BEAR, J.
The plaintiff, Russell Krol, appeals from the decision of the workers' compensation review board (board) affirming the decisions of the workers' compensation commissioner
The following facts are not in dispute. The plaintiff suffered a work related injury to his lumbar spine and right knee on April 9, 1998. The defendant accepted compensability and paid benefits to the plaintiff. During the pendency of the workers' compensation case, the plaintiff filed a civil action against Royal & SunAlliance
On January 10, 2007, the federal court dismissed three of the plaintiff's claims against the insurer in the federal action on the ground that the Workers' Compensation Act (act), General Statutes § 31-275 et seq., provided the exclusive remedy for those claims. On March 14, 2007, the insurer filed a motion for summary judgment
The plaintiff, pursuant to General Statutes
The board heard the plaintiff's appeal on December 17, 2010, and it issued a decision on June 1, 2011, affirming the commissioner's denial of the plaintiff's motion to open and set aside the agreement and concluding that the commissioner did not abuse his discretion in denying the plaintiff's motion to correct. This appeal followed.
"As a threshold matter, we set forth the standard of review applicable to workers' compensation appeals. The principles that govern our standard of review in workers' compensation appeals are well established. The conclusions drawn by [the commissioner] from the facts found must stand unless they result from an incorrect application of the law to the subordinate facts or from an inference illegally or unreasonably drawn from them." (Internal quotation marks omitted.) Marandino v. Prometheus Pharmacy, 294 Conn. 564, 572, 986 A.2d 1023 (2010).
On appeal, the plaintiff claims that the board improperly affirmed the decision of the commissioner denying the plaintiff's motion to open and set aside the agreement. The plaintiff claims that the commissioner and the board ignored facts that constituted fraudulent
"The decision to open an award is within the discretion of the commissioner.... [A]lthough the commission[er] may modify awards under certain circumstances, [his] power to do so is strictly limited by statute." (Citation omitted; internal quotation marks omitted.) Bergin v. Dept. of Correction, 75 Conn.App. 591, 598, 817 A.2d 136, cert. denied, 264 Conn. 903, 823 A.2d 1220 (2003). Pursuant to § 31-315, the commissioner, inter alia, "ha[s] the same power to open and modify an award as any court of the state has to open and modify a judgment of such court. This provision extends the commission[er]'s power to open and modify judgments to cases of accident ... to mistakes of fact ... and to fraud ... but not to mistakes of law." (Citations omitted; internal quotation marks omitted.) Jones v. Redding, 296 Conn. 352, 369, 995 A.2d 51 (2010).
"The kind of mistake that would justify the opening of a stipulated judgment [or award] ... must be mutual; a unilateral mistake will not be sufficient to open the judgment [or award].... This court has defined a mutual mistake as one that is common to both parties and effects a result that neither intended.... Whether there has been such mistake is a question of fact." (Citations omitted; internal quotation marks omitted.) Rodriguez v. State, 76 Conn.App. 614, 625, 820 A.2d 1097 (2003).
"[T]he essential elements of fraud are: (1) a false representation was made as a statement of fact; (2) it was untrue and known to be untrue by the party making it; (3) it was made to induce the other party to act upon it; and (4) the other party did so act upon that false representation to his injury.... All of these ingredients must be found to exist.... Finally, [t]he party claiming fraud ... has the burden of proof.... Whether that burden has been met is a question of fact that will not be overturned unless it is clearly erroneous." (Internal quotation marks omitted.) Trumbull v. Palmer, 123 Conn.App. 244, 257, 1 A.3d 1121, cert. denied, 299 Conn. 907, 10 A.3d 526 (2010).
In considering what proof must be offered to support the opening of an award on the basis of fraud, we look to analogous situations where a party is attempting to open and set aside a stipulated judgment in the Superior Court. See generally Suffield Development Associates Ltd. Partnership v. National Loan Investors, L.P., 260 Conn. 766, 778, 802 A.2d 44 (2002). In the context of marital dissolutions, Connecticut courts have recognized "that fraud may arise when one party accepts a stipulation based on a fraudulent representation by the other party; see Billington v. Billington, 220 Conn. 212, 217-18, 595 A.2d 1377 (1991).... [T]he ... remedy available to the defrauded party in such a situation ... is to have the court open and reconsider the judgment as a matter of equity. A marital judgment based upon a stipulation may be opened if the stipulation, and thus the judgment, was obtained by fraud. Id.; see Kenworthy v. Kenworthy, 180 Conn. 129, 131, 429 A.2d 837 (1980). A court will open a marital judgment secured by fraud if: (1) there was no laches or unreasonable delay by the injured party after the fraud was discovered; (2) there is clear proof of the perjury or fraud; and (3) there is a substantial likelihood that the result of the new trial will be different. See Billington v. Billington, supra, at 218, 595 A.2d 1377." (Internal quotation marks omitted.) Suffield Development Associates
In the present case, the plaintiff argues that, on March 14, 2007, the insurer moved for summary judgment in the federal court on the improper ground that the remaining claims in the federal action were barred by the December 5, 2006 settlement agreement in the workers' compensation case. He argues that the agreement in the workers' compensation case did not require that the federal action be withdrawn and that, because the insurer's motion for summary judgment alleged that the federal action was barred by or covered by the agreement, the agreement was either procured by fraud or there was a mutual mistake. Our review of the record does not support the plaintiff's contention that the commissioner erroneously found that the agreement was not the result of mutual mistake of fact or fraud that occurred in the settlement process of the workers' compensation case.
The language in the stipulated settlement agreement clearly demonstrates the intent of the parties to settle "any and all claims which [the plaintiff] may now have or hereafter may have against the [defendant] under the Workers' Compensation Act ... whether said claims ... have now accrued or may hereafter accrue...." Furthermore, the commissioner found the testimony of the defendant's attorney to be credible, and he found that the defendant did not procure the agreement through fraud or misrepresentation. Our review of the agreement does not reveal any language that prohibited the insurer from defending against the federal action or moving for summary judgment in that case. Moreover, the record does not reveal any mutual mistake of fact regarding the agreement, nor does the plaintiff point to a material factual mistake that was shared by all parties. The plaintiff's argument focuses on the insurer's defense tactics in the federal action, but the propriety of the agreement is not dependent on what occurred subsequently in the federal court after the parties had entered into and received the commissioner's approval of the terms of the agreement. At the time of the acceptance of the agreement, the terms were known and approved by all parties and the commissioner, and none of the terms barred further proceedings in the federal action. We conclude, therefore, that the board properly affirmed the commissioner's decision to deny the plaintiff's motion to open and set aside the agreement.
The plaintiff also claims that the board improperly affirmed the decision of the commissioner denying the plaintiff's motion to correct the commissioner's findings in his June 8, 2010 denial of the plaintiff's motion to open and set aside the parties' agreement. We do not agree.
"It is the quintessential function of the finder of fact to reject or accept evidence and to believe or disbelieve any expert testimony." (Internal quotation marks omitted.) Chesler v. Derby, 96 Conn.App. 207, 218, 899 A.2d 624, cert. denied, 280 Conn. 909, 907 A.2d 88 (2006). "We will not change the finding of the commissioner unless the record discloses that the finding includes facts found without evidence or fails to include material facts which are admitted or undisputed.... It [is] the commissioner's function to find the facts and determine the credibility of witnesses... and a fact is not admitted or undisputed merely because it is uncontradicted.... A material fact is one that will affect the outcome of the case.... Thus, a motion to
In this case, the plaintiff requested that fifty new or corrected findings be made to the commissioner's June 8, 2010 denial of the plaintiff's motion to open and set aside the agreement. The commissioner denied the motion in its entirety, and the board affirmed that decision. In the present appeal, the plaintiff does not set forth which of his proposed findings the commissioner improperly denied, nor does he cite to any part of the record that might support his contention that some or all of the commissioner's findings were improper or unsupported. Accordingly, we conclude that the board properly affirmed the commissioner's denial of the plaintiff's motion to correct.
The decision of the workers' compensation review board is affirmed.
In this opinion the other judges concurred.
"[A]pproval of ... a stipulation by the commissioner is not an automatic process. It is his function and duty to examine all the facts with care before entering an award, and this is particularly true when the stipulation presented provides for a complete release of all claims under the [act]." (Internal quotation marks omitted.) Id., at n. 4.