OPINION

RIDGWAY, Judge:

In this consolidated action, the U.S. Department of Commerce's Final Results in the first administrative review of the antidumping duty order on small diameter graphite electrodes from the People's Republic of China are under assault from both directions. See generally Small Diameter Graphite Electrodes from the People's Republic of China: Final Results of the First Administrative Review of the Antidumping Duty Order and Final Rescission of the Administrative Review, in Part, 76 Fed.Reg. 56,397 (Sept. 13, 2011) ("Final Results").1

Two domestic producers of electrodes— SGL Carbon LLC and Superior Graphite Co. ("Domestic Producers")—commenced Court No. 11-00389, asserting that the Final Results understate the extent of the dumping by Fushun Jinly Petrochemical Carbon Co., Ltd. ("Fushun Jinly") and the "Fangda Group" companies (including Beijing Fangda Carbon Tech Co., Ltd., Fushun Carbon Co., Ltd., Fangda Carbon New Material Co., Ltd., Chengdu Rongguang Carbon Co., Ltd., and Hefei Carbon Co., Ltd.), among others. On the other side, Fushun Jinly and the Fangda Group brought Court No. 11-00407, challenging the dumping margins reflected in the Final Results as overstated.

Pending before Commerce at the time the Domestic Producers commenced their action were comments from Fushun Jinly, the Fangda Group, and Xinghe County Muzi Carbon Co., Ltd. ("Muzi")2 requesting that the agency correct certain alleged "ministerial errors" in the Final Results. The Government sought leave of the Court to permit Commerce to correct some of those alleged ministerial errors—a motion that was opposed by the Domestic Producers, and denied in a brief order stating no reasons for the decision. See Order (Oct. 26, 2011). Thereafter, Fushun Jinly and the Fangda Group intervened in the Domestic Producers' action, and the case was assigned to these chambers. In addition, as noted above, Fushun Jinly and the Fangda Group initiated their own action (Court No. 11-00407), which was then consolidated with the Domestic Producers' action.

Now before the Court is a Motion for Reconsideration filed by Fushun Jinly and the Fangda Group, neither of which were parties to the Domestic Producers' action at the time the Government's original motion for leave to correct ministerial errors was denied. See Defendant Intervenors' Motion for Reconsideration of the Court's Order Dated October 26, 2011 Denying Defendant's Motion for Leave to Publish Amended Final Results Correcting Ministerial Errors ("Def.-Ints.' Motion for Reconsideration").

The Government supports the Motion for Reconsideration, and, indeed, renews its own motion seeking leave to publish amended final results correcting the specified alleged ministerial errors. See Defendant's Response to Defendant-Intervenors' Motion for Reconsideration at 12 ("Def.'s Renewed Motion for Correction of Ministerial Errors"). In contrast, the Domestic Producers oppose the Motion for Reconsideration, asserting that Commerce should not now be permitted to make the corrections. See Plaintiffs' Opposition to Defendant-Intervenors' Motion for Reconsideration of the Court's Order Denying Defendant Leave to Publish Amended Final Results Correcting a Ministerial Error ("Pls.' Opposition to Motion for Reconsideration").

For the reasons outlined below, the Motion for Reconsideration must be granted, and Commerce permitted to publish amended final results correcting the specified ministerial errors.

I. Background

Commerce's correction of ministerial errors in agency determinations is expressly authorized both by statute and by regulation. See generally 19 U.S.C. § 1675(h) (2006); 19 C.F.R. § 351.224 (2008).3 The legislative history underscores the raison d'etre for the ministerial errors statute and regulation, emphasizing Congress' desire to have Commerce correct such errors in order to preempt needless litigation and thereby promote judicial economy:

H.R.Rep. No. 100-40, Pt. 1, at 144 (1987) (emphasis added); see generally NTN Bearing Corp. v. United States, 74 F.3d 1204, 1207 (Fed.Cir.1995) (discussing legislative history of statutory provision concerning correction of ministerial errors).

To that end, Congress directed Commerce to establish procedures for the agency's correction of "ministerial errors" in final determinations "within a reasonable time after the determinations are issued." See 19 U.S.C. § 1675(h). As defined by statute, "ministerial errors" include "errors in addition, subtraction, or other arithmetic function, clerical errors resulting from inaccurate copying, duplication, or the like, and any other type of unintentional error which [Commerce] considers ministerial." See id.; see also 19 C.F.R. § 351.224(f) (defining "ministerial error" in language virtually identical to that of the statute).

The statute requires that Commerce "ensure opportunity for interested parties to present their views regarding any such [ministerial] errors." See 19 U.S.C. § 1675(h). Commerce's regulation thus provides, in sum and substance, that, in cases such as this, any allegations of ministerial errors in a final determination are to be filed with Commerce within five days after the agency discloses the calculations underpinning the agency's determination, and that "[r]eplies to comments . . . must be filed within five days after the date on which the comments were filed." See 19 C.F.R. §§ 351.224(b), 351.224(c)(1)-(3). The regulation further provides that Commerce "will analyze any comments received and, if appropriate, . . . correct any ministerial error by amending . . . the final results of review." See 19 C.F.R. § 351.224(e).

The Final Results at issue here were published in the Federal Register on September 13, 2011. See Small Diameter Graphite Electrodes from the People's Republic of China: Final Results of the First Administrative Review of the Antidumping Duty Order and Final Rescission of the Administrative Review, in Part, 76 Fed. Reg. 56,397 (Sept. 13, 2011) ("Final Results"). Thereafter, Fushun Jinly, the Fangda Group, and Muzi each submitted timely comments to Commerce alleging various ministerial errors in the Final Results. See Letter from Fushun Jinly to Commerce (Sept. 19, 2011); Letter from Fangda Group to Commerce (Sept. 19, 2011); Letter from Muzi to Commerce (Sept. 19, 2011). Four days later, the Domestic Producers submitted comments to Commerce objecting to correction of some of the alleged errors. See Letter from Domestic Producers to Commerce (Sept. 23, 2011).

Before Commerce could publish amended Final Results addressing the alleged ministerial errors, the Domestic Producers filed their summons and complaint challenging the Final Results. See Domestic Producers' Summons (Sept. 28, 2011); Domestic Producers' Complaint (Sept. 28, 2011).4 The commencement of the Domestic Producers' action vested the court with jurisdiction over the administrative proceeding in this case, precluding Commerce from correcting any ministerial errors absent leave of court. See Zenith Elecs. Corp. v. United States, 884 F.2d 556, 560-62 (Fed.Cir.1989) (explaining that "once [the Court of International Trade's] exclusive jurisdiction has been invoked, Commerce may correct clerical errors [in an agency determination] only with the court's prior authorization").

Accordingly, on October 6, 2011, the Government filed a Motion for Correction of Ministerial Errors. See Defendant's Motion for Leave to Publish Amended Final Results Correcting A Ministerial Error ("Def.'s Motion for Correction of Ministerial Errors"). In its motion, the Government stated that Commerce had reviewed the allegations of ministerial error, as well as the Domestic Producers' comments thereon, and that the agency had determined that the Final Results should be amended to correct certain of the alleged errors in accordance with the "ministerial errors" statute and regulation. See id. at 2.

Specifically, the Government's Motion for Correction of Ministerial Errors explained that Commerce intended to correct two of the three errors alleged by Fushun Jinly—(1) the unintentional miscalculation of Fushun Jinly's selling, general, and administrative ("SG & A") ratio, and (2) the unintentional miscalculation of Fushun Jinly's profit ratio. See Def.'s Motion for Correction of Ministerial Errors at 2.5 Similarly, the Government's motion explained that, of the three errors alleged by the Fangda Group, Commerce intended to correct one—the inadvertent application of a freight surrogate value measured in metric tons to the Fangda Group's packing factors of production (which were measured in kilograms). See id.6 In addition, the Government's motion explained that Commerce intended to correct the spelling of Muzi's company name in the margin chart in the Final Results. See id. The Government's motion noted that the specified corrections would affect the margin calculations for Fushun Jinly and the Fangda Group. See id. The Government further noted that the corrections would also affect the rate for Muzi (the non-selected separate rate respondent), because Muzi's rate is based on the weighted-average of the rates of the respondents that were selected for individual examination (i.e., Fushun Jinly and the Fangda Group). See id.

In the Domestic Producers' September 23, 2011 comments submitted to Commerce concerning the allegations of ministerial error filed by Fushun Jinly and the Fangda Group, the Domestic Producers had opposed only one of the four corrections that Commerce ultimately proposed to make. See Letter from Domestic Producers to Commerce (Sept. 23, 2011) (expressing no objection to correction of Fushun Jinly's SG & A and profit ratios, and expressing no objection to correction of the spelling of Muzi's company name; objecting to correction of Fangda Group's freight surrogate value (where Commerce applied a freight surrogate value measured in metric tons to packing factors of production which were measured in kilograms)). But the Domestic Producers took a very different tack when the Government sought leave of court to allow Commerce to make certain proposed corrections. In response to the Government's motion, the Domestic Producers objected broadly to Commerce's correction of any ministerial errors, asserting that the motion should be denied outright. See Plaintiffs' Opposition to Defendant's Motion for Leave to Publish Amended Final Results Correcting a Ministerial Error at 7 (Oct. 25, 2011) ("Pls.' Opposition to Def.'s Motion for Correction of Ministerial Errors") (urging the court to "deny the Defendant's Motion . . . in its entirety").7

Because Fushun Jinly and the Fangda Group had not yet intervened in the Domestic Producers' action, the court did not have the benefit of their views in ruling on the Government's original Motion for Correction of Ministerial Errors. Nor did the court have before it the comments that Fushun Jinly and the Fangda Group had filed with Commerce alleging ministerial error and the Domestic Producers' response thereto, which would have made it clear to the court that the Domestic Producers had not previously objected to three of the four ministerial errors that were the subject of the Government's motion—a critical fact that the Domestic Producers failed to disclose.8

In an order of one-and-one-half pages, entered before the case was assigned to a judge, the Government's Motion for Correction of Ministerial Errors was denied. See Order (Oct. 26, 2011). The order stated no reasons for the decision, and, in particular, did not address either the underlying purpose of the statutory and regulatory framework specifically designed to permit Commerce's correction of ministerial errors (and thus streamline judicial review) or the substantial body of case law interpreting and applying the ministerial errors statute and the regulation. See id. Nor did the order address the fact that the Domestic Producers' comments to Commerce had made no objection to three of the four corrections that Commerce proposed to make. See id.

In early November 2011, Fushun Jinly and the Fangda Group were granted leave to intervene in the Domestic Producers' action, and, thereafter, the case was assigned to these chambers. In the meantime, Fushun Jinly and the Fangda Group initiated their own action (Court No. 11-00407), including in their complaint as causes of action all six of the issues raised in the allegations of ministerial error that they filed with Commerce immediately following publication of the Final Results. See Fushun Jinly/Fangda Group Complaint (Nov. 9, 2011), Counts 1-5. The action commenced by Fushun Jinly and the Fangda Group was subsequently consolidated with the Domestic Producers' action. See Order (Dec. 2, 2011).

Fushun Jinly and the Fangda Group now seek reconsideration of the October 26, 2011 order denying the Government's original Motion for Correction of Ministerial Errors. See Defendant Intervenors' Motion for Reconsideration of the Court's Order Dated October 26, 2011 Denying Defendant's Motion for Leave to Publish Amended Final Results Correcting Ministerial Errors ("Def.-Ints.' Motion for Reconsideration"). The Government supports the Motion for Reconsideration, and takes the occasion to renew its own original Motion. See Defendant's Response to Defendant-Intervenors' Motion for Reconsideration at 12 ("Def.'s Renewed Motion for Correction of Ministerial Errors") (requesting that Court "treat [the Government's response to the Motion for Reconsideration] as a renewed motion [for leave to correct ministerial errors] . . . if appropriate"). The Domestic Producers argue that the Motion for Reconsideration should be denied. See Plaintiffs' Opposition to Defendant-Intervenors' Motion for Reconsideration of the Court's Order Denying Defendant Leave to Publish Amended Final Results Correcting a Ministerial Error ("Pls.' Opposition to Motion for Reconsideration").

II. Analysis

As outlined in greater detail below, notwithstanding the Domestic Producers' claims to the contrary, the four errors that Commerce here proposes to correct in amended final results are all clearly "ministerial." Further, where errors in final results are determined to be "ministerial" in nature, courts typically grant Commerce leave to publish amended final results correcting the errors, unless such action would result in prejudice or fundamental unfairness to a party. In the case at bar, the Domestic Producers cannot make such a showing.

As discussed below, permitting Commerce to publish amended final results correcting the ministerial errors at issue will not result in any cognizable prejudice or fundamental unfairness to the Domestic Producers. Indeed, permitting Commerce to publish amended final results will prevent the perpetuation of prejudice and unfairness to the Chinese producers/exporters, and, moreover, will promote judicial economy, will conserve the resources of the parties and the Court, and will ensure that the agency determination that is subject to judicial review in this proceeding is that which Commerce intended, and thus will be consonant with Congress' express intent as reflected in the statutory provision governing the correction of ministerial errors.

For all these reasons, the Motion for Reconsideration filed by Fushun Jinly and the Fangda Group, as well as the Government's Renewed Motion for Correction of Ministerial Errors, must be granted, and Commerce must be granted leave to publish amended final results correcting the four ministerial errors at issue.

A. The "Ministerial" Nature of the Errors

As a threshold matter, the Domestic Producers' Opposition to the Motion for Reconsideration argues that the Government's original Motion for Correction of Ministerial Errors "failed to provide clear guidance on how [Commerce] intended to address" the ministerial errors that Commerce proposes to correct. See generally Pls.' Opposition to Motion for Reconsideration at 4-5.9 The Domestic Producers now contend that they therefore cannot ascertain whether the errors at issue are in fact "actually ministerial, rather than substantive." See id. at 4; see generally id. at 3-5.10

The Domestic Producers' argument has a very hollow ring. The comments that the Domestic Producers filed with Commerce concerning the Chinese producers/exporters' allegations of ministerial error expressed no such concern as to any of the alleged errors. See Letter from Domestic Producers to Commerce (Sept. 23, 2011). To the contrary, the Domestic Producers' comments to Commerce addressed the allegations of ministerial error squarely on the merits. See id. As such, the Domestic Producers obviously found the descriptions of the alleged errors that Fushun Jinly, the Fangda Group, and Muzi provided to be "detailed enough to provide substantive comments in response." See Def.'s Renewed Motion for Correction of Ministerial Errors at 11; see also Letter from Fushun Jinly to Commerce (Sept. 19, 2011); Letter from Fangda Group to Commerce (Sept. 19, 2011); Letter from Muzi to Commerce (Sept. 19, 2011).11 The Domestic Producers' argument thus cannot carry the day.

Commerce is entitled to "substantial discretion in determining what types of unintentional or inadvertent errors qualify. . . [as] `ministerial.'" See Kaiyuan Group Corp. v. United States, 28 CIT 698, 723, 343 F.Supp.2d 1289, 1312 (2004) (citing Shandong Huarong Gen. Corp. v. United States, 25 CIT 834, 847-48, 159 F.Supp.2d 714, 727-28 (2001), aff'd, 60 Fed.Appx. 797 (Fed.Cir.2003); CEMEX, S.A. v. United States, 19 CIT 587, 593, 1995 WL 251561 (1995), aff'd, 133 F.3d 897 (Fed.Cir.1998)). Close analysis of the record discloses nothing to cast doubt on Commerce's determination here, rendered in the exercise of that "substantial discretion."

As noted in section I above, the Government's original Motion for Correction of Ministerial Errors explained that Commerce proposes to correct (1) the unintentional miscalculation of Fushun Jinly's selling, general, and administrative ("SG & A") ratio; (2) the unintentional miscalculation of Fushun Jinly's profit ratio; (3) the inadvertent application of a freight surrogate value measured in metric tons to the Fangda Group's packing factors of production (which were measured in kilograms); and (4) the misspelling of Muzi's company name in the margin chart in the Final Results. See Def.'s Motion for Correction of Ministerial Errors at 2. It is clear beyond cavil that these errors fall within the statutory and regulatory definition of "ministerial" errors, because they constitute "errors in addition, subtraction, or other arithmetic function, clerical errors resulting from inaccurate copying, duplication, or the like, and any other type of unintentional error which [Commerce] considers ministerial." See 19 U.S.C. § 1675(h); 19 C.F.R. § 351.224(f).

As the Court of Appeals has explained, ministerial errors "are by their nature not errors in judgment but merely inadvertencies." See NTN Bearing Corp., 74 F.3d at 1208. Errors within the scope of the statute and regulation thus include "errors mechanical in nature, . . . and not involving an error of substantive judgment" or "mindless and mechanistic mistakes [and] minor shifting of facts." Shinhan Diamond Indus. Co. v. United States, 34 CIT ___, ___, 2010 WL 850169 at *4 (2010).

In particular, ministerial errors include those that merely require Commerce to "mathematically adjust a particular rate." See Mazak Corp. v. United States, 33 CIT ___, ___, 659 F.Supp.2d 1352, 1362 (2009). Ministerial errors also include calculations involving "quantity and value variables that were stated in inconsistent units of measure." See Hyundai Elecs. Industries Co. v. United States, 29 CIT 981, 992, 395 F.Supp.2d 1231, 1243 (2005); see also Aramide Maatschappij V.o.F. v. United States, 19 CIT 1094, 1102, 901 F.Supp. 353, 361 (1995) (holding that Commerce made "ministerial" error when agency failed to convert German marks and Japanese yen into Dutch guilders in Dutch-guilder denominated calculation); Federal-Mogul Corp. v. United States, 16 CIT 975, 978-79, 809 F.Supp. 105, 109-10 (1992) (holding that Commerce's failures to convert certain data from yen to dollars constituted "ministerial" errors).

In the case at bar, Commerce acknowledges that it made an unintentional arithmetic error in calculating the SG & A and profit ratios for Fushun Jinly. See Def.'s Motion for Correction of Ministerial Errors at 2; Def.'s Renewed Motion for Correction of Ministerial Errors at 3, 6, 8. Commerce further admits that it made an inadvertent error in its freight surrogate value calculation for the Fangda Group, because it mistakenly performed packing material freight cost calculations on a metric ton basis even though the Fangda Group reported its packing factors of production in units of kilograms. See Def.'s Motion for Correction of Ministerial Errors at 2; Def.'s Renewed Motion for Correction of Ministerial Errors at 3, 6, 8. In addition, Commerce concedes that it misspelled Muzi's corporate name in its Final Results. See Def.'s Motion for Correction of Ministerial Errors at 2; Def.'s Renewed Motion for Correction of Ministerial Errors at 3, 6, 8.

In taking the actions outlined above, Commerce simply "`made . . . error[s], not resulting from ill-considered judgment or wayward discretion, but from oversight.'" See Geneva Steel v. United States, 20 CIT 7, 60, 914 F.Supp. 563, 608 (1996) (citation omitted). The errors at issue are therefore purely "ministerial."

B. The Domestic Producers' Allegations of Potential Prejudice

Where errors in final results are determined to be "ministerial" in nature, the statutory and regulatory framework expressly contemplates Commerce's correction of those errors through administrative process, rather than through the process of judicial review. See generally 19 U.S.C. § 1675(h); 19 C.F.R. § 351.224(c)-(g). Where—as here—a court is already seized with jurisdiction, the appropriate course generally is to grant the agency leave to publish amended final results correcting the ministerial errors. See generally American Signature, Inc. v. United States, 598 F.3d 816, 825 (Fed.Cir.2010) (acknowledging that "[t]he Court of International Trade has routinely exercised jurisdiction. . . to consider . . . requests to correct ministerial errors in assessment rates").

The sole exception to this general rule may be where the publication of amended final results would result in prejudice or fundamental unfairness to a party. See generally Shinhan Diamond, 34 CIT at ___, 2010 WL 850169 at *4; Diamond Sawblades Mfgrs. Coalition v. United States, 34 CIT ___, ___, 2010 WL 850158 at *4 (2010); NTN Corp. v. United States, 32 CIT ___, ___, 587 F.Supp.2d 1313, 1316 (2008). The burden of demonstrating prejudice or fundamental unfairness lies with the party opposing the correction of ministerial errors. See generally Shinhan Diamond, 34 CIT at ___, 2010 WL 850169 at *5; Diamond Sawblades, 34 CIT at ___, 2010 WL 850158 at *5.

The Domestic Producers can make no such showing in this case. As detailed below, there is no merit to the Domestic Producers' reliance on the doctrine of exhaustion of administrative remedies. The Domestic Producers' criticism of Commerce's policy of issuing liquidation instructions within 15 days after publication of the final results also does not advance their case. And the Domestic Producers fail to explain why publication of amended final results in this case, together with the resulting amendments (if any) to their complaint, will consume time significantly in excess of that contemplated by Congress when it enacted the statutory provision authorizing Commerce's administrative correction of ministerial errors such as those at issue here.

Even more fundamentally, the Domestic Producers were afforded the opportunity to comment on all allegations of ministerial error that were submitted by the Chinese producers/exporters and considered by Commerce, in accordance with the statute and regulations—an opportunity that the Domestic Producers took. See Letter from Domestic Producers to Commerce (Sept. 23, 2011). Further, the Domestic Producers will have the right to review the amended final results, as corrected, and to file an amended complaint, should they so choose. See, e.g., Diamond Sawblades, 34 CIT at ___, 2010 WL 850158 at *7 (expressly granting plaintiff leave to file amended summons and amended complaint); NTN Corp., 32 CIT at ___, ___, 587 F.Supp.2d at 1316-17, 1319 (rejecting claim that allowing Commerce to correct ministerial error will be procedurally unfair, noting that plaintiffs "may contest the amended final determination . . . and thereby raise any new issues related to [Commerce's] new calculation"; expressly granting plaintiffs leave to file amended summons and amended complaint); see also Federal-Mogul Corp., 16 CIT at 982, 809 F.Supp. at 112 (explaining that "[a]llowing all parties . . . freedom to file amended pleadings to take into account any changes made in the Final Results will prevent prejudice to any party").

Under these circumstances, granting Commerce leave to publish amended final results correcting the ministerial errors at issue plainly will not harm the Domestic Producers.

1. The Domestic Producers' Interest in "Finality"

The Domestic Producers assert broadly that permitting Commerce to make the proposed corrections and publish amended final results will infringe upon the Domestic Producers' "strong interest in the finality of [Commerce's] results for purposes of challenging such results on appeal." See Pls.' Opposition to Motion for Reconsideration at 7. Specifically, the Domestic Producers argue that Fushun Jinly and the Fangda Group failed to exhaust their administrative remedies, because—according to the Domestic Producers—the ministerial errors at issue here could have been raised in the case briefs that Fushun Jinly and the Fangda Group filed with Commerce following issuance of the Preliminary Results, but were not. See id.12

This is a classic case of the proverbial "pot calling the kettle black." In the September 23, 2011 comments that the Domestic Producers filed with Commerce concerning the Chinese producers/exporters' allegations of ministerial error, the Domestic Producers argued "exhaustion" as to only one of the four ministerial errors that Commerce here seeks to correct— specifically, the Fangda Group's allegation that Commerce inadvertently performed certain cost calculations on a metric ton basis even though the Fangda Group reported its packing factors of production in units of kilograms. See Letter from Domestic Producers to Commerce (Sept. 23, 2011) at 2-3 (asserting that "[e]ven though the same issue[] existed with the preliminary results, the Fangda Group remained silent on the[] issue[] in [its] case brief").

The Domestic Producers plainly did not raise an "exhaustion" objection—or, for that matter, any other objection—as to the allegations that Commerce unintentionally miscalculated Fushun Jinly's SG & A and profit ratios. See Letter from Domestic Producers to Commerce (Sept. 23, 2011) at 3-4 (as to Fushun Jinly's ministerial error allegations, challenging only the allegation that Commerce's application of partial adverse facts available to Toller # 2 (Liaoning Fuan) was based on a misidentification of that toller). Similarly, the Domestic Producers raised no objection at all to Muzi's allegation that Commerce misspelled the company's name in the margin chart in the Final Results. See Letter from Domestic Producers to Commerce (Sept. 23, 2011) (silent as to Muzi's allegation of ministerial error). The Domestic Producers do not even acknowledge that their comments filed with Commerce argued "exhaustion" as to only one of the four ministerial errors at issue, much less cite any grounds (and supporting authority) for allowing them to belatedly raise that objection as to other ministerial errors that Commerce here seeks to correct. Certainly the Domestic Producers provide no citations to the record in an effort to support their claim that other ministerial errors at issue could and should have been identified and corrected before the Final Results.

There is therefore no need to further consider the Domestic Producers' "exhaustion" argument, except as to the Fangda Group's allegation that Commerce inadvertently performed packing material freight cost calculations on a metric ton basis, rather than a per kilogram basis.13 As to that allegation, the Court of Appeals has squarely held that, a party's failure to exhaust its administrative remedies notwithstanding, Commerce "has discretion to fix . . . [a `late-identified' ministerial] error," although it is not required to do so. See Dorbest Ltd. v. United States, 604 F.3d 1363, 1376-77 (Fed.Cir.2010).14 The Dorbest line of authority alone suffices to dispose of what remains of the Domestic Producers' "exhaustion" argument. But that argument fails for other reasons as well.

Thus, for example, the Court of Appeals has held that where—as here—a case must be remanded for other reasons (in this case, for the agency's correction of three other ministerial errors), it is not improper to also permit Commerce to correct a ministerial error that might have been raised earlier in the course of the administrative proceeding. See CEMEX, 133 F.3d at 904; NTN Bearing Corp., 74 F.3d at 1208 (stating that it is particularly appropriate to permit Commerce to correct clerical errors where court is already remanding for other reasons); see also Federal-Mogul Corp. v. United States, 18 CIT 1168, 1172-74, 872 F.Supp. 1011, 1014-16 (1994) (same).

Finally, the Court of Appeals has emphasized that, ultimately, the decision as to whether to require "exhaustion" in a situation such as this is a matter committed to the sound discretion of the court, because Congress did not "require" exhaustion in these circumstances. See CEMEX, 133 F.3d at 905 (explaining that "the remand for correction of the error was not improper merely because the [party advocating for correction of the error] did not exhaust its administrative remedies"; emphasizing that Congress has not required exhaustion, such that whether to require exhaustion is entrusted to the trial court's discretion).

For all these reasons, there is no merit to the Domestic Producers' broadbrush objections invoking the doctrine of exhaustion of administrative remedies. Even with respect to the one ministerial error at issue as to which the Domestic Producers timely preserved their objection, the doctrine of exhaustion does not bar the relief that the Government and the Chinese producers/exporters seek, particularly given the facts of this case.

2. The Domestic Producers' Concerns About Delay

The Domestic Producers' remaining assertions of possible harm are variations on the theme of potential delay. These claims are equally unavailing.

The Domestic Producers argue at some length, for example, that Commerce "could have and should have made the proposed corrections in a timely fashion," and that Commerce should not "be permitted to issue amended final results belatedly." See Pls.' Opposition to Motion for Reconsideration at 5-6 (emphases added). The Domestic Producers thus intimate that the timing of Commerce's actions in this case somehow violated the ministerial errors statute or regulation. But any such implication would be false. The actions of Commerce, Fushun Jinly, and the Fangda Group complied fully with the statute and regulation, in every respect. See generally Def.-Ints.' Motion for Reconsideration at 7, 12 (detailing the "scrupulous[]" adherence in this case to the procedure and timetable set forth in the ministerial errors regulation).

As detailed above, Fushun Jinly, the Fangda Group, and Muzi each submitted timely comments to Commerce alleging various ministerial errors in the Final Results. See Letter from Fushun Jinly to Commerce (Sept. 19, 2011); Letter from Fangda Group to Commerce (Sept. 19, 2011); Letter from Muzi to Commerce (Sept. 19, 2011). Four days later, the Domestic Producers submitted comments to Commerce objecting to correction of some of the alleged errors. See Letter from Domestic Producers to Commerce (Sept. 23, 2011). Commerce was prevented from publishing amended final results correcting the ministerial errors at issue only by the filing of the Domestic Producers' lawsuit. See Domestic Producers' Summons (Sept. 28, 2011); Domestic Producers' Complaint (Sept. 28, 2011). Commerce then promptly sought leave of court to correct certain of the ministerial errors and publish amended final results, as the agency has routinely done in other cases in the past. See, e.g., American Signature, 598 F.3d at 820 (explaining that, after court actions were commenced challenging Final Results, "Commerce twice sought and received leave of the Court of International Trade to amend the Final Results to correct ministerial errors," leading to issuance of Second Amended Final Results).

Contrary to the Domestic Producers' suggestion, nothing about the procedure that Commerce followed in this case was in any way the least bit out of the ordinary. Consistent with Congress' intent, the statute and regulations clearly contemplate authorizing Commerce to correct the ministerial errors and publish amended final results in the circumstances of this case. See generally 19 U.S.C. § 1675(h); 19 C.F.R. § 351.224.

The real target of the Domestic Producers' ire is Commerce's policy of issuing liquidation instructions to Customs within 15 days after publication of the final results of administrative reviews, which generally makes it necessary for parties to file summonses and complaints and seek preliminary injunctions enjoining the liquidation of entries shortly after final results are published. See Pls.' Opposition to Motion for Reconsideration at 5-6. According to the Domestic Producers, "[b]ecause [Commerce's] own policy requires action of the parties that divests [the agency] of jurisdiction over the case only 15 days after publication of final results, [Commerce] should be prepared to correct any alleged ministerial errors in the final results" within the same 15-day timeframe. See Pls.' Opposition to Motion for Reconsideration at 5.

Distilled to its essence, the Domestic Producers' argument is thus a collateral attack on Commerce's standard 15-day policy. The Domestic Producers emphasize that the 15-day policy came under criticism in NTN. See Pls.' Opposition to Motion for Reconsideration at 5-6 (discussing NTN Corp., 32 CIT at ___, 587 F.Supp.2d at 1318). But the Domestic Producers concede, as they must, that— notwithstanding the language in the NTN decision discussing the effects of the 15-day policy—the NTN court granted Commerce's motion for leave to publish amended final results correcting ministerial errors in that case. The Domestic Producers point to nothing that might counsel a different outcome here.

Moreover, the Domestic Producers' argument takes no account of the fact that the true parties in interest here are Fushun Jinly, the Fangda Group, and Muzi. See Def.-Ints.' Motion for Reconsideration at 12 (noting that the Chinese producers/exporters are "the parties who alleged the presence of . . . ministerial errors in the final results and the parties who would be most directly affected" absent the relief requested). Any dissatisfaction with Commerce's 15-day policy cannot be used to justify the continued imposition on the Chinese producers/exporters of erroneous, inflated duty deposit rates that Commerce itself has repudiated. See Def.-Ints.' Motion for Reconsideration at 11, 12-13 (highlighting ongoing prejudice to Chinese producers/exporters if the "imposition of manifestly incorrect antidumping duty deposit rates" is allowed to continue) (emphasis added); see generally NTN Bearing Corp., 74 F.3d at 1208 (quoting Rhone Poulenc, Inc. v. United States, 899 F.2d 1185, 1191 (Fed.Cir.1990), underscoring Commerce's duty "to determine dumping margins `as accurately as possible'"; noting that "the antidumping laws are remedial, not punitive"; and emphasizing that "[t]he affected U.S. industry is not entitled to [an excessive] remedy").15

Finally, the logic of the Domestic Producers' emphasis on the 15-day policy is entirely unclear. The Domestic Producers' implication is that permitting Commerce to publish amended final results correcting ministerial errors now will cause the Domestic Producers some harm that they would have been spared if Commerce had published the amended final results before the Domestic Producers' lawsuit was commenced. However, apart from any potential implications for the litigation schedule (which are discussed immediately below), the Domestic Producers have failed to identify any such harm.

With respect to the litigation schedule, the Domestic Producers contend that "allowing [Commerce] to publish amended final results at this time would cause delay in this case because [the Domestic Producers] will have to review [Commerce's] amended final results, and then amend their complaint to include challenges to those revised results." See Pls.' Opposition to Motion for Reconsideration at 8. But empowering Commerce to administratively correct ministerial errors and to publish amended final results was the very purpose of the statutory and regulatory scheme enacted to fulfill Congress' intent; and the processes of correcting such errors and publishing amended final results necessarily consume some amount of time. The Domestic Producers have failed to explain how (if at all) the time consumed by those processes in this case will be greater than that which was contemplated by Congress. Moreover, to the extent that the Domestic Producers focus on the time required to "review [Commerce's] amended final results, and then amend their complaint to include challenges to those revised results," it is worth noting that the time required for that purpose in the instant case is a matter entirely within the Domestic Producers' control, and, indeed, is a right that they may waive, should they choose to do so.16

The Domestic Producers make only one argument concerning delay that is not inherent in the statutory and regulatory framework for the correction of ministerial errors. The Domestic Producers contend that Fushun Jinly and the Fangda Group should have filed their Motion for Reconsideration "when they were granted intervention in the case—over a month before they agreed to the current briefing schedule." See Pls.' Opposition to Motion for Reconsideration at 8. The Domestic Producers argue that permitting Commerce to publish amended final results correcting ministerial errors now will require the parties "to abandon the current expedited briefing schedule and adopt a new one, with deadlines much farther out." Id.

The need to amend the scheduling order in this matter might well have been obviated entirely, however, if the Domestic Producers had been more forthcoming in their opposition to the Government's original Motion for Correction of Ministerial Errors.17 In particular, if the Domestic Producers' response to the Government's original Motion for Correction of Ministerial Errors had candidly conceded that the September 23, 2011 comments that the Domestic Producers filed with Commerce had opposed only one of the four corrections that the Government's motion proposed to make, the court's October 26, 2011 order almost certainly would have granted the Government's motion—at least as to the correction of the three errors that the Domestic Producers' September 23, 2011 comments did not contest, and quite likely as to all four of the ministerial errors at issue. See CEMEX, 133 F.3d at 904; NTN Bearing Corp., 74 F.3d at 1208 (stating that it is particularly appropriate to permit Commerce to correct clerical errors where court is already remanding for other reasons); see also Federal-Mogul Corp., 18 CIT at 1172-74, 872 F.Supp. at 1014-16 (same).

It follows that, if the court's October 26, 2011 order had granted the Government's Motion for Correction of Ministerial Errors, the briefing schedule in this matter would have been established after publication of the amended final results—and there would be no need to amend the briefing schedule now. In this sense, to the extent that any unusual delay in this case may flow from the delay in granting Commerce leave to publish amended final results, the Domestic Producers have only their own lack of candor to blame.18

The Domestic Producers' final argument is that "the delay that amendment to the final results would cause is unnecessary because [Commerce] can and should make its proposed corrections in the process of judicial review, allowing the parties to review a draft remand." See Pls.' Opposition to Motion for Reconsideration at 8-9. This claim amounts to nothing less than a full frontal assault on Congress' statutory and regulatory framework enacted for the precise purpose of avoiding the use of the judicial review process to correct what are purely mere "ministerial errors." See H.R.Rep. No. 100-40, Pt. 1, at 144 (1987) (explaining that "ministerial errors" statute is intended to allow Commerce to administratively correct "essentially unintended errors," in order to avoid "expensive litigation that unnecessarily burdens the court system"). Accordingly, like the Domestic Producers' other claims, this argument too must be rejected.

C. The Prejudice to Fushun Jinly, the Fangda Group, and Muzi

As set forth immediately above, permitting Commerce to publish amended final results correcting the specified ministerial errors will result in no cognizable prejudice or harm to the Domestic Producers. On the other hand, as outlined below, refusing leave to publish the amended final results would perpetuate ongoing prejudice to Fushun Jinly and the Fangda Group, through the end of the judicial review process.

Because Fushun Jinly and the Fangda Group have included in their complaint counts challenging the three ministerial errors at issue related to their dumping margins (see Fushun Jinly/Fangda Group Complaint (Nov. 9, 2011), Counts 2-3), it is true that—as the Domestic Producers suggest—those errors conceivably could be litigated in this action and the errors ultimately corrected through the judicial process. Under such a scenario, however, the corrected duty deposit rates would not go into effect until judicial review was concluded. That outcome would directly contravene Congress' intent in enacting the ministerial errors statute, and, more concretely, would (as a practical matter) continue to subject imports of Fushun Jinly and Fangda Group merchandise to the excessive duty deposit rates that are reflected in the existing Final Results—duty deposit rates that are artificially and mistakenly inflated by the ministerial errors that Commerce seeks to correct.

Prompt correction of the ministerial errors, via the administrative mechanism designed for that purpose by Congress, will result in a meaningful reduction in the duty deposit rates applicable to Fushun Jinly and the Fangda Group. Specifically, correction of the miscalculated SG & A and profit ratios applied to Fushun Jinly is projected to reduce Fushun Jinly's rate from the current 56.63% to approximately 39%. See Def.-Ints.' Motion for Reconsideration at 11.19 Similarly, correcting the packing material freight cost calculations for the Fangda Group by using consistent units of measurement (whether kilograms or metric tons) is expected to reduce the Fangda Group's rate from the current 2.75% to approximately 1.5%. See id. As the Fangda Group notes, the effect of that error has been to "overstat[e] the freight component of the surrogate value of [the relevant] inputs by a factor of 1,000." See id. at 7-8 (emphasis added). By any measure, these corrections are significant.

Finally, one of the four ministerial errors that Commerce proposes to correct—i.e., the spelling of Muzi's name in the Final Results—could never be corrected through the process of judicial review, because Muzi did not bring an action in this court appealing the misspelling of the company's name (or challenging any other aspect of the Final Results). The statutory process for the administrative correction of ministerial errors is therefore the sole avenue by which Muzi can be correctly identified in published final results.20 See generally NTN Corp., 32 CIT at ___, 587 F.Supp.2d at 1316 (noting that correction of error "will affect the margins and deposit rates of producers/exporters who are not parties" to litigation challenging final results).

In short, the continued application of patently inaccurate duty deposit rates would work a substantial hardship on the Chinese producers/exporters and confer a windfall on the Domestic Producers. No party has the right to opportunistically exploit ministerial errors in Commerce's calculations to the detriment of other parties. That is precisely the type of administrative "evil" that Congress sought to prevent by authorizing the extra-judicial correction of ministerial errors in final results via the administrative process that Commerce properly seeks to use here. See generally, e.g., NTN Bearing Corp., 74 F.3d at 1208 (holding that Commerce abused its discretion in refusing to correct ministerial error, and noting, inter alia, that "[t]he affected U.S. industry is not entitled to [an excessive] remedy").

D. The Interest of Judicial Economy

As outlined above, permitting Commerce to publish amended final results correcting the ministerial errors at issue here will not result in any cognizable prejudice or fundamental unfairness to the Domestic Producers. Indeed, quite to the contrary, permitting Commerce to issue amended final results will prevent the perpetuation of prejudice and unfairness to the Chinese producers/exporters, and, moreover, will promote judicial economy, will conserve the resources of the parties and the Court, will ensure that the agency determination that is subject to judicial review in this proceeding is that which Commerce intended, and thus will be consonant with Congress' express intent as reflected in the statutory provision governing the correction of ministerial errors. See generally Def.-Ints.' Motion for Reconsideration at 12; Def.'s Renewed Motion for Correction of Ministerial Errors at 5, 9-10.

As section I above explains, Congress' rationale underlying the statutory and regulatory scheme designed specifically to permit Commerce to correct ministerial errors is Congress' desire to obviate the need for "expensive litigation that unnecessarily burdens the court system." See H.R.Rep. No. 100-40, Pt. 1, at 144 (1987). "The ministerial error provisions in the statute signify the importance Congress attached to Commerce's correcting ministerial errors promptly after issuance of final determinations in antidumping proceedings." See NTN Corp., 32 CIT at ___, 587 F.Supp.2d at 1315.

Congress' establishment of this special mechanism for the administrative correction of ministerial errors indicates "[a] legislative preference for determinations that are factually correct." Koyo Seiko Co. v. United States, 14 CIT 680, 683, 746 F.Supp. 1108, 1111 (1990). That preference reflects the fact that "fair and accurate determinations are fundamental to the proper administration of our dumping laws." See id., 14 CIT at 682, 746 F.Supp. at 1110; see also NTN Bearing Corp., 74 F.3d at 1208 (stressing importance of accuracy in antidumping determinations); Shandong Huarong, 25 CIT at 848, 159 F.Supp.2d at 727 (holding that restricting Commerce's power to correct ministerial errors would undermine the agency's "underlying obligation to calculate the most accurate dumping margins possible"). Thus, courts have, with only the rarest exceptions, "`uniformly authorized the correction of any clerical errors which would affect the accuracy of a determination.'" See Diamond Sawblades, 34 CIT at ___, 2010 WL 850158 at *3 (quoting Koyo Seiko Co., 14 CIT at 682, 746 F.Supp. at 1110).21

In granting a similar motion for leave to publish amended final results, the court has previously pointed out that "time and effort will be saved if the subject of the judicial challenges . . . before this Court are what [Commerce] considers to be the true and accurate final results from the. . . administrative review[]." See Federal-Mogul Corp., 16 CIT at 982, 809 F.Supp. at 112. The court further observed that "allowing the correction[] [of the ministerial errors in question] may eliminate many of the issues raised in . . . the complaints which have been filed . . . challenging the[] Final Results." See id.

In the instant case, Commerce's publication of amended final results will enhance the accuracy of the agency's determination, as well as promote the interests of judicial economy and conserve the resources of both the court and the parties. Specifically, two of the six counts in the complaint filed by Fushun Jinly and the Fangda Group relate to the ministerial errors which Commerce seeks to correct. See Fushun Jinly/Fangda Group Complaint (Nov. 9, 2011), Counts 2-3. According to Fushun Jinly and the Fangda Group, "[those] two causes of action in [their] complaint will be eliminated" if Commerce is granted leave to publish amended final results. See Def.-Ints.' Motion for Reconsideration at 12. In short, permitting Commerce to address the subject errors now, through the publication of amended final results, can be expected to obviate a number of the issues currently before the Court, streamlining the litigation while reducing the costs and other burdens borne by the parties and the Court. The interests of judicial economy therefore weigh in favor of granting the requested relief.

III. Conclusion

For all the reasons set forth above, the Motion for Reconsideration filed by Fushun Jinly and the Fangda Group, as well as the Government's Renewed Motion for Correction of Ministerial Errors, must be granted, and Commerce granted leave to publish amended final results correcting the ministerial errors discussed herein.

An order will enter accordingly.