UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR VETERANS CLAIMS


                                           NO . 01-0795

                               WALTER Y. SORAKUBO , APPELLANT ,

                                                 V.


                                    ANTHONY J. PRINCIPI,
                          SECRETARY OF VETERANS AFFAIRS, APPELLEE.


                         On Appeal from the Board of Veterans' Appeals


                                    (Decided May 17, 2002 )



       Stephen L. Purcell, of Disables American Veterans, was on the brief for the appellant.

        Tim S. McClain, General Counsel; R. Randall Campbell, Acting Assistant General Counsel;
Michael A. Leonard, Deputy Assistant General Counsel; and Glenn R. Bergmann were on the brief
for the appellee.

       Before FARLEY, HOLDAWAY, and IVERS, Judges.

       HOLDAWAY, Judge: The appellant, Walter Y. Sorakubo, appeals from a February 13,
2001, decision of the Board of Veterans' Appeals (Board) that found that a March 15, 1977, Board
decision that declined to reinstate a compensable rating for his service-connected sternum disability
was not the product of clear and unmistakable error (CUE). This appeal is timely, and the Court has
jurisdiction pursuant to 38 U.S.C. §§ 7252(a) and 7266(a). For the reasons that follow, the Court
will reverse and remand the decision of the Board.


                                       I. BACKGROUND
       The appellant served in the U.S. Army from March 1951 to December 1952, and from
August 1955 to August 1958. Medical records reflect that in June 1957, during the appellant's
second period of service, the appellant sustained a sternum fracture when a radar tower fell on him.
The appellant was diagnosed with a simple fracture located between the body of the sternum and the
sternum manubrium. An x-ray examination, administered during the appellant's initial hospital stay,
indicated a slight deformity at the junction of the manubrium and the body of the sternum. In July
1957, the appellant was discharged from the hospital, to light duty. A medical examination in July
1958 found no evidence of the previously reported fracture.
       VA examination documents report that in December 1958, the appellant began complaining
of chest pain and pain in his lower back. Upon examination of the chest, the examiner noted a bony
ridge, approximately 3 inches long horizontally, and 1½ inches wide vertically. The examiner noted
that the ridge apparently represented a "healed simple fracture." Record (R.) at 137. A December
1958 VA rating decision awarded service connection and a 10% rating for symptomatic residuals
of fracture of the sternum.
       Seventeen years later, in December 1, 1975, the appellant underwent a VA medical
examination, where the appellant complained that his chest bone was sore. The examination report
noted that aside from the appellant's complaints of pain in the sternum on abduction of the shoulders,
no adverse clinical findings were evident. The report also noted that an x-ray revealed an old, post-
traumatic deformity at the level of the sternozyphoid articulating area. R. at 151. The pertinent
diagnosis was fracture of the sternum.
       A January 1976 rating decision found that a compensable level of disability was not shown,
and reduced the appellant's rating for residuals of fracture of the sternum, from 10% to
noncompensable. The appellant filed a Notice of Disagreement (NOD) in which he stated that his
sternum was sensitive to touch. The VA regional office (VARO) issued a Statement of the Case
(SOC) that indicated that the January 1976 rating decision was based on a review of all the evidence
of record at the time, including the most recent VA examination, that of December 1975. The
VARO further explained that the rating schedule did not provide a compensable evaluation for
fracture of the sternum where the symptomatology was of a minimal degree, citing 38 C.F.R. 4.31;
Diagnostic Code (DC) 5299.
       A VA orthopedic examination was administered in July 1976. During the examination, the
appellant complained of pain in his breastbone. No adverse clinical finding with respect to the
sternum was noted. The examiner diagnosed a healed fracture of the sternum.




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        In March 1977, the Board issued a decision that reviewed the January 1976 VARO rating
decision. The Board characterized the issue relative to the sternum disability as "that of compensable
rating for residuals of fracture of the sternum." In its decision the Board noted that the medical
evidence indicated that the appellant's disability was essentially static, manifested by some
irregularity of the surface of the sternum. The Board also noted that the objective findings failed to
show a significant disability that would warrant a compensable rating. The appellant did not appeal
the Board decision and it became final.
        In October 2000, 23 years later, the appellant sought revision of the Board's March 1977
decision on the basis of CUE.
        The issue came before the Board on February 13, 2001. In its decision the Board determined
that the March 1977 Board decision was not the product of CUE. The Board noted that although the
record showed that the appellant's rating had been reduced and that the Board did not address 38
C.F.R. § 3.344 (1977) in its decision, a review of the record showed that the regulation did not apply
to the facts of the case.


                                           II. ANALYSIS
        In this case, the record shows that the medical evidence relied on by the Board on March 15,
1977, only indicated minimal symptomatology, much like the VA examination relied on by the
VARO in December 1958. In making its conclusion, however, the Board in February 2001
determined that the medical evidence relied on by the Board on March 15, 1977, was insufficient to
support a compensable rating. In essence, what the Board seems to have concluded, without exactly
saying so, is that the original 1958 rating that gave a compensable award was in error. However,
pursuant to 38 C.F.R. § 3.105(a) (2001), that rating cannot be changed without a finding that there
was evidence of CUE; no such determination was made here.
        "Previous [Board] determinations which are final and binding . . . will be accepted as correct
in the absence of [CUE]." 38 C.F.R. § 3.105(a). "[CUE] is a very specific and rare kind of error.
It is the kind of error, of fact or law, that when called to the attention of later reviewers compels the
conclusion, to which reasonable minds could not differ, that the result would have been manifestly




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different but for the error." 38 C.F.R. § 20.1403(a) (2001); see generally Disabled Am. Veterans v.
Gober, 

 (Fed. Cir. 2000), cert. denied, 

.
               In order to find CUE it must be determined (1) that either the facts known at
        the time were not before the adjudicator or the law then in effect was incorrectly
        applied, (2) that an error occurred based on the record and the law that existed at the
        time the decision was made, and (3) that, had the error not been made, the outcome
        would have been manifestly different.

Grover v. West, 

, 112 (1999) (citing Damrel v. Brown, 

, 245 (1994);
Russell v. Principi, 

, 313-314 (1992) (en banc)). In a CUE claim, "[t]he claimant,
in short, must assert more than a disagreement as to how the facts were weighed or evaluated."
Crippen v. Brown, 

, 418 (1996). Recently, the Court held that, as a matter of law,
the VCAA is inapplicable to CUE claims. See Livesay v. Principi, 

 (2001).
        The Court's review of a Board decision considering CUE in prior adjudications over which
the Court does not have jurisdiction is limited to whether the Board's decision was "arbitrary and
capricious, an abuse of discretion, or not in accordance with the law." See 38 U.S.C.§ 7261(a)(3)(A).
In addition, this Court must determine whether the decision is supported by an adequate statement
of reasons or bases. See Eddy v. Brown, 

, 57 (1996). The scope of review under the
"arbitrary and capricious" standard is narrow, and a court is not to substitute its judgment for that of
the agency. Baldwin v. West, 

, 5 (1999). If the Board articulates a satisfactory
explanation for its decision, "including a rational connection between the facts found and the choice
made, the Court must affirm." Jordan v. Brown, 

, 175 (1997).
        In this case, the appellant argues that the Board's February 2001 determination that the March
1977 Board decision was not the product of CUE is arbitrary, capricious, abuse of discretion, or
otherwise not in accordance with the law. Specifically, the appellant argues that the Board
committed CUE in March 1977 because it failed to adjudicate his claims under 38 C.F.R. § 3.344.
Pursuant to this regulation, the requirements for reducing a disability rating that has continued at the
same level for 5 years or more are more stringent than the requirements for periodically increasing
or decreasing a disability rating. See 38 C.F.R. § 3.344 (1977).
        Regulatory section 3.344 states:




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               (a) Examination reports indicating improvement. Rating agencies will handle
       cases affected by change of medical findings or diagnosis, so as to produce the
       greatest degree of stability of disability evaluations consistent with the laws and [VA]
       regulations governing disability compensation and pension. It is essential that the
       entire record of examinations and the medical-industrial history be reviewed to
       ascertain whether the recent examination is full and complete, including all special
       examinations indicated as a result of general examination and the entire case history.
       . . . Examinations less full and complete than those on which payments were
       authorized or continued will not be used as a basis of reduction. Ratings on account
       of diseases subject to temporary or episodic improvement . . . will not be reduced on
       any one examination, except in those instances where all the evidence of record
       clearly warrants the conclusion that sustained improvement has been demonstrated.
       . . . Moreover, though material improvement in the physical or mental condition is
       clearly reflected the rating agency will consider whether the evidence makes it
       reasonably certain that the improvement will be maintained under the ordinary
       conditions of life. . . . Rating boards encountering a change of diagnosis will exercise
       caution in the determination as to whether a change in diagnosis represents no more
       than a progression of an earlier diagnosis, an error in prior diagnosis or possibly a
       disease entity independent of the service-connected disability.

38 C.F.R. § 3.344 (a). Paragraph (c) of section 3.344 provides:
                 (c) Disabilities which are likely to improve. The provisions of paragraph[]
       (a). . . of this section apply to ratings which have continued for long periods at the
       same level (5 years or more). They do not apply to disabilities which have not
       become stabilized and are likely to improve. Reexaminations disclosing
       improvement, physical or mental, in these disabilities will warrant reduction in
       rating.
Id.
       In this case, both parties agree that the Board did not address 38 C.F.R. § 3.344. The
Secretary, however, argues that the Board was correct in not addressing the regulation because it
does not apply to the facts of the case. The Secretary's argument is without merit. In Brown v.
Brown, this Court held that when the issue is whether the VARO is justified in reducing a veteran's
protected rating, the Board is required to establish, by a preponderance of the evidence and in
compliance 38 C.F.R. § 3.344, that a rating reduction is warranted. 

, 421 (1993); see
also Kitchens v. Brown, 

, 325 (1995) (holding that when a VARO reduces a veteran's
disability rating without observing the applicable VA regulations, the reduction is void ab initio.)
In Ternus v. Brown, the Court noted that the Board is required to apply all relevant statutes and
regulations appropriate to the case before it. 

, 376 (1994). Furthermore, the Court

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held that the VARO's failure to apply the reduction regulation for total disability ratings assigned on
schedular bases was CUE. Id.; see Olson v. Brown, 

 (1993) (holding that Board's
determination that decision below that did not apply reduction regulation did not contain CUE was
arbitrary, capricious, an abuse of discretion or otherwise not in accordance with law). In this case,
the March 1977 Board decision in failing to address 38 C.F.R. § 3.344 abused its discretionary
authority. See Dofflemyer v. Derwinski, 

, 282 (1992). Accordingly, the Board's
February 2001 conclusion that the 1977 decision did not contain CUE is not in accordance with law
and must be reversed. 38 U.S.C. § 7261 (a)(3)(A).


                                        III. CONCLUSION
       Upon consideration of the record and pleadings filed for this appeal, and for the reasons
stated herein, the Court REVERSES the February 17, 2001, Board decision that found no CUE in
the March 17, 1977, Board decision and REMANDS the case to the Board to revise the 1977 Board
decision on the basis of CUE.




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