WALLACH, Judge:
Plaintiff Giorgio Foods, Inc. ("Giorgio" or "Plaintiff") filed a Second Motion for Leave to Amend the Complaint ("Plaintiff's Motion") seeking to amend its Complaint in five ways. First, in light of the Federal Circuit's decision in SKF USA, Inc. v. U.S. Customs and Border Prot., 556 F.3d 1337 (Fed.Cir.2009), cert. denied, ___ U.S. ___, 130 S.Ct. 3273, 176 L.Ed.2d 1182 (2010), Giorgio wishes to drop its First Amendment facial challenge to the petition support eligibility requirement of the Continued Dumping and Subsidy Offset Act, 19 U.S.C. § 1675(c) ("CDSOA") while maintaining its challenge to the requirement as applied to Giorgio. Memorandum of Law in Support of Plaintiff's Second Motion for Leave to Amend the Complaint ("Plaintiff's Memo") at 2-3. Second, Giorgio wishes to drop its Equal Protection facial challenge to the petition support eligibility requirement of the CDSOA while maintaining its challenge to the requirement as applied to Giorgio. Id. Third, Giorgio requests to add a claim "for statutory violations, claiming that the [U.S. International Trade Commission] and [U.S. Customs and Border Protection] acted inconsistently with the statute in ruling that Giorgio had not satisfied the statute's petition support requirement, and in otherwise denying CDSOA distributions to Giorgio." Id. Fourth, Giorgio also requests to add a claim, "in the alternative, for violation of the Due Process Clause." Id. at 3. Fifth, Giorgio seeks to clarify its requested relief "to state that it is specifically seeking money damages from the United States." Id. at 4. The court has jurisdiction over this matter pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1581(i).
For the reasons stated below, Giorgio's Motion is GRANTED in part and DENIED in part. As to its first and second requests, Plaintiff's Motion is GRANTED; as to its third, fourth, and fifth requests, Plaintiff's Motion is DENIED.
In order to qualify for distributions under the CDSOA,
In May 2003, Giorgio commenced this action to challenge its exclusion from the list of affected domestic producers compiled by the ITC and from the resulting distributions by U.S. Customs and Border Protection ("Customs") of funds under the CDSOA. Id. at 5-6. Giorgio then sought to amend its original complaint, abandoning its statutory claim that the ITC violated the CDSOA and adding an Equal Protection Clause constitutional claim as well as a claim for unjust enrichment. Giorgio Foods, Inc.'s Motion for Leave to Amend Complaint, Doc. No. 59 at 1.
Plaintiff now "seeks to amend and supplement its complaint to take into consideration (1) the Federal Circuit's decision in [SKF ], (2) the documents Giorgio obtained from the [ITC] after the Court granted Giorgio's Motion to Complete The Agency Record, and (3) new facts that have occurred since the acceptance by this Court of the First Amended Complaint in 2007." Plaintiff's Motion at 1 (internal citations omitted).
USCIT R. 15(a), which parallels Rule 15(a) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, governs amendments to a party's
The crux of Defendant Customs' opposition to Giorgio's first through fourth requests to amend is Custom's reading of the Federal Circuit's holding in SKF. See Defendant United States Customs and Border Protection's Response to Plaintiff's Second Motion to Amend the Complaint ("Customs' Response").
Giorgio's first and second requests to amend its complaint, abandoning its constitutional facial challenges to the CDSOA, are granted. Infra Part IV.A. All of Giorgio's remaining requests are denied. Infra Parts IV.B-D.
With regards to Giorgio's first and second requests, the court has previously encountered Defendant's arguments in a similar context;
Std. Furniture Mfg. Co., Inc. v. United States, Slip Op. 11-032, 2011 WL 1312487, at *3, 2011 Ct. Intl. Trade LEXIS 30, at *10-11 (CIT March 23, 2011) (granting Plaintiff's motions to amend) (citing Foman, 371 U.S. at 182, 83 S.Ct. 227 ("Of course, the grant or denial of an opportunity to amend is within the discretion of the District Court, but outright refusal to grant the leave without any justifying reason appearing for the denial is not an exercise of discretion; it is merely abuse of that discretion and inconsistent with the spirit of the Federal Rules.")).
Similarly here, neither Defendants nor Defendant-Intervenors posit that allowing
The court grants plaintiff's motion with regards to its first and second requests.
With regards to Giorgio's third request, Defendant ITC argues that
ITC's Opposition at 2. ITC states that it "is not arguing the meaning of the Federal Circuit's decision in [SKF] to establish the proper test of producer's petition support status under the statute nor does the Commission believe that the Court must resolve the issue at this time to deny Giorgio's motion to include the proposed statutory claim." Id. at 11 n. 3. Defendant-Intervenors agree that "Plaintiff's purported `new' claim is not premised on any facts or legal theories previously unknown to Plaintiff" and is in fact "identical to a claim that Plaintiff dismissed four years ago in order to allow the court to focus instead on what Plaintiff called `legitimate claims.'" Defendant-Intervenors' Response at 2 (emphasis in original).
Giorgio argues that its third proposed amendment is a new claim alleging that "(1) the Commission's eligibility determination for Giorgio, and (2) [Customs'] refusal to provide distributions to Giorgio, are inconsistent with the CDSOA's petition support requirement as now construed by the Federal Circuit in SKF." Plaintiff's Memo at 6. Giorgio further contends that "[t]his claim differs in both scope and substance from the statutory claim Giorgio had raised in its initial complaint but later
Giorgio's third request is denied. Giorgio's new claim is not substantively different from its previously abandoned claim; Giorgio's attempt to add a new claim is futile since Giorgio specifically opposed the antidumping petition with respect to India, Plaintiff's Proposed First Amended Complaint at 8, and is therefore precluded from asserting a CDSOA violation claim after SKF. See SKF, 556 F.3d at 1359 (stating it was "thus rational for Congress to conclude that those who did not support the petition should not be rewarded"); Candle Corp. of Am. v. United States, 374 F.3d 1087, 1094 (Fed.Cir.2004) ("The purpose of the statute is quite clear—to bar opposers of antidumping investigations from securing payments either directly or through the acquisition of supporting parties").
Giorgio "also seeks to add substantive and procedural due process claims," Plaintiff's Memo at 9, arguing that "[p]rocedurally... as the CDSOA provided Giorgio no notice of or opportunity for any proceeding in which it could demonstrate the actions it took in support of the petition, [Giorgio] is entitled to a trial de novo on such issues before this Court, which it seeks not only under its Claims One and Two but also under Claim Three," id. at 10.
Defendant argues that "Giorgio fails to allege facts that would state a claim for a due process violation." Customs' Response at 11. Because Defendant asserts that the CDSOA "actually precludes Giorgio from receiving CDSOA distributions," Defendant argues Giorgio is unable to assert a "legitimate claim of entitlement," necessary to make a claim upon which relief can be granted and therefore should be rejected for futility. Id. (internal citations omitted) (emphasis in original).
In granting Giorgio's first and second requests, see supra Parts IV.A and IV.B, the court has already rejected Defendant's argument that the CDSOA definitively "precludes Giorgio from receiving
Giorgio argues that it should be allowed "to expand and clarify its request for relief, including by expressly requesting an award of money damages against the United States." Plaintiff's Memo at 12. Giorgio asserts any objection would be "frivolous," because "every final judgment of this Court `should grant the relief to which each party is entitled, even if the party has not demanded that relief in its pleading,'" id. at 13 (citing USCIT R. 54(c)), and because 28 U.S.C. § 2643 "authorizes entry of a money judgment against the United States `in any civil action commenced under section 1581 or 1582 of this title,'" id. (citing 28 U.S.C. § 2643(a)(1)). Giorgio argues that Defendants ignore the latter provision when asserting that the Administrative Procedures Act ("APA"), the applicable statute when jurisdiction is derived from 28 U.S.C. § 1581(i), see 28 U.S.C. § 2640(e), prevents money damages from being awarded due to the APA's limited sovereign immunity provision. Plaintiff's Memo at 13.
Customs argues that "[c]ontrary to Giorgio's assertions, the Court of International Trade is not permitted to issue money judgments in section 1581(i) cases." Customs' Response at 12. In support of its position, Customs cites Wopsock v. Natchees, 454 F.3d 1327, 1333 (Fed.Cir.2006) ("The APA does not authorize an award of money damages at all; to the contrary, section 10(a) of the APA, 5 U.S.C. § 702, specifically limits the Act to actions `seeking relief other than money damages.'"),
Giorgio incorrectly conflates the terms of the relief requested. The Supreme Court, when discussing section 702 of the APA, noted
Bowen v. Massachusetts, 487 U.S. 879, 893-894, 108 S.Ct. 2722, 101 L.Ed.2d 749 (1988) (internal quotes, citations, and original emphasis omitted). The situation described by the Bowen Court is similar to the one here. Giorgio requests the following relief in its Proposed Second Amended Complaint:
Because Giorgio is not seeking monetary damages, only monetary compensation which has been articulated in its Plaintiff's Proposed First Amended Complaint,
For the reasons above, Giorgio's Motion is GRANTED in part and DENIED in
This opinion is consistent with Furniture Brands Int'l; in Furniture Brands Int'l, the plaintiff opposed the antidumping investigation, much the same way Plaintiff in this case opposed the antidumping investigation concerning certain preserved mushrooms from India. Compare Furniture Brands Int'l, 2011 WL 5022917 at *1, 2011 Ct. Int'l Trade LEXIS 131 at *1, ("During proceedings before the ITC to determine whether such imports were causing or threatening to cause material injury to the domestic industry, Furniture Brands responded to the ITC's questionnaires, opposing the issuance of the antidumping order.") with Plaintiff's Proposed First Amended Complaint at 8 (Plaintiff "indicated that it (1) took no position with respect to the petition filed against preserved mushrooms from Chile, China, and Indonesia, and (2) opposed the petition with respect to India."); see supra 1322 n. 11. Furniture Brands Int'l did not address the situation before the court presently, i.e. when Plaintiff takes no position with regards to the filing of a petition and allegedly supports the petition in other ways.