UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR VETERANS CLAIMS


                                              No. 99-2210

                                   JAMES E. WENSCH , APPELLANT ,

                                                   V.


                                     ANTHONY J. PRINCIPI,
                           SECRETARY OF VETERANS AFFAIRS, APPELLEE.


                          On Appeal from the Board of Veterans' Appeals


                                  ( Decided December 20, 2001         )


        Ronald L. Smith, of Washington D.C., was on the pleadings for the appellant.

       Leigh A. Bradley, General Counsel; Ron Garvin, Assistant General Counsel; and Mary
Ann Flynn, Deputy Assistant General Counsel, all of Washington D.C., were on the pleadings for
the appellee.

        Before FARLEY, HOLDAWAY, and IVERS, Judges.

        FARLEY, Judge, filed the opinion of the Court. IVERS, Judge, filed a concurring opinion.

        FARLEY, Judge: In an August 18, 1999, decision, the Board of Veterans' Appeals (Board
or BVA) denied the appellant service connection for arthritis of the back, both hips, and the
sacroiliac joint. The Board also denied the appellant's claim for an increased rating for residuals of
a bullet wound to the left Achilles tendon with sensitive scar and fibrious restriction of the left ankle.
Since the appellant fails to mention the increased rating claim in his brief, the Court construed the
claim to be abandoned. See Bucklinger v. Brown, 

(1993). The appellant appeals that
part of the Board decision that denied service connection for disabilities of the back, both hips, and
the sacroiliac joint, claimed as secondary to the appellant's service-connected gunshot wound (GSW)
residuals of his left lower leg. The Court has jurisdiction of the case under 38 U.S.C. § 7252(a).
For the following reasons, the Court will affirm the Board's decision.
        The Veterans Claims Assistance Act of 2000 (VCAA), Pub. L. No. 106-475, 114 Stat. 2096,
was enacted on November 9, 2000. In December 2000, the Court ordered supplemental briefing
regarding the impact, if any, of the VCAA on the appellant's claims. The appellant filed a
supplemental brief in January 2001 and the Secretary filed his supplemental brief in February 2001.
Both parties asserted that the VCAA was inapplicable in this case. In a Court order issued in May
2001, the parties were directed to file supplemental briefing addressing the possibility of waiver of
the VCAA by the appellant. The appellant responded with a supplemental brief dated June 27, 2001,
and the Secretary responded with a supplemental brief dated September 10, 2001. Although we
asked for and appreciate the additional briefing, we now determine that the question presented is not
one of waiver but whether the VCAA has any application in the instant case. We conclude, as we
did in Dela Cruz v. Principi, 

(2001), that the VCAA is not implicated in this case.


                                         I. BACKGROUND
        The appellant, James E. Wensch, served on active duty in the U.S. Army from December
1942 to November 1944. Record (R.) at 44. His service medical records read that he sustained a
gunshot wound to the left leg in September 1943. R. at 55. On November 22, 1944, the VA
awarded the appellant a combined service connection disability rating of 40%. R. at 142. This
award included (1) a 20% disability rating for "ankylosis, fibrous, residual of gunshot wound of
lower leg, left"; (2) a 20% disability rating for "paralysis, partial, severe, sural nerve, left, residual
of gunshot wound"; and (3) a 10% rating for "painful scar of a gunshot wound, adherent." 

1985, the appellant submitted a Statement in Support of Claim (SSC) in which
he asked "that service connection be established for low back pain as the result of [his] left leg."
R. at 300. In June 1985, the appellant was examined at a VA neurology clinic. R. at 378. The
physician's progress notes from that visit read that the appellant's low back pain started two to three
years prior to the visit. 

the appellant submitted another SSC, dated August 1985, which had been
completed by a private physician, Dr. F. J. Quincannon. R. at 307. In that statement, Dr.
Quincannon reported that he last "saw" the appellant on October 9, 1984, and opined that the
appellant "will probably begat worsening of his back problem in respect to his radiculopathy,
muscle atrophy and sensation." 

that the appellant "be re-
evaluated . . . in the left calf and left thigh to see the degree of deterioration over a period of years."

sent to the VA Regional Office (RO) in October 1985, Dr. Quincannon wrote that the

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appellant has "sensory loss, inability to dorsal flex the foot, pain in the heel and pain in the Achilles
bursa." R. at 309. Dr. Quincannon remarked that these conditions were "related to [the appellant's]
old injury and probable cicatrisation and joint space involvement with typical pain, neuralgia
associated with it." 

was conducted on November 13, 1985. R. at 315-26. During this
hearing, the appellant stated that he had "constant soreness in his back," which he attributed to his
service-connected left leg disability. R. at 319. In January 1986, the appellant submitted another
letter from Dr. Quincannon. R. at 330. In this letter, Dr. Quincannon indicated that an X-ray taken
in October 1984 showed "degenerative changes" of the appellant's lumbar spine. 

opined that the appellant's back pain was a "chronic condition related to his old war
injury of the posterior left leg." 

1986, a VA physician examined the appellant. R. at 333-36. In the
examination report, the physician noted that the appellant stated he had "low back pain for over a
year." R. at 333. The physician reported "spinous processes nontender" without spasm and noted
the appellant's complaints of "L5 paraspinal pain." 

the appellant with
osteoarthritis of the lumbar spine, and concluded that he could "not associate the lumbar spine
complaints with the leg GSW." R. at 335. On March 11, 1986, the RO denied service connection
for the osteoarthritis of the lumbar spine. R. at 338-39. The appellant did not appeal that decision.
        The appellant, on July 17, 1995, filed another SSC. R. at 357. The appellant wrote, "[p]lease
consider this as a claim for service connection for a back condition as [secondary] to service[-]
connected left ankle condition." 

letter from a private physician, Dr. McPhee,
of the Mayo Clinic. R. at 360. In that letter, Dr. McPhee stated that he had examined the appellant
on August 14, 1995, and that the appellant reported pain across the sacroiliac regions bilaterally,
with periodic radiation of pain into the thighs. 

had revealed tenderness
over the sacroiliac areas and restriction of motion of the hips. 

"quite
severe degenerative changes in both sacroiliac joints, and moderate evidence of degenerative
arthritis in both hips with hypertrophic changes." 

that "[n]o doubt his
abnormal walking over the years contributed to degenerative changes that occurred in the sacroiliac
joints and hips. They are contributing to his symptoms at this time." 

a Mayo Clinic gastroenterologist, examined the appellant in August 1995. R. at
366-373. The exam included discussion concerning the appellant's orthopedic and neurologic
complaints. R. at 367. Dr. Parent concluded that "the patient's leg pains were due to degenerative
arthritis of the sacroiliac and hip joint, contributed to by the war injury to the lower aspect of his
leg." R. at 366.
        The RO, in January 1996, denied, inter alia, the appellant's attempt to reopen "the claim for
service connection for back condition to include arthritis as secondary to service[-] connected lower
extremity." R. at 381. The appellant filed a Notice of Disagreement (NOD) on January 30, 1996,
(R. at 385) and the RO issued a Statement of the Case in February 1996 (R. at 388-402). The
appellant sought appellate review of the RO's denial via an appeal to the BVA in March 1996. R. at
404.
        The appellant submitted another letter from Dr. McPhee, dated March 1996. R. at 409. In
that letter, Dr. McPhee expressed his view that the appellant's abnormal gait, "which he has had for
many years due to his war injury, . . . contributed to the degenerative arthritis of his hips, sacroliliac
joints, and lumbosacral spine." 

1996, the RO conducted a personal hearing with
the appellant. R. at 421. During the hearing, the appellant stated that his hip problem began in the
1950s. R. at 425. The appellant further stated that two physicians, Drs. Romberger and Quintana,
told him that he would have back problems because of his leg condition. 

stated that his back problems began in 1986, and that both of these doctors are now deceased. 

that in May 1996 the appellant presented for a VA compensation and
pension (C&P) examination conducted by Dr. Savlov. R. at 438-40. Dr. Savlov noted that in the
mid-1960s the appellant "began noticing pain in the left buttock, radiating down the posterior left
thigh" that had been diagnosed as sciatic pain. R. at 438. Dr. Savlov noted the appellant's "foot
drop" but was unable to address the relationship of the "foot drop" to the sciatic pain. R. at 440.
The medical report included findings of degenerative arthritis of the lumbar spine as well as bilateral
degenerative arthritis of the hips. R. at 438.
        In a Supplemental Statement of the Case and Hearing Officer's Decision of August 1996, the
RO sustained the prior finding that no new and material evidence had been submitted to reopen the
claim for service connection for a back condition to include arthritis. R. at 445. In October 1996,
the appellant filed a NOD. R. at 449. In March 1997, the appellant's representative from Disabled

                                                    4
American Veterans (DAV) filed a Statement of Accredited Representative asking that the BVA
reopen and grant the claim. R. at 464-470. DAV also submitted an Informal Hearing Presentation
in June 1997. R. at 471-73. In July 1997, the BVA remanded the increased rating claim and the
instant secondary service connection claim for additional development. R. at 475-81.
       In February 1998, the appellant presented for another C&P examination with VA physician
Dr. Moga. R. at 490-91. After examining the veteran and taking x-rays, Dr. Moga concluded that
"[t]here is no direct connection between [the appellant's] low back and hips to the limited motion
of the left ankle. There has not been any aggravation of the hip and low back disabilities as a result
of the service[-]connected left ankle gunshot wound residual limited motion." R. at 491. Dr. Moga
confirmed that he had reviewed the appellant's entire set of records prior to the examination. 

1999, the BVA issued the decision now on appeal. In that decision, the BVA
found that new and material evidence had been submitted to reopen the claim for entitlement to
service connection for a back disability. 

claim on the merits, the BVA
denied entitlement to service connection for a back disability to include arthritis. R. at 41. The
BVA also denied entitlement for service connection for a hip and sacroiliac disability to include
arthritis and denied entitlement to an increased evaluation for residuals of a bullet wound of the left
Achilles tendon with sensitive scar and fibrous restriction of the left ankle. 

a brief and a reply brief in which he argued for reversal of that part of the
Board's decision that denied his service connection claims on the basis of its alleged failure to apply
the benefit-of-the-doubt rule. Additionally, he urged the Court to remand with instructions that the
VA adjudicate the issues of disability rating and effective date. He also argued that the Court should
modify its interpretation of the clearly erroneous standard of review so as to permit it to reverse a
Board's decision that is merely arbitrary and capricious. The Secretary filed a brief in which he
argued that the BVA's decision was in accordance with the law and thus should be affirmed.




                                           II. ANALYSIS
                                 A. BVA's Factual Determination
       The determination of whether the appellant's injury was incurred in or aggravated by military
service is a factual determination. See Wray v. Brown, 

, 492 (1995); Wood v.

                                                  5
Derwinski, 

, 192 (1991). Under 38 U.S.C. § 7261(a)(4), in order for this Court to
overturn a BVA finding, this Court must conclude that the finding was "clearly erroneous." If there
is a "plausible" basis in the record for the BVA's factual determination, this Court cannot overturn
that decision. Gilbert v. Derwinski, 

, 53 (1990).
       The BVA reviewed the appellant's claims folder, including all medical opinions favorable
and unfavorable to the appellant's claims. Notwithstanding the favorable medical opinions, the BVA
found the February 1998 VA medical opinion to be highly probative. R. at 15. The Board stated:
               [The February 1998 ]medical opinion was rendered by an expert who
               was able to conduct a longitudinal review [of] the veteran's claims
               folder. The Board points out that the medical records in the claims
               folder document [show] the severity of the service-connected left leg
               disability and the veteran's functional limitations due to the left leg
               disability. Such information is pertinent and must be considered
               when determining whether the veteran's back disability is due to the
               service-connected left leg disability. The Board also notes that the
               VA examiner cited to the reasons and bases that he relied upon in
               formulating the conclusions and provided an etiology for the back
               disability. 

found the 1986 VA examination report, in which the examiner was unable to
associate the lumbar spine complaints with the gunshot wound to the left leg, to be highly probative.
R. at 16. The Board based this decision on the fact that the examination was a "special orthopedic
examination and the VA examiner extensively examined the veteran's back disability and the
service-connected residuals of the gunshot wound to the left leg prior to formulating his
conclusions." 

discussing why the VA medical examinations were found to be
highly probative, the BVA explained why the private medical examinations were found to have
"limited probative value." 

that neither Dr. McPhee nor Dr. Quincannon
provided "reasons and bases for their conclusions" and it was unclear whether either doctor
examined the veteran's service-connected left leg disability extensively or if a longitudinal review
of the veteran's claim file was conducted. 

an error for the BVA to favor the opinion
of one competent medical expert over that of another when the Board gives an adequate statement
of reasons and bases." Owens v. Brown, 

, 433 (1995). It is the duty of the BVA, not
this Court, to assess the credibility and weight to be given to the evidence. 

.
Because there is a plausible basis in the record for the Board's factual finding, the Court holds that

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the BVA's denial of service connection for a back, hip, and sacroiliac joint condition, including
arthritis, was not "clearly erroneous." See 

. Moreover, the BVA's discussion of all
the medical opinions and rationale for finding some more probative than others demonstrate that the
Board based its conclusions on adequate reasons and bases. See 38 U.S.C. § 7104 (d)(1).
Accordingly, we will affirm that decision.
       The appellant argued that he was entitled to the "benefit of the doubt" because there is an
approximate balance of positive and negative evidence in support of his claim. The appellant is
correct that, pursuant to 38 U.S.C. § 5107(b), veterans enjoy the "benefit of the doubt" with regard
to factual issues material to their claims if the evidence is in equipoise. See 

. Weighing of the evidence, however, is not the duty of the appellant. It is the obligation of
the Board to determine "whether the evidence supports the [appellant's] claim or is in relative
equipoise, with the veteran prevailing in either event, or whether a fair preponderance of the
evidence is against the claim, in which case the claim is denied." 

. In the
instant case, the Board did not find that the evidence was in equipoise but instead found that the
preponderance of the evidence did not support an entitlement for service connection for appellant's
back, hip, and sacroiliac condition. As noted above, the Court found that that determination was not
clearly erroneous. Therefore, the Board did not err in connection with the benefit of the doubt
doctrine. See McGrath v. Gober, 

, 34 (2000); Schoolman v. West, 

,
311 (1999).
                              B. The Veterans Claims Assistance Act
       Among other things, the VCAA, enacted November 9, 2000, eliminated the well-grounded-
claim requirement and modified the Secretary's duties to notify and assist claimants. See generally
VCAA, §§ 3, 4, 7; see also Holliday v. Principi, 

0, 284-86 (2001) (holding all
sections of VCAA retroactive). This Court has held, however, that the holding in Holliday "was not
intended to stand for the proposition that the VCAA requires remand of all pending claims and that
this Court may not decide that the VCAA could not affect a pending matter." Livesay v. Principi,

, 178 (2001)(en banc).
       Case law illustrates that the VCAA is not applicable in all cases. In one case, the Court held
that the VCAA was inapplicable to a matter of pure statutory interpretation. See Smith v. Gober, 

, 231-32 (2000). In another case, the Court concluded that the appellant was fully

                                                  7
notified and aware of the type of evidence required to substantiate his claims and that no additional
assistance would aid in further developing his claims. Dela Cruz, 15 Vet.App at 149. When there
is extensive factual development in a case, reflected both in the record on appeal (ROA) and the
BVA's decision, which indicates no reasonable possibility that any further assistance would aid the
appellant in substantiating his claim, this Court has concluded that the VCAA does not apply. Id;
see also VCAA § 3(a), 114 Stat. 2097, 38 U.S.C. § 5103A(a)(2) (Secretary not required to provide
assistance "if no reasonable possibility exists that such assistance would aid in substantiating the
claim"). In the instant case, the extensive ROA and the detailed Board decision demonstrate the
futility of any further evidentiary development. Indeed, both parties agree that the VCAA is
inapplicable. The appellant filed a supplemental brief in which he asserted that he "is not prejudiced
by any lack of notice with respect to the evidence needed to establish his claim or by any lack of
assistance from the Secretary." Appellant's Suppl. Br. at 9. The Secretary filed a reply to the
appellant's supplemental brief in which he argued that a remand for application of the VCAA is not
required because this case falls into the category of "cases in which it is obvious that all possible
evidence has already been obtained or the failure to obtain it is fully accounted for [which] the
Secretary maintains that such cases fall under the Court's rationale in Soyini v. Derwinski,

, 546 (1991)." Secretary's Suppl. Br. at 2. Here, as in Dela Cruz, the factual
evidentiary development is such that "no reasonable possibility exists that [any] further assistance
would aid the appellant in substantiating his claim." VCAA § 3(a), 114 § Stat. 2097, 38 U.S.C.
§ 5103A(a)(2). Thus, the VCAA's duty to notify and duty to assist provisions are not applicable.
Accordingly, the Court concludes that the VCAA does not require remand.




                                       C. Standard of Review
       Under the "clearly erroneous" standard of review, "if there is a 'plausible' basis in the record
for the factual determinations of the BVA, even if this Court might not have reached the same
factual determinations, [the Court] cannot overturn them." 

. The
appellant's counsel argued that the Court should reexamine its case law interpreting the "clearly
erroneous" standard of review, particularly in light of In Re Zurko, 

(Fed. Cir. 1998)
and Dickinson v. Zurko,(Zurko) 

, 

(1999). In Zurko, the Supreme Court

                                                  8
reversed the Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit (Federal Circuit) and held that the Federal
Circuit should have applied the Administrative Procedure Act's standards, under 5 U.S.C. § 706,
when reviewing findings of fact by the Patent and Trademark Office and not the "clearly erroneous"
standard of review. This Court has consistently applied the "clearly erroneous" standard set forth
by the U.S. Supreme Court in United States v. United States Gypsum Co.,333 U.S. 364, 

(1948), which the Court in Zurko cited when defining the "clearly erroneous" standard. 

; see, e.g., Muehl v. West, 

, 161 (1999); Villano v. Brown, 10 Vet.
App. 248, 250 (1997); 

. Moreover, Congress has explicitly established that this Court
is to apply the "clearly erroneous" standard of review when reviewing findings of material fact. See
38 U.S.C. § 7261(a)(4). Accordingly, the Court will not reexamine its interpretation of the "clearly
erroneous" standard at this time. Counsel's argument, that this Court deviate from this statutorily
imposed standard, raised in the instant appeal and other appeals before the Court (see Melton v.
West, 

(2000)), would be more properly advanced in some other forum.


                                       III. CONCLUSION
       Upon consideration of the foregoing analysis, the ROA, and the parties' pleadings, the Court
holds that the appellant has not demonstrated that the BVA committed error - in its findings of fact,
conclusions of law, procedural processes, articulation of reasons or bases, or consideration of the
benefit-of-the-doubt rule - that would warrant reversal or remand. Therefore, the Court affirms the
August 18, 1999, BVA decision.


       IVERS, Judge, concurring: The procedural history of this appeal, particularly as depicted
by the orders for supplemental pleadings, is indicative of the developing nature of the law in the
wake of the enactment of the VCAA. We have now considered and opined regarding the statutory
amendments made by the VCAA for more than a year. This Court has a duty to make decisions
upon proceedings before the Court "as quickly as practicable," 38 U.S.C. § 7267(a). As we fulfill
that duty in this post-VCAA era, the Court should move toward dispositions of appeals in light of
the entire body of veterans law without an unnecessarily sharp focus on the effect of the VCAA.
       Viewing the VCAA in the context in which it was written and debated by Congress exposes
the limits of its scope. This Court's opinion in Morton v. West, 

(1999), spurred

                                                 9
Congress into action toward the eventual VCAA. See, e.g., 146 CONG . REC . S9211-12 (daily ed.
Sep. 25, 2000) (statements of Senators Specter and Rockefeller). The Morton decision included the
following text:
                  This Court and the Federal Circuit have interpreted 38 U.S.C. § 5107
                  as conditioning the Secretary's duty to "assist . . . in developing the
                  facts pertinent to the claim" upon the submission by the claimant of
                  [a] well-grounded claim. . . . [N]either the Secretary nor this Court
                  is free to ignore a condition precedent established by Congress.
                  Congress, of course, can choose to change or eliminate the well-
                  grounded requirement altogether. Indeed, it is possible that after
                  evaluating such considerations as fairness, equity, and the personnel,
                  facility, and financial expenditures which would be required,
                  Congress might well opt for requiring the Secretary to assist and
                  examine all veterans, regardless of whether well-grounded claims
                  have been submitted. But that balancing process is the responsibility
                  of the legislative branch, not this Court. It is our responsibility to
                  interpret existing law and to apply it to the record before us.
Morton, 12 Vet.App at 485-86. The VCAA expressly referenced "the Morton Case," and required
the Secretary to readjudicate claims that were denied or dismissed as not well grounded, when those
decisions had become final in the period between that date of the decision in Morton and the date
of enactment of the VCAA. See 38 U.S.C. § 5107 note (2000) (Effective and Applicability
Provisions).
        In the VCAA, Congress removed from section 5107 the previous requirement that claims
for veterans' benefits be well grounded. The effect of the removal was to trigger the Secretary's duty
to assist claimants at the time a claim is received, rather than at the time it is determined that a claim
is well grounded. Congress did not expand the substantive nature of the duty to assist, but simply
stepped up its chronological occurrence, and shifted the codification of that duty to a new section
5103A. See also 66 Fed. Reg. 45620, 45630-32 (2001) (to be codified at 38 C.F.R. § 3.159).
Section 5103A provides more detail of the Secretary's duty to assist than the prior codification, and
recognizes the limits of that duty as set forth in the case law of this Court. See 38 U.S.C. § 5103A(a)
(indicating Secretary's discretionary authority in performing the duty to assist); Gobber v. Derwinski,

, 472 (1992); Wood v. Derwinski, 

, 193 (1991); see also Duty to
Assist, Supplementary Information, 66 Fed. Reg. 45620, 45622-24 (2001).



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       The Court must recognize the limits of the duty to assist when deciding matters on appeal.
It is the duty of this Court to interpret "statutory[ ] and regulatory provisions, and determine the
meaning or applicability of the terms of an action of the Secretary." 38 U.S.C. § 7261(a)(1).
Determining whether an action of the Secretary, and of the Board, squares with the Court's
interpretation of the post-VCAA statutory and regulatory provisions is within the authority of the
Court. The Court has the power to, as the majority herein does, determine that the duties
pronounced by the VCAA are not applicable in certain cases. See Burris v. Principi, ___ Vet.App.
___, ___, No. 00-1770, slip op. at 9 (Dec. 17, 2001) (Farley, J., concurring).




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