ELLEN SEGAL HUVELLE, District Judge.
Plaintiff Terry Jones, a prisoner currently incarcerated at the Federal Correctional Institution of Petersburg, Virginia, brings this action against defendant United States of America under the Federal Tort Claims Act, claiming negligence and medical malpractice by federal Bureau of Prisons employees. Defendant has moved to dismiss for improper venue pursuant to Rule of Civil Procedure 12(b)(3) or, in the alternative, to transfer venue pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1404(a). For the reasons stated herein, defendant's motion to transfer venue will be granted and the case will be transferred to the United States District Court for the Northern District of West Virginia.
Plaintiff is a prisoner in the custody of the federal Bureau of Prisons who is serving
In December 2007, plaintiff was incarcerated at USP Hazelton in the Northern District of West Virginia. (Id. ¶ 1.) On December 20, 2007, he was injured in a riot on his unit when he slipped on another inmate's blood on a metal staircase and fell on his back. (Id. ¶¶ 1-2, 17-33.) Following this incident, plaintiff "sought medical attention for numbness and tingling in his fingers," and was advised to "stop doing sit-ups." (Id. ¶¶ 2, 34-35.) Over the next ten months, plaintiff "repeatedly sought medical attention, asked for and was denied an MRI, asked for and was denied an orthopedic or other specialist consultation, and was never treated for his back injury." (Id. ¶¶ 3, 36-46, 51-52.) Finally, on November 4, 2008, plaintiff was "scheduled for an orthopedic consultation," but that same day, before the consultation occurred, plaintiff was transferred out of Hazelton. (Id. ¶¶ 4, 48-49.)
From USP Hazelton, plaintiff was flown to the Federal Transfer Center in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, and then taken on a seventeen-hour bus ride to USP Tucson, Arizona. (Id. ¶¶ 4, 54, 57). Due to "extreme pain and weakness," plaintiff required assistance in getting on and off the plane. (Id. ¶ 54.) The bus ride, during which plaintiff was in leg and hand restraints, caused plaintiff excruciating pain and, when he arrived at USP Tucson, he "was unable to walk and could not exit the bus under his own power." (Id. ¶¶ 4, 57-60)
Over the next fourteen months at USP Tucson, plaintiff's "condition continued to deteriorate," but his requests for treatment for his back pain were denied and he was given only short-term pain medication. (Id. ¶¶ 5, 65-73, 77-78.) On March 11, 2009, plaintiff "experienced lightning-like, shooting pain in his back and collapsed on the recreation yard." (Id. ¶¶ 6, 74.) He was transferred to an outside hospital where "testing revealed that he suffered from extensive spinal damage, including severe spinal stenosis, degeneration of the spinal discs, and disk protrusion." (Id. ¶¶ 6, 75-76) On March 13, 2009, or thereabout, plaintiff had back surgery to prevent further worsening of his injuries. (Id. ¶¶ 6, 79.)
At some later date, plaintiff was transferred to USP Petersburg in the Eastern District of Virginia, where he was residing at the time he filed the instant complaint. He "remains unable to walk without the use of a walker, cannot sit for long periods of time, has muscular atrophy in his upper arms, and daily experiences pain in his back and left leg." (Id. ¶¶ 7, 80-81.)
Based on the above-described events (set forth in greater detail in plaintiff's amended complaint), plaintiff filed this FTCA case claiming (1) negligence by USP Hazelton prison staff and officials in failing to protect him from injury on December
Claims brought under the FTCA "may be prosecuted only in the judicial district where the plaintiff resides or wherein the act or omission complained of occurred." 28 U.S.C. § 1402(b). Plaintiff's complaint asserts that venue is proper in this district solely because he is a "resident of the District of Columbia."
If venue is improper, the court "shall dismiss, or if it be in the interest of justice, transfer such case to any district or division in which it could have been brought." 28 U.S.C. § 1406(a). As a general matter, a transfer of the case is favored over a dismissal. See El v. Belden, 360 F.Supp.2d 90, 93 (D.D.C.2004). Defendant suggests that venue would be proper in either the Eastern District of Virginia, where plaintiff is incarcerated, the Northern District of West Virginia, where USP Hazelton is located, or in the District of Arizona, where USP Tucson is located.
Applying the law of this Circuit that a prisoner resides where he is incarcerated, venue would be proper in the Eastern District of Virginia. See supra. However, that is not the law in most other circuits, see, e.g., Holmes v. United States Bd. of Parole, 541 F.2d 1243, 1248-49 (7th Cir.1976); Ellingburg v. Connett, 457 F.2d 240, 241 (5th Cir.1972); Urban Indus. v. Thevis, 670 F.2d 981, 986 (11th Cir.1982); Brimer v. Levi, 555 F.2d 656 (8th Cir. 1977); Flanagan v. Shively, 783 F.Supp. 922, 935 (M.D.Pa.), aff'd, 980 F.2d 722 (3d Cir.1992), and the Fourth Circuit has not decided the issue. See Royer v. Federal Bureau of Prisons, 2010 WL 4827727, at *5 (E.D.Va.2010) ("some courts have found that prisoners reside in the district where they are domiciled for ... venue purposes, [but] the Fourth Circuit has never squarely addressed the matter") (citing United States v. Pugh, 69 Fed.Appx. 628 (4th Cir.
For purposes of the FTCA, the judicial district "wherein the act ... occurred" is the district in which "sufficient activities giving rise to the plaintiff's cause of action took place." Zakiya v. United States, 267 F.Supp.2d 47, 58 (D.D.C.2003) (citing Franz v. United States, 591 F.Supp. 374, 378 (D.D.C.1984)); see also Sanchez v. United States, 600 F.Supp.2d 19 (D.D.C. 2009); Tildon v. Alexander, 587 F.Supp.2d 242 (D.D.C.2008). Applying this standard to the allegations of the complaint, venue would be proper in either the Northern District of West Virginia or the District of Arizona.
In deciding among proper venues, a court must consider the following factors:
SEC v. Page Airways, 464 F.Supp. 461, 463 (D.D.C.1978); see also 28 U.S.C. § 1404(a) (court may transfer for the "convenience of parties and witnesses, in the interest of justice"). Considering these factors, the Northern District of West Virginia is clearly the more convenient forum as the majority of events giving rise to plaintiff's claims occurred there and it is significantly closer to plaintiff's current place of incarceration.
Accordingly, and for the reasons stated above, the Court will grant defendant's motion to transfer venue and transfer this case to the Northern District of West Virginia.