Royce C. Lamberth, United States District Judge.
Before the Court is the defendant's Motion to Dismiss or, in the Alternative, for Summary Judgment [10] on plaintiff Wayne Wilson's complaint [1]. Wilson filed a complaint alleging employment discrimination and retaliation pursuant to Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, as amended, 42 U.S.C. § 2000e, et seq., ("Title VII"). Upon consideration of the defendant's Motion to Dismiss or, in the Alternative, for Summary Judgment, the plaintiff's Opposition thereto [16], and the defendant's Reply [27], the Court will GRANT the defendant's Motion for the reasons stated below.
The relevant facts are as follows: plaintiff, Wayne A. Wilson, is an African American male employed since 2002 by the United States Navy as a police officer assigned to the Naval District of Washington ("NDW") in Washington, D.C. According to Mr. Wilson, on November 27, 2009, after
As a result of the November 27, 2009 incident, defendant placed plaintiff on indefinite suspension without pay, effective March 12, 2010, pending the disposition of the criminal proceedings against plaintiff, or until the completion of an administrative action. Id. ¶ 14; Def.'s Mot. to Dismiss, Ex. 5 (February 16, 2010 Proposed Suspension Letter). On June 15, 2010, plaintiff was acquitted of the criminal charges against him. Compl. ¶ 15. Subsequently, on June 23, 2010, defendant notified plaintiff that his indefinite suspension was terminated and plaintiff could return to active duty effective June 25, 2010. Id. ¶ 16.
Plaintiff filed an appeal with the Merit Systems Protection Board ("MSPB") on July 5, 2010, challenging his suspension without pay and his reinstatement without back pay and without restoration to his pre-suspension shift.
Plaintiff's claim of retaliation focuses on an incident on January 4, 2011 in which Officer Cassandra Thompson observed him using his cell phone while standing post and directing traffic, which is a violation of NDW rules.
Because the Court finds that plaintiff failed to state a claim for each of the alleged acts of discrimination and retaliation, the legal standard and analysis applied herein pertain only to dismissal for failure to state a claim under Rule 12(b)(6).
Under Rule 12(b)(6), a court may dismiss a complaint, or any portion of it, for failure to state a claim upon which relief can be granted. FED. R. CIV. P. 12(b)(6). A court considering such a motion to dismiss pursuant to this rule must accept all factual allegations in the complaint as true, Bell Atl. Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 555, 127 S.Ct. 1955, 167 L.Ed.2d 929 (2007), and must construe all factual allegations in the light most favorable to the plaintiff, Barr v. Clinton, 370 F.3d 1196, 1199 (D.C.Cir.2004) (internal citations omitted). To survive a motion to dismiss, the complaint must contain enough factual allegations to "state a claim that relief is plausible on its face." Bell. Atl. Corp., 550 U.S. at 570, 127 S.Ct. 1955. A complaint is "plausible on its face" when the plaintiff "pleads factual content that allows the court to draw the reasonable inference that the defendant is liable for the misconduct alleged." Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556 U.S. 662, 663, 129 S.Ct. 1937, 173 L.Ed.2d 868 (2009) (internal quotations omitted).
To state a claim for employment discrimination under Title VII employees must exhaust their available administrative remedies. 42 U.S.C. § 2000e-16(c). An employee must first "initiate contact with an EEO counselor within 45 days of the matter alleged to be discriminatory or, in the case of personnel action, within 45 days of the effective date of the action." 29 C.F.R. § 1614.105(a)(1). After the EEO investigator completes her investigation of the allegations, the employee may demand either a hearing before an EEOC administrative judge or an immediate final decision. 29 C.F.R. § 1614.106(e)(2); 29 C.F.R. § 1614.108(f). If no final decision has been issued within 180 days of the initial EEO complaint, the employee may file a complaint in federal court. 29 C.F.R. § 1614.407. Exhaustion of administrative remedies is a prerequisite to any civil action alleging Title VII violations.
In a civil action, to sufficiently state a claim for discrimination under Title VII the plaintiff must establish that: "(1) she is a member of a protected class; (2) she suffered an adverse employment action; and (3) the unfavorable action gives rise to an inference of discrimination" based on one's belonging to a protected class. George v. Leavitt, 407 F.3d 405, 412 (D.C.Cir.2005) (internal quotations omitted).
Plaintiff contends that his reinstatement to work without receiving back
Importantly, there are no allegations contained in plaintiff's complaint, EEO filings, or court filings that a white or female employee has been suspended and subsequently reinstated with back pay. The examples plaintiff provides do not show preferential treatment to white and female employees in similar circumstances. Plaintiff's examples allege employees' criminal actions and job-related punishments, but they are not situations in which an employee has been suspended without pay and reinstated without back pay. As a result, no factual allegations exist to suggest that the adverse employment action creates an inference of discrimination based on race or sex. Therefore, the Court must dismiss plaintiff's claim because plaintiff does not allege sufficient facts that, if taken as true, give rise to an inference of employment discrimination based on race or sex.
In addition, although plaintiff alleges that the discrimination occurred at the time of his reinstatement without issuing back pay or restoration to his old shift, if plaintiff were to claim that discrimination took place at the time of his suspension, then the claim would still be dismissed for failure to exhaust all administrative remedies due to untimely EEO contact. 29 C.F.R. § 1614.105(a)(1). Plaintiff had forty-five days from the time of the alleged adverse employment action to initiate contact with an EEO counselor. Id. Because plaintiff's suspension took effect in March 2010, plaintiff did not timely contact an EEO counselor when he initiated contact in early July 2010, well beyond the forty-five day limit. Because untimely claims cannot appropriately be exhausted, the timeliness of plaintiff's claims is dispositive of whether he can sufficiently state a claim to survive defendant's motion to dismiss.
Plaintiff alleges that NDW's failure to restore him to his old shift also constitutes employment discrimination based on race and sex. To sufficiently state a claim plaintiff must allege he suffered an adverse employment action. An adverse employment action is a "significant change in employment status, such as hiring, firing, failing to promote, reassignment with significantly different responsibilities, or a decision causing significant change in benefits." Douglas v. Donovan, 559 F.3d 549, 552 (D.C.Cir.2009) (internal citations and quotations omitted). An employee suffers adverse employment action if he "experiences materially adverse consequences affecting the terms, conditions, or privileges of employment or future employment opportunities...." Brown v. Brody, 199 F.3d 446, 457 (D.C.Cir.1999). An adverse employment action usually inflicts "tangible economic harm," but this was not the case for plaintiff. Douglas, 559 F.3d at 552 (citing Forkkio v. Powell, 306 F.3d 1127, 1131 (D.C.Cir.2002)).
Based on plaintiff's alleged facts, NDW's failure to reinstate him to his old shift has no effect on his pay and causes him no economic harm. Such action does
Plaintiff alleges that NDW engaged in several acts of retaliation against him which constitute a violation of his civil rights under Title VII, 42 U.S.C. § 2000e-3(a), including the five-day suspension in January 2012 and the denial of his supervisor's request for shift change. Plaintiff must allege sufficient facts to infer (1) that he engaged in protected activity opposing discrimination; (2) that he suffered a materially adverse employment action by his employer; and (3) that there was "a causal link between the protected activity and the adverse action." Hamilton v. Geithner, 666 F.3d 1344, 1357 (D.C.Cir.2012) (internal citations omitted); see also Jones v. Bernanke 557 F.3d 670, 677 (D.C.Cir. 2009). The only employment actions that could plausibly be considered retaliation must have taken place after plaintiff engaged in protected activity. Therefore, this Court addresses only the alleged retaliatory actions that took place after plaintiff filed the September 4, 2010 EEO complaint.
Plaintiff's claim that the five-day suspension constitutes retaliation must be dismissed for failure to state a claim because the alleged facts do not support an inference of a causal link between plaintiff's protected activity and his January 2012 suspension. The January 2012 suspension was proposed in January 2011, approximately four months after plaintiff's EEO complaint. Where the two events are very close in time, temporal proximity can support an inference of causation. Singletary v. District of Columbia, 351 F.3d 519, 525 (D.C.Cir.2003). In this case, the adverse action is too far removed from the protected activity to be considered "very close" and infer causation.
Finally, plaintiff claims that NDW's denial of his supervisor's recommendation to change plaintiff's shift to allow him to have weekends off amounts to prohibited retaliation. This claim, however, must also be dismissed for the same reason that NDW's failure to restore plaintiff to his old shift upon his reinstatement is dismissed. Denying a shift change recommendation does not significantly change plaintiff's employment status, nor does it result in any objectively tangible harm. Thus, plaintiff fails to state a claim for retaliation on this basis as well.
In sum, defendant's Motion to Dismiss for failure to state a claim is GRANTED as to all of plaintiff's discrimination and retaliation claims.
A separate Order consistent with this Memorandum Opinion shall issue this date.