RICHARD J. LEON, District Judge.
Plaintiff Scott Hensley ("plaintiff") brought an action against defendant Office of the Architect of the Capitol ("AOC") alleging the following violations of the Congressional Accountability Act ("CAA"): (1) the AOC subjected plaintiff to unlawful retaliation when it refused to interview or promote plaintiff to an assistant supervisor position, in violation of the CAA; and (2) the AOC subjected plaintiff to a hostile work environment, in violation of the CAA. Additionally, plaintiff alleges that Stephen Ayers, Rebecca Tiscione, Evelyn Goodwin, Tonda Cave, Edgard Martinez, William Weidmeyer, and William Miller ("the defendants"), sued in their personal capacities, violated plaintiffs substantive and procedural rights under the Fifth Amendment. The defendants have moved to dismiss those defendants being sued in their personal capacities. After careful consideration of the law and pleadings, defendants' Motion to Dismiss each individual defendant is GRANTED.
Plaintiff was an employee of the High Voltage Division of the AOC at the time the events giving rise to the instant action occurred. Compl. ¶¶ 4, 8-10. Corey Howell, another employee of the High Voltage Division, filed an administrative complaint under the CAA with the AOC. Id. ¶¶ 21-22. Mr. Howell deposed plaintiff during the course of Mr. Howell's administrative case. Id. ¶ 25. Plaintiffs deposition was a protected activity under the CAA and thus subject to the confidentiality guarantee of the CAA and certain Procedural Rules of the AOC's Office of Compliance. Id. ¶¶ 25-26.
Subsequent to plaintiffs deposition in the Howell matter, he learned that defendant AOC had brought disciplinary charges against his second-level supervisor, Rick Crupi ("Supervisor Crupi" or "Crupi"). Id. ¶¶ 27-29. The charges against Supervisor Crupi were based in part on plaintiffs confidential and sworn testimony in the Howell matter. Id. ¶ 27. Plaintiff was advised that he was to testify at the disciplinary hearing. Id. ¶ 31.
In preparation for his disciplinary hearing, Supervisor Crupi met with plaintiff and questioned him about the damaging testimony that he expected the plaintiff to provide at the disciplinary hearing. Id.
Subsequent to plaintiffs meeting with Supervisor Crupi, AOC issued a vacancy announcement for the position of Assistant Supervisor of the High Voltage Division, to which plaintiff applied. Id. ¶¶ 38-39. Supervisor Crupi was in charge of hiring for the open position. Id. ¶ 40. Although plaintiff was rated as "highly qualified" for the position, he was denied an interview. Id. ¶¶ 41, 42. Later, AOC withdrew the vacancy announcement. Id. ¶ 43.
On or about August 5, 2009, the AOC re-posted the Assistant Supervisor position vacancy announcement, to which plaintiff applied and was provided an interview. Id. ¶¶ 45-48. Supervisor Crupi was no longer in charge of hiring for the open position. Id. ¶ 49. Plaintiff, nonetheless, was not selected for the position. Id. ¶ 53.
As a result, plaintiff filed this lawsuit on April 23, 2010, seeking damages against his employer, AOC, for retaliatory employment practices and actions in violation of the CAA, and against certain defendants, in their personal capacities, for violating his rights under the Fifth Amendment of the Constitution. See Docket Entry 1; Compl. ¶¶ 57, 62, 68. On September 29, 2010, defendants filed a Motion to Dismiss those defendants being sued in their personal capacities. See Docket Entry 9.
A court may dismiss a complaint, or any portion of it, for failure to state a claim upon which relief may be granted. Fed. R.Civ.P. 12(b)(6). A court considering a motion to dismiss, however, may only consider "the facts alleged in the complaint, any documents either attached to or incorporated in the complaint and matters of which [the court] may take judicial notice." E.E.O.C. v. St. Francis Xavier Parochial Sch., 117 F.3d 621, 624 (D.C.Cir.1997). To survive a motion to dismiss, a complaint must "plead [ ] factual content that allows the court to draw the reasonable inference that the defendant is liable for the misconduct alleged." Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556 U.S. 662, 129 S.Ct. 1937, 1949, 173 L.Ed.2d 868 (2009). In evaluating a Rule 12(b)(6) motion, the court construes the complaint "in favor of the plaintiff, who must be granted the benefit of all inferences that can be derived from the facts alleged." Schuler v. United States, 617 F.2d 605, 608 (D.C.Cir.1979) (internal quotation marks omitted). However, factual allegations, even though assumed to be true, must still "be enough to raise a right to relief above the speculative level." Bell Atl. Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 555, 127 S.Ct. 1955, 167 L.Ed.2d 929 (2007). Moreover, the court "need not accept inferences drawn by plaintiff[] if such inferences are unsupported by the facts set out in the complaint. Nor must the court accept legal conclusions cast in the form of factual allegations." Kowal v. MCI Commc'ns Corp., 16 F.3d 1271, 1276 (D.C.Cir.1994).
Plaintiff has failed to plead enough facts to state a facially plausible claim against defendants—with the exception of Assistant General Counsel Martinez.
Here, plaintiff sufficiently alleges that Assistant General Counsel Martinez released his deposition testimony to Supervisor Crupi's attorney in violation of the confidentiality provision of the CAA,
In his complaint, plaintiff alleges that defendants violated his Fifth Amendment
Unfortunately for the plaintiff, however, our Circuit Court has not recognized a general right to privacy. At most, the Circuit Court has addressed the right to privacy in the context of the disclosure of personal information. But even in that context, our Circuit Court has expressed "grave doubts as to the existence of a constitutional right of privacy in the nondisclosure of personal information." Am. Fed'n of Gov't Emps. v. Dep't of Hous. & Urban Dev., 118 F.3d 786, 791 (D.C.Cir. 1997). That skepticism stems not only from the "apparent hesitance" of the Supreme Court to recognize explicitly such a right, but also from the fact that those circuits that have recognized this right did
As such, it is highly unlikely that such a right to privacy would be recognized by our Circuit Court in this case. Indeed, in American Federation of Government Employees, the private information at issue related to the employee's finances, drug use, mental health, and expunged criminal history—matters quite personal to the employees. Id. at 788. Here, the confidential testimony that was released was not information personal to the plaintiff but testimony he gave characterizing his supervisor's conduct. As such, this Court sees no likelihood whatsoever that our Circuit Court would conclude that a plaintiff has a constitutional privacy interest in such information. Therefore, Defendants' Motion to Dismiss Count III is GRANTED as to each individual defendant.
Finally, even if there was a right to privacy for such confidential information—which this Court finds there is not—plaintiff's complaint as to the defendants named in their personal capacity should be dismissed. An action for damages brought against federal officials in their individual capacity pursuant to the U.S. Constitution is commonly referred to as a Bivens claim. See Bivens v. Six Unknown Named Agents of Fed. Bureau of Narcotics, 403 U.S. 388, 397, 91 S.Ct. 1999, 29 L.Ed.2d 619 (1971) (holding plaintiff may sue federal agents for money damages for violation of his constitutional rights). However, the Supreme Court "in most instances" has found the Bivens remedy to be "unjustified." Wilkie v. Robbins, 551 U.S. 537, 550, 127 S.Ct. 2588, 168 L.Ed.2d 389 (2007). Indeed, in more recent "decisions[, it has] responded cautiously to suggestions that Bivens be extended into new contexts." Schweiker v. Chilicky, 487 U.S. 412, 421, 108 S.Ct. 2460, 101 L.Ed.2d 370 (1988). There are two instances, however, where it is clearly not appropriate to award money damages in a Bivens claim. Bivens, 403 U.S. at 396, 91 S.Ct. 1999. First, when there are "special factors" counseling against creating a Bivens remedy, and second, where there is a congressional declaration prohibiting recovery of monetary damages or remitting recovery to another equally effective remedy. Id. In a motion to dismiss, the defendant bears the burden to prove the existence of either of these two instances. See Carlson v. Green, 446 U.S. 14, 18-19, 100 S.Ct. 1468, 64 L.Ed.2d 15 (1980). Here, defendants have done so by relying on the "special factor" of a comprehensive procedural and remedial scheme: the CAA.
Plaintiff contends defendants unconstitutionally violated the confidentiality provision of the CAA, 2 U.S.C. § 1416. Compl. ¶ 3. The CAA, however, provides a specific remedy for injury caused by a
Thus, for all of the foregoing reasons, Defendant's Motion to Dismiss, ECF No. 9, is GRANTED. An appropriate order will accompany this memorandum opinion.
For the reasons set forth in the Memorandum Opinion entered this date, it is this 23rd day of August, 2011, hereby
Citing to Vanover, plaintiff contends in his response brief that Defendants violated his due process interest in employment. See Pl.'s Opp'n to Def.'s Mot. to Dismiss ("Pl.'s Opp'n"), p. 21. However, as to all of the personally-sued defendants, plaintiff's complaint fails to allege facts that, if true, state a plausible claim that Defendants violated any property interest in employment. See Iqbal, 129 S.Ct. at 1940-41. Plaintiff's allegations strictly relate to the breach of confidentiality caused by the release of his deposition testimony, not to the loss of any employment interest. Compl. ¶ 70 ("[Defendants] unconstitutionally deprive[d] Plaintiff of his unambiguous entitlement to confidentiality under the [CAA].")