C.F.R. § 541.1, et seq. at Table 1 (2012) ("Table 1"), ECF No. 9-1 at 73.
Petitioner alleges that he did not learn until several days after his hearing that he had been found guilty of a different prohibited act of escape, code 200. ECF No. 1 at 6-7. Code 200 is defined as follows: "Escape from a work detail, non-secure institution, or other non-secure confinement, including community confinement, with subsequent voluntary return to Bureau of Prisons custody within four hours." Table 1, ECF No. 9-1 at 75.
Prohibited acts are classified into four tiers, by severity level. Code numbers 100 et seq. are "Greatest Severity Level Prohibited Acts."
In effect, petitioner objects to having been found guilty of a lesser related prohibited act. The Bureau of Prisons regulations that govern the disposition of disciplinary charges specifically permit a finding that the inmate committed an act similar to the one initially charged. The pertinent regulation provides as follows:
28 C.F.R. § 541.8(a)(1).
There may be circumstances in which a finding of a violation different than the one initially charged would violate
Accordingly, petitioner is not entitled to relief on his first claim.
Petitioner argues that the disciplinary finding violates due process because it is unsupported by evidence that he had escaped. A prison disciplinary charge need not be proved beyond a reasonable doubt, or even by a preponderance of the evidence. Due process requires only that there be "some evidence" to support the charge.
The guilty finding here was supported by evidence that petitioner failed to report for three counts, and that a search of the Camp grounds did not locate him.
For these reasons, petitioner is not entitled to relief on his second claim.
Petitioner contends that the failure of the Inmate Appeals Central Office to issue a written denial of his appeal entitles him to expungement of the disciplinary finding and restoration of credits. Petitioner presents no legal basis for this theory, and the court cannot imagine one.
28 C.F.R. § 542.18 provides in relevant part, "If the inmate does not receive a response within the time allotted for reply, including extension, the inmate may consider the absence of a response to be a denial at that level." There has been no showing that this regulation, either on its face or as applied to petitioner, impairs due process or any other cognizable legal rights.
After petitioner sent his "Affidavit of Default," the Central Office responded with a check-the-box form memo that told petitioner two contradictory things: (1) that pursuant to policy, the absence of a response may be considered a denial, and (2) that "each appeal accepted by this office will [nonetheless] be responded to and you will be advised once the appeal is completed." ECF No. 1 at 55 (memorandum dated August 22, 2013). Respondent attempts to resolve the contradiction by arguing that petitioner should have interpreted the memo as notification that his appeal was not "accepted" by the Central Office, and therefore should be considered denied. ECF No. 9 at 11. Respondent may consider that interpretation a "logical conclusion,"
However, the confusion generated by the memorandum, and the Central Office's constructive denial of petitioner's appeal by silence, impaired no protected right of petitioner's. He had received a written statement of reasons for the disciplinary finding at the DHO level, as
There is no legal basis for the "default" rule that petitioner invokes here. This claim does not entitle him to relief.
For all the reasons set forth above, the petition does not state facts establishing a violation of due process or otherwise entitling petitioner to relief. Accordingly, the petition for writ of habeas corpus is hereby DENIED.