RANDOLPH D. MOSS, United States District Judge.
Plaintiff Darryl Burke, proceeding pro se, alleges that on July 26, 2015, he submitted a Freedom of Information Act ("FOIA") request to the United States Department of Justice ("the Department") seeking information from the U.S. Attorney's Office for the Southern District of Florida. After the Department failed to respond to his request, Burke filed this action. See Dkt. 1. The Department now moves for summary judgment, asserting that it never received the FOIA request Burke describes in his complaint and that, accordingly, Burke has failed to exhaust his administrative remedies before bringing suit. See Dkt. 13.
For the reasons explained below, the Court agrees. The Court will, therefore, grant the Department's motion for summary judgment.
Burke brings this action under FOIA, see 5 U.S.C. § 552, and the Privacy Act, see 5 U.S.C. § 552a, and alleges that he submitted a FOIA request to the Office of the United States Attorney for the Southern District of Florida, requesting "cop[ies] of all case names and case numbers for cases involving one or more Brady violations in the Southern District of Florida that were overturn[ed] by the Appeal Courts, granted retrial, remanded, [or] dismissed" and the case names and numbers of all matters on which "U.S. Attorney Jerrob Duffy participate[d] or [was] involved." Dkt. 1 at 2 (Compl.). The complaint further alleges that "the Defendant... has failed to deliver [his] FOIA request," and that, accordingly, he "has exhausted his administrative remedies under" FOIA. Id. at 3. The complaint twice references an "Exhibit A" (presumably the FOIA request), see id. at 1, 2, but no exhibit was actually filed along with the complaint. To date, moreover, Burke has not filed a copy of his FOIA request, any correspondence with the Department regarding FOIA or the Privacy Act, or any other evidence that the FOIA request was actually sent or received.
After the Department was served with Burke's complaint in this case, a "[l]egal [a]dministrative [s]pecialist" at the Executive Office for the United States Attorneys
In light of its "determin[ation] that it did not receive the FOIA request described in [Burke's] complaint," the Department moved for summary judgment, arguing that Burke "failed to exhaust the FOIA administrative procedures regarding his alleged FOIA request." Dkt. 13-2 at 4. On April 5, 2017, the Court issued an order advising Burke that he was "entitled to file a memorandum and supporting evidence in response" to the Department's motion, and cautioning him that, "if [he] fail[ed] to file a response, the Court [could] decide the motion without considering [his] arguments." Dkt. 14 at 1. The Court also informed Burke that it would "accept as true any factual assertion supported by" the Department's declarations "or other documentary evidence submitted with [its] motion" unless he "submit[ted] [his] own ... documentary evidence contradicting the factual assertion." Id. On June 21, 2017, the Court extended the time for Burke to respond to the Department's motion up to July 14, 2017, see June 21, 2017 Minute Order. Burke, however, has not responded to the Department's motion or to the Court's order directing that he respond.
FOIA cases are typically resolved on motions for summary judgment under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 56. See, e.g., Shapiro v. U.S. Dep't of Justice,
"An agency's disclosure obligations [under FOIA] are not triggered... until it has received a proper FOIA request in compliance with its published regulations." Mitchell v. Samuels, 160 F.Supp.3d 8, 11 (D.D.C. 2016) (quoting Antonelli v. Fed. Bureau of Prisons, 591 F.Supp.2d 15, 26 (D.D.C. 2008)); see also Thomas, 534 F.Supp.2d at 145 ("An agency's obligation under the FOIA does not arise ... until a proper request is received."). "If no FOIA request is received, an agency has no reason to search" for or to produce records. Mitchell, 160 F.Supp.3d at 12 (quoting Carbe v. Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco & Firearms, 03-cv-1658, 2004 WL 2051359, at *8 (D.D.C. Aug. 12, 2004)). A FOIA plaintiff's "failure to file a perfected request," moreover, "constitutes [a] failure to exhaust administrative remedies." Walsh v. FBI, 905 F.Supp.2d 80, 84 (D.D.C. 2012) (quoting Rodriguez-Cervantes v. Dep't of Health & Human Servs., 853 F.Supp.2d 114, 117 (D.D.C. 2012)); see also Antonelli, 591 F.Supp.2d at 26 ("As a general rule, a FOIA requester must exhaust administrative remedies prior to seeking judicial review."). Simply put, an agency cannot respond to a FOIA request it never received, and a plaintiff cannot maintain an action premised on a FOIA request he never submitted.
In FOIA cases like this one — "where agencies allege that they were unable to find ... plaintiffs' requests for information" — the "agencies must demonstrate that they conducted searches reasonably calculated" to locate the request or any evidence that it was received. Walsh, 905 F.Supp.2d at 84. Agencies can satisfy this obligation by submitting declarations describing their search efforts that "contain sufficient detail" and "are not controverted by contrary evidence." Id. (citations omitted). Those declarations "are `accorded a presumption of good faith.'" Borda v. Exec. Office for the U.S. Attorney, 125 F.Supp.3d 196, 198 (D.D.C. 2015) (quoting SafeCard Servs., Inc. v. SEC, 926 F.2d 1197, 1200 (D.C. Cir. 1991)).
Here, in support of its motion for summary judgment, the Department has submitted a declaration from David Luczynski, an EOUSA attorney advisor responsible for "acting as liason with other divisions and offices [within the Department] in responding to" FOIA requests. See Dkt. 13-4 at 1 (Luczynski Decl. ¶ 1). Luczynski's declaration describes the Department's standard FOIA procedures, noting that incoming FOIA requests are "assign[ed] ... a FOIA reference number," "date-stamped," and "entered in a mail log book," and it explains that all "FOIA correspondence" is "entered in
This declaration is sufficient to establish that the Department "conducted [a] search[] reasonably calculated" to locate the FOIA request described in Burke's complaint. Walsh, 905 F.Supp.2d at 84. Luczynski observes that he is "familiar with [EOUSA's] procedures [for] responding to" FOIA requests, Dkt. 13-4 at 2 (Luczynski Decl. ¶ 3), and that he is unaware "of any other method or means by which an additional search could be conducted that would be likely to locate any other FOIA requests submitted by" Burke, id. at 4 (Luczynski Decl. ¶ 9). Having reviewed the declaration, the Court has no reason to doubt that assertion.
For his part, Burke has submitted "no proof that he mailed" the FOIA request described in his complaint, "or that the [Department] received it." Walsh, 905 F.Supp.2d at 85. Indeed, although many months have now passed and although Burke was warned of the consequences of failing to respond to the Department's evidence, he has failed to offer any response to the Department's motion for summary judgment. To be sure, a "motion for summary judgment cannot be deemed `conceded' for want of opposition." Winston & Strawn, LLP v. McLean, 843 F.3d 503, 508 (D.C. Cir. 2016). But, if a party fails "to properly address another party's assertion of fact," the Court may "consider the fact undisputed for the purposes of the motion." Id. (quoting Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(e)). Here, the Department has "presented undisputed" and convincing "evidence that it searched for [Burke's] FOIA request in the places that [it] would have been located, but did not discover any such request." Walsh, 905 F.Supp.2d at 85. Because Burke has failed to controvert that evidence, the Court concludes that he "never properly initiated and exhausted the FOIA administrative process" and "`is not entitled to maintain a civil action with respect'" to the FOIA request described in his complaint. Id. (quoting Brown v. FBI, 675 F.Supp.2d 122, 126 (D.D.C. 2009)). The Court will, accordingly, grant the Department's motion for summary judgment.
For these reasons, the Court will
A separate order will issue.