COLLEEN KOLLAR-KOTELLY, District Judge.
Plaintiff Sharon Harrison, an employee of Defendant the Office of the Architect of the Capitol, filed suit alleging the Defendant subjected the Plaintiff to a hostile work environment in violation of the Congressional Accountability Act, 2 U.S.C. § 1301 et seq. Presently before the Court is the Defendant's [32] Motion for Summary Judgment. Upon consideration of the pleadings, the relevant legal authorities, and the record as a whole, the Court finds the Plaintiff failed to establish a genuine issue of material fact necessary to defeat summary judgment as to any of her hostile work environment claims. Accordingly,
Plaintiff has been employed in the Training and Employee Development Branch of the Human Resources Management Division of the Architect of the Capitol since 2001. Def.'s Stmt. ¶ 1.
On August 6, 2008, the Plaintiff alleges that Mr. Hayleck approached the Plaintiff's desk and screamed at the Plaintiff while waiving a piece of paper in close proximity to the Plaintiff's face. Harrison Decl. ¶ 2. Mr. Hayleck was upset that the Plaintiff had sent an email to David Ferguson, the Plaintiff's third-line supervisor, regarding a "controversial training request." Def.'s Ex. A (8/7/08 Email S. Hayleck to Pl.). According to Mr. Hayleck, Ms. Tiscione had instructed Mr. Hayleck to contact her before any further contact with Mr. Ferguson about this training request, meaning that the Plaintiff's email "place(d) [Hayleck] and [Tiscione] at risk of being seen as insubordinate regarding this issue." Id. Mr. Hayleck informed the Plaintiff that she should consider the incident "verbal counseling" pursuant to Chapter 752 of the Architect of the Capitol's Personnel Manual. Id. ¶ 6. Mr. Hayleck did not use profanity or physically touch the Plaintiff, but the Plaintiff contends that "her path to exit was blocked by the physical presence of Chief Hayleck." Def.'s Stmt. ¶ 8; Harrison Decl. ¶ 5. During his deposition, Mr. Hayleck described himself as 5'7" tall and approximately 175 pounds.
The Plaintiff subsequently sent an email to her second-line supervisor Rebecca Tiscione requesting a meeting "to discuss some office issues." Def.'s Ex. B (8/08/08 Email Pl. to R. Tiscione); Def.s' Stmt. ¶¶ 13-14. During the meeting on August
The Plaintiff alleges that between August 23 and September 30, 2008: (1) Mr. Hayleck and one of the Plaintiff's co-workers in the Training Division "did not speak to [Plaintiff]," and Mr. Hayleck would only communicate with the Plaintiff via email; (2) Plaintiff was not informed of and did not attend any staff meetings; and (3) Plaintiff was "excluded from all normal communication and information in[] the Training Division." Harrison Decl. ¶ 44. However, the Plaintiff is not aware if any staff meetings were actually held during this time period. Harrison Dep. 79:8-12. At some point Mr. Hayleck "required [Plaintiff] to provide notice of [her] whereabouts at all times" by emailing him when she left and returned to the office and keeping a log, but he subsequently asked the Plaintiff to stop notifying him via email. Harrison Decl. ¶ 44(f)-(g). The Plaintiff was also "required" to notify Mr. Hayleck via email when rush forms were placed in his "box," but Mr. Hayleck asked the Plaintiff to stop sending the emails "as he would check the `box' as he always did." Id. ¶ 44(l)-(m). The Plaintiff indicated that when her co-worker in the Training Branch was out of the office, "the workplace door to Chief Hayleck's office was shut." Id. ¶ 44(k).
On September 30, 2008, the Plaintiff alleges that on three occasions Mr. Hayleck "blocked [Plaintiff's] my path where [she] couldn't go straight to the door [to exit the office]," forcing the Plaintiff to go "sideways around him and pull[] the door open." Harrison Dep. 67:2-11. Mr. Hayleck did not say anything to the Plaintiff and the Plaintiff was able to leave each time. Id. 67:15-23. After visiting the nurse at some point that day, reportedly distressed by the interaction, the Plaintiff left the office and was out on leave until February 19, 2009. Harrison Decl. ¶¶ 52, 117. During this time period, Plaintiff made multiple requests for leave pursuant to the Family and Medical Leave act, for advanced sick leave, and for annual leave. Id. ¶¶ 56-108. All of the Plaintiff's requests for leave were granted. Harrison Dep. 86:23-87:1.
Before returning to the office in February 2009, the Plaintiff contacted Ms. Tiscione to request a six-month temporary assignment outside the Training Division. Harrison Decl. ¶ 110. Upon her return, the Plaintiff was assigned to the Human Resources Management Division and reported directly to Ms. Tiscione. Id. ¶ 117; Def.'s Stmt. ¶ 27. On February 19, the Plaintiff was tasked with organizing files in a file room in the basement of the Ford House Office Building "in close proximity to the office of Chief Hayleck." Harrison Decl. ¶ 117. That same day, the Plaintiff received four anonymous emails regarding job opportunities outside the Office of the
On or about March 9, 2009, the Plaintiff saw Mr. Hayleck in Ms. Tiscione's office, and "suffered an anxiety attack." Harrison Decl. ¶ 128. Less than two weeks later, the Plaintiff received two additional emails regarding job opportunities at different agencies. Id. ¶ 132. The Plaintiff's temporary assignment ended in June 2009, at which point she was reassigned to Mr. Hayleck's chain of command, but was furnished with a private office in another part of the building. Def.'s Stmt. ¶ 28. Mr. Hayleck resigned from the Defendant's employ in September 2009, at which point the Plaintiff returned to the main Training Branch office. Id. ¶ 29. The Plaintiff initiated this civil action on July 23, 2009.
"The court shall grant summary judgment if the movant shows that there is no genuine dispute as to any material fact and the movant is entitled to judgment as a matter of law." Fed.R.Civ.P. 56(a).
Fed.R.Civ.P. 56(c)(1). "If a party fails to properly support an assertion of fact or fails to properly address another party's assertion of fact as required by Rule 56(c), the court may ... consider the fact undisputed for purposes of the motion." Fed. R.Civ.P. 56(e). When considering a motion for summary judgment, the court may not make credibility determinations or weigh the evidence; the evidence must be analyzed in the light most favorable to the nonmoving party, with all justifiable inferences drawn in his favor. Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc., 477 U.S. 242, 255, 106 S.Ct. 2505, 91 L.Ed.2d 202 (1986). "If material facts are at issue, or, though undisputed, are susceptible to divergent inferences, summary judgment is not available." Moore v. Hartman, 571 F.3d 62, 66 (D.C.Cir.2009) (citation omitted).
The moving party bears the burden of demonstrating the absence of a genuine issue of material fact. Celotex Corp. v. Catrett, 477 U.S. 317, 322, 106 S.Ct. 2548, 91 L.Ed.2d 265 (1986). The mere existence of a factual dispute, by itself, is insufficient to bar summary judgment. See Liberty Lobby, 477 U.S. at 248, 106 S.Ct. 2505. "Only disputes over facts that might affect the outcome of the suit under the governing law will properly preclude the entry of summary judgment." Id. For a dispute about a material fact to be "genuine," there must be sufficient admissible evidence that a reasonable trier of fact could find for the nonmoving party. Id. The adverse party must "do more than simply show that there is some metaphysical doubt as to the material facts." Matsushita Elec. Indus. Co. v. Zenith Radio Corp., 475 U.S. 574, 586, 106 S.Ct. 1348, 89 L.Ed.2d 538 (1986). Conclusory assertions offered without any factual basis in the record cannot create a genuine dispute. See Ass'n of Flight Attendants-CWA v. U.S. Dep't of Transp., 564 F.3d 462, 465-66 (D.C.Cir.2009).
The Congressional Accountability Act of 1995 extended the protections of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, 42 U.S.C. § 2000e et seq., to employees of the legislative branch. 2 U.S.C. § 1302(a)(2). Title VII prohibits an employer from "discriminat[ing] against any individual with respect to [her] compensation, terms, conditions, or privileges of employment, because of such individual's race, color, religion, sex, or national origin." 42 U.S.C. § 2000e-2(a)(1). To that end, an employer may not create or condone a hostile or abusive work environment that is discriminatory. Meritor Sav. Bank, FSB v. Vinson, 477 U.S. 57, 64-65, 106 S.Ct. 2399, 91 L.Ed.2d 49 (1986). When the alleged harasser is the employee's supervisor, the employer is vicariously liable to the employee. Faragher v. City of Boca Raton, 524 U.S. 775, 807, 118 S.Ct. 2275, 141 L.Ed.2d 662 (1998).
The Plaintiff's complaint alleges five separate claims of a hostile work environment: (a) hostile work environment based on the Plaintiff's gender (Count I); (b) hostile work environment in retaliation for protected activity under Title VII (Counts II & III); (c) hostile work environment in retaliation for Plaintiff's exercise of rights under the Family and Medical Leave Act ("FMLA") (Count IV); and (d) hostile work environment in retaliation for Plaintiff's opposition to practices prohibited under the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 (Count V). The Plaintiff does not suggest in her Complaint or in her opposition to the Defendant's motion that she suffered any adverse employment actions on account of her gender or in retaliation for protected activity or for taking FMLA leave. The Court addresses the Plaintiff's hostile work environment claims in the order presented in the Complaint.
Initially, the Plaintiff alleges in Count I that she was subjected to a hostile work environment on account her gender. Specifically, the Plaintiff contends: (1) the August 6, 2008, incident; (2) Mr. Hayleck's behavior toward the Plaintiff from August 23 until September 30, 2008; (3) the September 30, 2008, incident; (4) the processing of the Plaintiff's leave requests; and (5) the "events" following the Plaintiff's return on February 19, 2009, constituted a hostile work environment. To establish a prima facie Title VII hostile work environment claim, the Plaintiff must show: (1) she was a member of a protected class; (2) she was subjected to unwelcome harassment; (3) the harassment occurred because of her protected status; and (4) the harassment had the effect of unreasonably interfering with the plaintiff's work performance and creating an intimidating,
A workplace becomes "hostile" for purposes of Title VII only if the allegedly offensive conduct "permeate[s] [the workplace] with discriminatory [or retaliatory] intimidation, ridicule, and insult, that is sufficiently severe or pervasive to alter the conditions of the victim's employment and create an abusive working environment." Harris v. Forklift Sys., Inc., 510 U.S. 17, 21-22, 114 S.Ct. 367, 126 L.Ed.2d 295 (1993) (citation omitted). This standard has both objective and subjective components: the work environment must be one that a reasonable person in the plaintiff's position would find hostile or abusive, and the plaintiff must actually perceive the environment to be hostile or abusive. Id. The objective prong requires the Court to evaluate the "the totality of the circumstances, including the frequency of the discriminatory conduct, its severity, its offensiveness, and whether it interferes with an employee's work performance." Baloch v. Kempthorne, 550 F.3d 1191, 1201 (D.C.Cir.2008) (citing Faragher, 524 U.S. at 787-88, 118 S.Ct. 2275). "[A] few isolated incidents of offensive conduct do not amount to actionable harassment." Stewart v. Evans, 275 F.3d 1126, 1134 (D.C.Cir. 2002).
As a threshold matter, the Plaintiff acknowledges that during the August 6 incident Mr. Hayleck was "enraged" by an email the Plaintiff sent to her third-line supervisor, David Ferguson. Harrison Decl. ¶¶ 3-4; Harrison Dep. 49:14-50:25; Def.'s Ex. A (8/7/08 Email S. Hayleck to Pl.). Mr. Hayleck was upset by an email the Plaintiff sent to an individual two levels above Mr. Hayleck in the chain of command without Mr. Hayleck's consent. As a result, Mr Hayleck shouted at the Plaintiff and waived a piece of paper at her. The Plaintiff suggests that Mr. Hayleck was motivated by the Plaintiff's gender because "[h]e would not have trapped a male in the desk that way," and "[h]e gets loud with the females, but doesn't say anything to the males," although the Plaintiff admits she has no knowledge as to whether or not Mr. Hayleck ever raised his voice towards male employees. Harrison Dep. 58:11-59:7. The Plaintiff's speculation aside, nothing in the record corroborates the Plaintiff's claim that Mr. Hayleck's behavior on August 6, 2008, was in anyway motivated by the Plaintiff's gender. Stewart, 275 F.3d at 1133. Thus, this incident is not relevant to the Plaintiff's hostile work environment claim. Even if the Court were to consider this event, the acts about which the Plaintiff complains do not rise to the level of a hostile work environment.
In addition to the August 6 incident, the Plaintiff argues Mr. Hayleck's treatment of the Plaintiff between August 23 and September 30, 2008, contributed to the
The Plaintiff does not articulate what conduct by the Defendant while the Plaintiff was on leave constituted part of the allegedly hostile work environment. On October 20, 2008, Mr. Hayleck sent the Plaintiff a letter indicating that the Plaintiff would be considered absent without official leave if she did not provide FMLA documentation. Harrison Decl. ¶ 64. The Plaintiff submitted the documentation the next day, and the Plaintiff was never placed on AWOL status. At best, the Plaintiff seems to argue that the fact Mr. Ferguson did not immediately grant certain requests for leave contributed to the hostile work environment. Harrison Dep. 83:14-25; 86:2-15. However, the Plaintiff offers no evidence to suggest Mr. Ferguson's conduct was in anyway motivated by the Plaintiff's gender. Ultimately all of the Plaintiff's requests for leave were granted. Id. at 86:23-87:1.
Following her return to work on February 19, the Plaintiff emphasizes that on the day of the 19th, Ms. Tiscione assigned the Plaintiff to work in the basement of the Ford House Office Building where she could have (but did not) see Mr. Hayleck. The Plaintiff was moved the basement the next day. The Plaintiff saw Mr. Hayleck in Ms. Tiscione's office on March 9. Mr. Hayleck looked at the Plaintiff, but did not say anything to her. Harrison Dep. 87:2-11. The Plaintiff alleges that she suffered an anxiety attack as a result of this interaction. Id. Finally, in February and March 2009, the Plaintiff received several anonymous emails regarding job opportunities with other federal agencies.
Though the Plaintiff evidently viewed her environment as hostile, objectively the events at issue, viewed together, were not so "severe" or "pervasive" to have changed the conditions of the Plaintiff's employment. There is no evidence that the Plaintiff suffered any "tangible workplace consequences," and the Plaintiff's assertion that she suffered severe "abuse" is undercut by the fact the Plaintiff had a single verbal conflict with Mr. Hayleck, which was clearly motivated by Mr. Hayleck's anger regarding an email the Plaintiff sent to a supervisor two levels above Mr. Hayleck in the chain of command, not the Plaintiff's gender. Baloch, 550 F.3d at 1201. Even if the Court were to construe the September 30 "incident" and March 9 interaction as clashes, the sporadic nature of the Plaintiff's alleged run-ins with Mr. Hayleck do not support the Plaintiff's claim that the hostile conduct was severe or pervasive. Id. Viewing the events in the light most favorable to the Plaintiff, no reasonable jury could find that the events "were sufficiently severe that [Plaintiff's] workplace was `permeated with discriminatory
Counts II and III of the Complaint are somewhat convoluted, but the Plaintiff appears to allege that the Defendant subjected the Plaintiff to a hostile work environment in retaliation for the Plaintiff reporting the August 6 incident to Ms. Tiscione. Similarly, the Plaintiff alleges in Count IV that she was subjected to a hostile work environment in retaliation for exercising her rights to take leave under the Family and Medical Leave Act, requests which were all ultimately granted. There is no evidence in the record to suggest Mr. Ferguson had any retaliatory motive in temporarily denying certain leave requests, in fact, there is no evidence that Mr. Ferguson was even aware of the Plaintiff's protected activity. Nor is there any evidence to suggest Ms. Tiscione's decision assigning the Plaintiff to the basement of the Ford House Office Building on February 19, 2009, was retaliatory in nature, be it for the Plaintiff's complaints regarding Mr. Hayleck or use of FMLA leave. Moreover, there is no evidence to suggest Mr. Hayleck's conduct was retaliatory; during the September 30 and March 9 incidents, Mr. Hayleck did not even speak to the Plaintiff. The Plaintiff does not even attempt to identify any evidence of retaliation in her opposition brief except to note that the Defendant was aware of the Plaintiff's protected activity. Pl.'s Opp'n at 41-42. Absent any evidence of a retaliatory motive, the Defendant is entitled to summary judgment on Counts II, III, and IV. See, e.g., Ward v. District of Columbia, 950 F.Supp.2d 9, 19, 2013 WL 2897015, at *7 (D.D.C. June 14, 2013) ("[A]lthough the facial neutrality of an action does not necessarily bar a Title VII claim, the plaintiff must at least demonstrate that there is a factual basis for inferring that the incidents were motivated by a retaliatory animus.") (citation omitted). Assuming arguendo that the conduct of the Defendant's employees after August 13, 2008, and after the Plaintiff's leave was retaliatory, as outlined above that conduct falls far short of creating a hostile work environment.
Count V of the Complaint alleges that the "unlawful retaliatory employment practices" set forth in the Complaint were based on "Plaintiff's opposition to the on going [sic] and continuing violent and unsafe work environment created by Defendant in violation of the Occupation[al] Safety and Health Act of 1970," primarily in connection with the August 6 incident. Compl. ¶ 188. "A civil action may be commenced by a covered employee only to seek redress for a violation for which the employee has completed counseling and mediation." 2 U.S.C. § 1408(a). The Defendant argues that the Plaintiff failed to comply with section 1408(a) because "[s]he nowhere alleges in her administrative complaint or in her supplement to it that she suffered retaliation for exercise of her OSHA rights." Def.'s Mot. at 22. To the contrary, the Plaintiff's March 5, 2009, supplement to her formal request for counseling
Nevertheless, although the Court has jurisdiction to consider Count V, the Plaintiff once again offers no evidence to suggest that Mr. Hayleck, Ms. Tiscione, or Mr. Ferguson, took any action against the Plaintiff in retaliation for the Plaintiff opposing allegedly unlawful working conditions. Moreover, no reasonable jury could conclude that the Plaintiff was subjected to a hostile work environment. Therefore, the Defendant is entitled to summary judgment on this count.
For the foregoing reasons, the Court finds the Defendant is entitled to summary judgment on all counts. Taking the facts in the light most favorable to the Plaintiff, a reasonable jury could conclude that the Plaintiff did not get along with her first-line supervisor, but the conduct at issue does not approach the severity necessary to sustain a claim for a hostile work environment. Furthermore, the Plaintiff offers no evidence to suggest that any objectionable behavior she might have been subject to was motivated by a retaliatory animus. Accordingly, the Defendant's [32] Motion for Summary Judgment is GRANTED. An appropriate Order accompanies this Memorandum Opinion.