COLLEEN KOLLAR-KOTELLY, District Judge.
Before the Court is the [250/255] Motion to Compel Discovery filed by Petitioner Tariq Mahmoud Al Sawah (ISN 535). See Pet's Mot. to Compel Disc. ("Pet'r's Mem."), ECF No. [250]; Pet'r's Supplement to Mot. to Compel Disc. ("Pet'r's Suppl. Mem."), ECF No. [255]. The Government has filed an Opposition and Petitioner has filed a Reply. See Gov't's Mem. in Opp'n to Pet'r's Mot. to Compel Disc. ("Gov't's Opp'n"), ECF No. [256]; Gov't's Resp. to Pet'r's Supplement to Mot. to Compel Disc. ("Gov't's Suppl. Opp'n"), ECF No. [260]; Pet'r's Reply to Gov't's Mem. in Opp'n to Mot. to Compel Disc. ("Pet'r's Reply"), ECF No. [261]. The motion is therefore fully briefed and ripe for a decision. In an exercise of its discretion, the Court finds that hearing oral argument would not be of assistance. See LCvR 7(f). Upon careful consideration of the parties' submissions,
Petitioner's Motion to Compel is governed by the [68] Case Management Order entered by Judge Thomas F. Hogan on November 6, 2008, as amended by Judge Hogan's [86] Order dated December 16,
First, Section I.D.1 of the CMO delineates the scope of the Government's ongoing obligation to disclose "exculpatory evidence" to Petitioner even in the absence of a specific request. Specifically, the Government must "disclose to the petitioner all reasonably available evidence in its possession that tends materially to undermine the information presented to support the government's justification for detaining the petitioner." CMO § I.D.1. The term "exculpatory evidence" includes, but is not limited to, "any evidence or information that undercuts the reliability and/or credibility of the Government's evidence," such as "evidence that casts doubt on a speaker's credibility, evidence that undermines the reliability of a witness's identification of Petitioner, evidence that indicates a statement is unreliable because it is the product of abuse, torture, or physical incapacity, or evidence that demonstrates material inconsistencies between statements." Apr. 6, 2009 Order at 2. "[T]he term `reasonably available evidence' means evidence contained in any information reviewed by attorneys preparing factual returns for all detainees," and "also includes any other evidence the government discovers while litigating habeas corpus petitions filed by detainees at Guantanamo Bay." CMO § I.D.1. Therefore, the universe of "reasonably available evidence" includes, but is not limited to, traverses filed by other detainees.
Second, Section I.E.1 of the CMO requires the Government to disclose the following to Petitioner upon his request: "(1) any documents and objects in the government's possession that the government relies on to justify detention; (2) all statements, in whatever form, made or adopted by the petitioner that the government relies on to justify detention; and (3) information about the circumstances in which such statements of the petitioner were made or adopted." CMO § I.E.1. The phrase "in whatever form" means "all forms (including audio or video), whether cumulative or not." Apr. 6, 2009 Order at 3. The phrase "circumstances in which such statements of the petitioner were made or adopted" encompasses "all surrounding circumstances," including, but not limited to, "the use of coercive tactics as well as inducements and promises." Id.
Third, Section I.E.2 of the CMO confers upon the Court the discretion to authorize additional limited discovery beyond what is required by Sections I.D.1 and I.E.1 upon a showing of "good cause," Requests for additional discovery must "(1) be narrowly tailored, not open-ended; (2) specify the discovery sought; (3) explain why the request, if granted, is likely to produce evidence that demonstrates that the petitioner's detention is unlawful; and (4) explain why the requested discovery will enable the petitioner to rebut the factual basis for his detention without unfairly disrupting or unduly burdening the government." CMO § I.E.2 (internal citations and quotations omitted).
Through his [250/255] Motion to Compel, Petitioner seeks information relating to nine overarching categories. The Court shall address each of those nine categories in turn below. Preliminarily, however, the Court must address the Government's arguments that Petitioner's pending discovery requests are either untimely or barred by the doctrine of judicial estoppel. Neither
Considering the record as a whole, the Court is unpersuaded by the Government's arguments that Petitioner's pending discovery requests are either untimely or barred by the doctrine of judicial estoppel. Beginning with the Government's timeliness argument, the Court recognizes that Petitioner could and should have made some of his pending discovery requests earlier, but the Court also acknowledges that the factual and legal landscape of this case has been under continual development with the Government's ongoing disclosures and with each successive opinion from the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit. Even though this action has been pending for some time, the Court is ultimately left unconvinced that Petitioner should now be precluded from pursuing limited discovery requests that could potentially lead to evidence that would undermine the basis for his continued detention. That is particularly so because the Government has failed to identify any material and undue prejudice that it would suffer if it were required to respond to Petitioner's requests at this time. Although the Government claims that "additional discovery threatens to disrupt the schedule contemplated by the Court for resolving the merits of this case," Gov't's Opp'n at 24, the Court has not set dates for the merits hearing or even for the briefing of pre-hearing motions. While requiring the Government to respond to limited discovery requests might delay a final resolution of this case, any delay would be minimal in the grand scheme of things and would not significantly disrupt the schedule contemplated by the Court. Meanwhile, to the extent the Government intended to suggest that it would be burdened merely by being required to respond to Petitioner's discovery requests, any such burden would not be undue so long as the requests fail within the scope of permissible discovery under the CMO. In the final analysis, the Court concludes that timeliness does not present a bar to the Court's consideration of Petitioner's Motion to Compel.
The Government's argument based on the doctrine of judicial estoppel is even less persuasive. The Government sets forth its argument in a single footnote in its Opposition, a footnote that does not even appear in the argument section. See Gov't's Opp'n at 6 n. 2. This Court "need not consider cursory arguments made only in a footnote," Hutchins v. District of Columbia, 188 F.3d 531, 539 n. 3 (D.C.Cir. 1999) (en banc), and it declines to do so here. Regardless, although the Court recognizes that Petitioner's current litigation stance stands in tension with his prior theory of the case, the Court is not convinced that Petitioner's earlier efforts to emphasize his cooperation with the Government ever crystallized into a concrete litigation position that could be said to be
With those preliminary matters aside, the Court now turns to addressing the nine categories of information sought by Petitioner through his Motion to Compel.
Petitioner's first request seeks a series of photographs. It can be divided into two basic sub-parts. The Court addresses each sub-part in turn.
First, Petitioner seeks a copy of a single photograph shown to David Hicks (ISN 002) ("Hicks") and identified as Petitioner during an interrogation [redacted] See Pet'r's Mem. at 8. Petitioner avers, and the Government does not deny, that the Government intends to rely on Hicks' identification of Petitioner in support of its allegation that Petitioner worked for al-Qaida as an explosives instructor, albeit in conjunction with other evidence. As a result, permitting Petitioner to obtain a copy of the photograph shown to Hicks will allow him to challenge the accuracy and reliability of the identification. In this respect, Petitioner's first request satisfies the requirements of Section I.E.2 of the CMO. Accordingly, it shall be GRANTED.
Second, Petitioner seeks (1) copies of photographs of Hamza Zubair ("Zubair") taken following certain raids that took place in Karachi, Pakistan in September 2002 and (2) two photographs alleged to be of Petitioner that were shown to Lufti Al Arnbi Al Gharise (ISN 1209) ("Al Gharise") during an interrogation [redacted]
In sum, Petitioner's first request, as narrowed by Petitioner, shall be GRANTED in its entirety. By no later than May 1, 2012, the Government shall produce (1) the single photograph shown to Hicks and identified as Petitioner during an interrogation [redacted] (2) copies of any photographs of Zubair that were taken following the raids that took place in Karachi, Pakistan in September 2002, and (3) the two photographs alleged to be of Petitioner that were shown to Al Gharise during an interrogation [redacted]
Petitioner's second request is for "all log entries from the `Detainee Log' and the `INTREP Activity' log which relate to [him] for the period between May 2002 and December 2003."
Nonetheless, the Court pauses to observe that the Government represents that the entries that it has produced to Petitioner to date include "all potentially exculpatory entries" from both logs. Gov't's Opp'n at 17. The term "exculpatory evidence" includes "any evidence or information that undercuts the reliability and/or credibility of the Government's evidence." Apr. 6, 2009 Order at 2. From the Government's [262] Witness and Exhibit Lists, it is clear that the Government intends to rely on numerous statements that Petitioner made to interrogators during the time period covered by Petitioner's second request, including statements made on [redacted] Given the Government's reliance on statements spread throughout this period, any entries contained in the Detainee Log and the INTREP Activity log pertaining to Petitioner's mental deterioration during this time period would fall within the ambit of the exculpatory evidence that must be disclosed under Section I.D.1 of the CMO because they would tend to undercut the reliability and/or credibility of
Petitioner's third request is for access to his "original" medical records. Pet'r's Mem. at 3. Because Petitioner has since withdrawn this request, see Pet'r's Reply at 8, it need not be resolved by the Court and it shall be DENIED WITHOUT PREJUDICE.
[redacted]
The Government's response is two-fold. First, the Government claims that Petitioner has failed to explain why the request is likely to produce evidence that demonstrates that his detention is unlawful. Specifically, the Government argues that Petitioner has not articulated [redacted] Gov't's Opp'n at 20. The Court disagrees. To the extent there are [redacted] Petitioner was "forcibly removed" from his cell and suffered "psychological distress" relatively close in time to making inculpatory statements to interrogators, then they might be probative of Petitioner's mental condition at the time he made such statements or otherwise reflect on the "surrounding circumstances" in which those inculpatory statements were made. Second, the Government claims that Petitioner's request is not narrowly tailored and does not specify with sufficient particularity the discovery sought. See id. On this score, the Court agrees in part. As presently framed, Petitioner fourth request seeks [redacted] will evidence the "psychological distress" he allegedly suffered. However, when Petitioner has sought other evidence potentially bearing on his mental condition, he has confined his requests to the time period extending from May 2002 through December 2003. In connection with this request, Petitioner has not attempted to explain why the time period should extend further back in time to cover January 2002 through April 2002. In that respect, the Court finds that Petitioner's fourth request is not narrowly tailored and that Petitioner has failed to explain why the request is likely to produce evidence
Accordingly, Petitioner's fourth request for discovery shall be GRANTED IN PART and DENIED WITHOUT PREJUDICE IN PART. Specifically, the request shall be GRANTED insofar as Petitioner seeks reflecting his forcible removal from his cell by Guantanamo Bay personnel in the time period extending from May 2002 through December 2003; and the request shall be DENIED WITHOUT PREJUDICE insofar as Petitioner seeks [redacted] reflecting his forcible removal from his cell by Guantanamo Bay personnel in the time period extending from January 2002 through April 2002.
Petitioner's fifth request was originally brought under Section I.E.2 of the CMO and sought "all documentary evidence that is within the government's possession which tends to show that noncombatants were present at Tora Bora during the time period the government maintains Petitioner was at Tora Bora, including any documents that tend to show that some noncombatants were detained and subsequently released." Pet'r's Mem. at 3. In his Reply, Petitioner narrows the scope of the request, indicating that he now "asks only that the Court specifically require the Government" to "disclose such evidence pursuant to Section I.D.1 of the CMO which requires the government to disclose `all reasonably available evidence in its possession that tends to materially undermine the information presented to support the government's justification for detaining the petitioner.'"
The Government claims that "any evidence regarding the presence of noncombatants in Tora Bora would in no way undermine the Government's rationale for detaining Petitioner," emphasizing that it relies not only on Petitioner's mere presence in Tora Bora in the relevant time period, but also evidence that "petitioner
Petitioner's sixth request seeks "[u]nredacted copies of Petitioner's Exhibits [redacted]" Pet'r's Suppl. Mem. at 2. Petitioner's sole argument in support of disclosure is that the production of unredacted copies of these exhibits is required by the terms of this Court's April 6, 2009 Order. See id. at 2-3. But Petitioner's understanding of the scope of this Court's April 6, 2009 Order is mistaken. Pursuant to the Court's Order, the Government was required to disclose reports of interrogations
Petitioner's seventh request seeks "[a]n unredacted copy of Petitioner's Exhibit [redacted] In response, the Government represents that it is mak[ing] appropriate inquiries as to whether it would be feasible to disclose a less redacted version of the report." Gov't's Suppl. Opp'n at 4. Accordingly, there does not appear to be a need for the Court to resolve Petitioner's request at this time. The parties shall promptly meet and confer and, by no later than May 1, 2012, file a Joint Status Report indicating whether they have resolved Petitioner's concerns. At this time, Petitioner's seventh request is DENIED WITHOUT PREJUDICE.
Petitioner's eighth request is for "[a]ll reports of interrogations of Petitioner between June and October 2002." Pet'r's Suppl. Mem. at 2. In support, Petitioner claims that "coercive tactics" may have been used in connection with interrogations during this time period and alleges that his "mental condition deteriorated as the interrogation process intensified." Id. at 4. Earlier in this action, the Court required the Government to disclose to Petitioner those portions of reports of interrogations from November 2001 through May 2002 that included "descriptions of the surrounding circumstances of Petitioner's interrogations" and "information concerning the use of coercive tactics, if any were employed." Apr. 6, 2009 Order at 13. Having already permitted the production of such records for an earlier time period, the Court sees no good reason to depart from this logic now. Petitioner's eighth request shall be GRANTED IN PART and DENIED IN PART. Specifically, the request shall be GRANTED insofar as Petitioner seeks those portions of reports of interrogations of him between June 2002 and October 2002 that relate to the "surrounding circumstances" of the interrogations, including the use of coercive tactics, or that reflect upon Petitioner's mental condition or deterioration; the request shall otherwise be DENIED because Petitioner's request for all reports of interrogations in this time period, without further limitation, is not narrowly tailored and does not explain why it is likely to produce evidence that demonstrates that his detention is unlawful.
Petitioner's ninth request is for "[a] list of all materials seized on December 15, 2001 and identified as AFGP #2002-800628." Pet'r's Suppl. Mem. at 2. Petitioner's request is predicated on his assumption that AFGP 2002-800628 "refers to materials seized at the time of Petitioner's arrest." Id. at 5. The Government responds that Petitioner's "assumption is incorrect," Gov't's Suppl. Opp'n at 5, and introduces documentation evidencing
For the reasons set forth above, it is, this 10th day of April, 2012, hereby